<s>
The	O
NewTek	B-Device
Video	I-Device
Toaster	I-Device
is	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
hardware	B-Architecture
and	O
software	O
for	O
the	O
editing	O
and	O
production	O
of	O
NTSC	O
standard-definition	B-Device
video	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
plug-in	O
expansion	B-Device
card	I-Device
initially	O
worked	O
with	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
2000	I-Device
computer	O
and	O
provides	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
BNC	B-Protocol
connectors	I-Protocol
on	O
the	O
exposed	O
rear	O
edge	O
that	O
provide	O
connectivity	O
to	O
common	O
analog	O
video	O
sources	O
like	O
VHS	O
VCRs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Together	O
,	O
the	O
hardware	B-Architecture
and	O
software	O
provided	O
,	O
for	O
a	O
few	O
thousand	O
U.S.	O
dollars	O
,	O
a	O
video	O
editing	O
suite	O
that	O
rivaled	O
the	O
output	O
of	O
contemporary	O
(	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
allowed	O
small	O
studios	O
to	O
produce	O
high-quality	O
material	O
and	O
resulted	O
in	O
a	O
cottage	O
industry	O
for	O
video	O
production	O
not	O
unlike	O
the	O
success	O
of	O
the	O
Macintosh	B-Device
in	O
the	O
desktop	O
publishing	O
(	O
DTP	O
)	O
market	O
only	O
a	O
few	O
years	O
earlier	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Video	B-Device
Toaster	I-Device
won	O
the	O
Emmy	O
Award	O
for	O
Technical	O
Achievement	O
in	O
1993	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
parts	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
software	O
package	O
were	O
spun	O
off	O
as	O
stand-alone	O
products	O
,	O
notably	O
LightWave	B-Device
3D	I-Device
,	O
and	O
achieved	O
success	O
on	O
their	O
own	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
platform	I-Device
lost	O
market	O
share	O
and	O
Commodore	O
International	O
went	O
bankrupt	O
in	O
1994	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
declining	O
sales	O
,	O
the	O
Video	B-Device
Toaster	I-Device
was	O
moved	O
to	O
the	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
platform	O
where	O
it	O
is	O
still	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
also	O
produces	O
what	O
is	O
essentially	O
a	O
portable	O
pre-packaged	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Video	B-Device
Toaster	I-Device
along	O
with	O
all	O
the	O
computer	B-Architecture
hardware	I-Architecture
needed	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
TriCaster	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
became	O
all-digital	O
units	O
in	O
2014	O
,	O
ending	O
production	O
of	O
the	O
analog	O
Video	B-Device
Toaster	I-Device
line	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Video	B-Device
Toaster	I-Device
was	O
designed	O
by	O
NewTek	O
founder	O
Tim	O
Jenison	O
in	O
Topeka	O
,	O
Kansas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Toaster	O
was	O
announced	O
at	O
the	O
World	O
of	O
Commodore	O
expo	O
in	O
1987	O
and	O
released	O
as	O
a	O
commercial	O
product	O
in	O
December	O
1990	O
for	O
the	O
Commodore	B-Device
Amiga	I-Device
2000	O
computer	O
system	O
,	O
taking	O
advantage	O
of	O
the	O
video-friendly	O
aspects	O
of	O
that	O
system	O
's	O
hardware	B-Architecture
to	O
deliver	O
the	O
product	O
at	O
an	O
unusually	O
low	O
cost	O
of	O
$	O
2,399	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Amiga	B-Device
was	O
well	O
adapted	O
to	O
this	O
application	O
in	O
that	O
its	O
system	O
clock	O
at	O
was	O
precisely	O
double	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
NTSC	O
color	O
carrier	O
frequency	O
,	O
,	O
allowing	O
for	O
simple	O
synchronization	O
of	O
the	O
video	O
signal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
hardware	B-Architecture
component	O
is	O
a	O
full-sized	O
card	O
that	O
is	O
installed	O
into	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
2000	I-Device
's	O
unique	O
single	O
video	O
expansion	B-Device
slot	I-Device
rather	O
than	O
the	O
standard	O
bus	O
slots	O
,	O
and	O
therefore	O
cannot	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
the	O
A500	B-Device
or	O
A1000	B-Device
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
card	O
has	O
several	O
BNC	B-Protocol
connectors	I-Protocol
in	O
the	O
rear	O
,	O
which	O
accepts	O
four	O
video	O
input	O
sources	O
and	O
provided	O
two	O
outputs	O
(	O
preview	O
and	O
program	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
feature	O
of	O
the	O
Video	B-Device
Toaster	I-Device
is	O
the	O
inclusion	O
of	O
LightWave	B-Device
3D	I-Device
,	O
a	O
3D	O
modeling	O
,	O
rendering	O
,	O
and	O
animation	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Aside	O
from	O
simple	O
fades	O
,	O
dissolves	O
,	O
and	O
cuts	O
,	O
the	O
Video	B-Device
Toaster	I-Device
has	O
a	O
large	O
variety	O
of	O
character	O
generation	O
,	O
overlays	O
and	O
complex	O
animated	O
switching	O
effects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
effects	O
are	O
in	O
large	O
part	O
performed	O
with	O
the	O
help	O
of	O
the	O
native	O
Amiga	B-Device
graphics	B-Device
chipset	I-Device
,	O
which	O
is	O
synchronized	O
to	O
the	O
NTSC	O
video	O
signals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Toaster	O
hardware	B-Architecture
requires	O
very	O
stable	O
input	O
signals	O
,	O
and	O
therefore	O
is	O
often	O
used	O
along	O
with	O
a	O
separate	O
video	O
sync	O
time-base	O
corrector	O
to	O
stabilize	O
the	O
video	O
sources	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
with	O
all	O
video	O
switchers	O
that	O
use	O
a	O
frame	O
buffer	O
to	O
create	O
DVEs	O
(	O
digital	O
video	O
effects	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
video	O
path	O
through	O
the	O
Toaster	O
hardware	B-Architecture
introduced	O
delays	O
in	O
the	O
signals	O
when	O
the	O
signal	O
was	O
in	O
"	O
digital	O
"	O
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
user	O
still	O
needs	O
at	O
least	O
three	O
video	O
tape	O
recorders	O
(	O
VTR	O
)	O
and	O
a	O
controller	O
to	O
perform	O
A/B	O
roll	O
linear	O
video	O
editing	O
(	O
LE	O
)	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
Toaster	O
serves	O
merely	O
as	O
a	O
switcher	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
triggered	O
through	O
general-purpose	B-Architecture
input/output	I-Architecture
(	O
GPIO	B-Architecture
)	O
to	O
switch	O
on	O
cue	O
in	O
such	O
a	O
configuration	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
Toaster	O
has	O
no	O
edit-controlling	O
capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Internal	O
cards	O
and	O
software	O
from	O
other	O
manufacturers	O
are	O
available	O
to	O
control	O
VTRs	O
;	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
systems	O
go	O
through	O
the	O
serial	O
port	O
to	O
provide	O
single-frame	O
control	O
of	O
a	O
VTR	O
as	O
a	O
capture	O
device	O
for	O
LightWave	B-Device
animations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
Non-linear	O
editing	O
system	O
(	O
NLE	O
)	O
product	O
was	O
added	O
later	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
invention	O
of	O
the	O
Video	B-Device
Toaster	I-Device
Flyer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
initially	O
offered	O
as	O
just	O
an	O
add-on	O
to	O
an	O
Amiga	B-Device
,	O
the	O
Video	B-Device
Toaster	I-Device
was	O
soon	O
available	O
as	O
a	O
complete	O
turn-key	O
system	O
that	O
included	O
the	O
Toaster	O
,	O
Amiga	B-Device
,	O
and	O
sync	O
generator	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
such	O
,	O
during	O
the	O
early	O
1990s	O
the	O
Toaster	O
was	O
widely	O
used	O
by	O
consumer	O
Amiga	B-Device
owners	O
,	O
desktop	O
video	O
enthusiasts	O
,	O
and	O
local	O
television	O
studios	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
even	O
used	O
during	O
The	O
Tonight	O
Show	O
regularly	O
to	O
produce	O
special	O
effects	O
for	O
comedy	O
skits	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
NBC	O
television	O
network	O
also	O
used	O
the	O
Video	B-Device
Toaster	I-Device
with	O
LightWave	B-Device
for	O
its	O
promotional	O
campaigns	O
,	O
beginning	O
with	O
the	O
1990-1991	O
broadcast	O
season	O
(	O
"	O
NBC	O
:	O
The	O
Place	O
To	O
Be	O
!	O
"	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
of	O
the	O
external	O
submarine	O
shots	O
in	O
the	O
TV	O
series	O
seaQuest	B-Application
DSV	I-Application
were	O
created	O
using	O
LightWave	B-Device
3D	I-Device
,	O
as	O
were	O
the	O
outer-space	O
scenes	O
in	O
the	O
TV	O
series	O
Babylon	O
5	O
(	O
although	O
Amiga	B-Device
hardware	B-Architecture
was	O
only	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
three	O
seasons	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
of	O
the	O
heavy	O
use	O
of	O
dark	O
blues	O
and	O
greens	O
(	O
for	O
which	O
the	O
NTSC	O
television	O
standard	O
is	O
weak	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
external	O
submarine	O
shots	O
in	O
seaQuest	B-Application
DSV	I-Application
could	O
not	O
have	O
made	O
it	O
to	O
air	O
without	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
ASDG	O
Abekas	O
driver	O
,	O
written	O
specifically	O
to	O
solve	O
this	O
problem	O
by	O
Aaron	O
Avery	O
at	O
ASDG	O
(	O
later	O
Elastic	B-Device
Reality	I-Device
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
updated	O
version	O
called	O
was	O
later	O
released	O
,	O
using	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
4000	I-Device
's	O
video	O
slot	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Amiga	B-Device
Video	B-Device
Toaster	I-Device
4000	O
source	O
code	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
2004	O
by	O
NewTek	O
&	O
DiscreetFX	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
the	O
second	O
generation	O
NewTek	O
introduced	O
the	O
Video	B-Device
Toaster	I-Device
Flyer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
just	O
processing	O
live	O
video	O
signals	O
,	O
the	O
Flyer	O
makes	O
use	O
of	O
hard	B-Device
drives	I-Device
to	O
store	O
video	O
clips	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
audio	O
and	O
allow	O
complex	O
scripted	O
playback	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
hardware	B-Architecture
component	O
is	O
again	O
a	O
card	O
designed	O
for	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
's	O
Zorro	B-Device
II	I-Device
expansion	B-Device
slot	I-Device
,	O
and	O
was	O
primarily	O
designed	O
by	O
Charles	O
Steinkuehler	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Flyer	O
portion	O
of	O
the	O
Video	O
Toaster/Flyer	O
combination	O
is	O
a	O
complete	O
computer	O
of	O
its	O
own	O
,	O
having	O
its	O
own	O
microprocessor	B-Architecture
and	O
embedded	B-Application
software	I-Application
,	O
which	O
was	O
written	O
by	O
Marty	O
Flickinger	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
hardware	B-Architecture
includes	O
three	O
embedded	O
SCSI	B-Architecture
controllers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
of	O
these	O
SCSI	B-Architecture
buses	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
store	O
video	O
data	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
third	O
to	O
store	O
audio	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
hard	B-Device
drives	I-Device
are	O
thus	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
Flyer	O
directly	O
and	O
use	O
a	O
proprietary	O
filesystem	O
layout	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
being	O
connected	O
to	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
's	O
buses	O
and	O
were	O
available	O
as	O
regular	O
devices	O
using	O
the	O
included	O
DOS	B-Device
driver	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Flyer	O
uses	O
a	O
proprietary	O
wavelet	O
compression	O
algorithm	O
known	O
as	O
VTASC	O
,	O
which	O
was	O
well-regarded	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
for	O
offering	O
better	O
visual	O
quality	O
than	O
comparable	O
motion-JPEG-based	O
nonlinear	O
editing	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
card	O
's	O
primary	O
uses	O
is	O
for	O
playing	O
back	O
LightWave	B-Device
3D	I-Device
animations	I-Device
created	O
in	O
the	O
Toaster	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1993	O
,	O
NewTek	O
announced	O
the	O
Video	B-Device
Toaster	I-Device
Screamer	O
,	O
a	O
parallel	O
extension	O
to	O
the	O
Toaster	O
built	O
by	O
DeskStation	O
Technology	O
,	O
with	O
four	O
motherboards	O
,	O
each	O
with	O
a	O
MIPS	O
R4400	B-General_Concept
CPU	O
running	O
at	O
and	O
of	O
RAM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Screamer	O
accelerated	O
the	O
rendering	O
of	O
animations	O
developed	O
using	O
the	O
Toaster	O
's	O
bundled	O
Lightwave	B-Device
3D	I-Device
software	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
supposedly	O
40	O
times	O
as	O
powerful	O
as	O
a	O
Toaster	O
4000	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
generations	O
of	O
the	O
product	O
run	O
on	O
Windows	B-Device
NT	I-Device
PCs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2004	O
,	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
for	O
the	O
Amiga	B-Device
version	O
was	O
publicly	O
released	O
and	O
hosted	O
on	O
DiscreetFX	O
's	O
site	O
Open	O
Video	B-Device
Toaster	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
additions	O
of	O
packages	O
such	O
as	O
DiscreetFX	O
's	O
Millennium	O
and	O
thousands	O
of	O
wipes	O
and	O
backgrounds	O
added	O
over	O
the	O
years	O
,	O
one	O
can	O
still	O
find	O
the	O
Video	B-Device
Toaster	I-Device
system	O
in	O
use	O
today	O
in	O
fully	O
professional	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
VT[4]	O
version	O
4.6	O
,	O
SDI	B-Protocol
switching	O
is	O
supported	O
through	O
an	O
add-on	O
called	O
SX-SDI	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
NewTek	O
released	O
a	O
spin-off	O
product	O
,	O
known	O
as	O
the	O
TriCaster	B-Device
,	O
a	O
portable	O
live-production	O
,	O
live-projection	O
,	O
live-streaming	O
,	O
and	O
NLE	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
TriCaster	B-Device
packages	O
the	O
VT	O
system	O
as	O
a	O
turnkey	O
solution	O
in	O
a	O
custom-designed	O
portable	O
PC	O
case	O
with	O
video	O
,	O
audio	O
and	O
remote	O
computer	O
inputs	O
and	O
outputs	O
on	O
the	O
front	O
and	O
back	O
of	O
the	O
case	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
April	O
2008	O
,	O
four	O
versions	O
are	O
in	O
production	O
:	O
the	O
basic	O
TriCaster	B-Device
2.0	O
,	O
TriCaster	B-Device
PRO	O
2.0	O
,	O
TriCaster	B-Device
STUDIO	O
2.0	O
and	O
the	O
new	O
TriCaster	B-Device
BROADCAST	O
,	O
the	O
latter	O
of	O
which	O
adds	O
SDI	B-Protocol
and	O
AES-EBU	O
connectivity	O
plus	O
a	O
preview	O
output	O
capability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
TriCasterPRO	O
FX	O
,	O
a	O
model	O
that	O
was	O
situated	O
in	O
line	O
between	O
the	O
original	O
TriCaster	B-Device
PRO	O
and	O
TriCaster	B-Device
STUDIO	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
early	O
2008	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
now	O
been	O
discontinued	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
feature	O
set	O
has	O
been	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
new	O
TriCaster	B-Device
PRO	O
2.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TriCaster	B-Device
STUDIO	O
2.0	O
and	O
TriCaster	B-Device
BROADCAST	O
use	O
successively	O
larger	O
cases	O
than	O
the	O
base	O
model	O
TriCaster	B-Device
2.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
units	O
within	O
the	O
product	O
line	O
above	O
the	O
base-model	O
TriCaster	B-Device
2.0	O
enables	O
use	O
of	O
LiveSet	O
3D	O
Live	O
Virtual	O
Set	O
technology	O
developed	O
by	O
NewTek	O
,	O
that	O
replaces	O
tens	O
of	O
thousands	O
of	O
U.S.	O
dollars	O
worth	O
of	O
conventional	O
3D	O
virtual	O
set	O
equipment	O
alone	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
also	O
found	O
in	O
NewTek	O
's	O
venerable	O
VT[5]	O
Integrated	O
Production	O
Suite	O
,	O
the	O
modern-day	O
successor	O
to	O
the	O
original	O
Video	B-Device
Toaster	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
late	O
2009	O
,	O
NewTek	O
released	O
its	O
high	O
definition	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
TriCaster	B-Device
,	O
called	O
the	O
TriCaster	B-Device
XD300	O
,	O
a	O
three-input	O
HD	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
2009	O
,	O
the	O
Video	B-Device
Toaster	I-Device
started	O
to	O
receive	O
less	O
attention	O
from	O
NewTek	O
in	O
the	O
run-up	O
to	O
the	O
transition	O
to	O
HD	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2010	O
,	O
the	O
discontinuation	O
of	O
VT[5]	O
was	O
announced	O
,	O
marking	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
Video	B-Device
Toaster	I-Device
as	O
a	O
stand-alone	O
product	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TriCaster	B-Device
systems	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
VT	O
platform	O
were	O
still	O
made	O
up	O
until	O
August	O
2012	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
TriCaster	B-Device
STUDIO	O
was	O
replaced	O
by	O
the	O
TriCaster	B-Device
40	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
officially	O
marked	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
Video	B-Device
Toaster	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
ToasterCG	B-Device
is	O
the	O
character	O
generation	O
program	O
inside	O
Video	B-Device
Toaster	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
ToasterEdit	B-Device
is	O
a	O
video-editing	O
subprogram	O
inside	O
of	O
Video	B-Device
Toaster	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
ToasterPaint	O
is	O
a	O
digital	O
painting	O
subprogram	O
inside	O
of	O
Video	B-Device
Toaster	I-Device
.	O
</s>
