<s>
Versant	B-Application
Object	I-Application
Database	I-Application
(	O
VOD	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
object	B-Application
database	I-Application
software	O
product	O
developed	O
by	O
Versant	O
Corporation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Versant	B-Application
Object	I-Application
Database	I-Application
enables	O
developers	O
using	O
object	B-Language
oriented	I-Language
languages	I-Language
to	O
transactionally	B-General_Concept
store	O
their	O
information	O
by	O
allowing	O
the	O
respective	O
language	O
to	O
act	O
as	O
the	O
Data	B-Language
Definition	I-Language
Language	I-Language
(	O
DDL	O
)	O
for	O
the	O
database	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
the	O
memory	B-General_Concept
model	I-General_Concept
is	O
the	O
database	B-Application
schema	I-Application
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
general	O
,	O
persistence	B-Application
in	O
VOD	O
in	O
implemented	O
by	O
declaring	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
classes	O
,	O
then	O
providing	O
a	O
transaction	O
demarcation	O
application	B-Application
programming	I-Application
interface	I-Application
to	O
use	O
cases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additional	O
APIs	B-General_Concept
exist	O
,	O
beyond	O
simple	O
transaction	O
demarcation	O
,	O
providing	O
for	O
the	O
more	O
advanced	O
capabilities	O
necessary	O
to	O
address	O
practical	O
issues	O
found	O
when	O
dealing	O
with	O
performance	O
optimization	O
and	O
scalability	O
for	O
systems	O
with	O
large	O
amounts	O
of	O
data	O
,	O
many	O
concurrent	B-License
users	I-License
,	O
network	B-Protocol
latency	I-Protocol
,	O
disk	O
bottlenecks	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Versant	O
Corporation	O
was	O
an	O
American-based	O
software	O
company	O
building	O
specialized	O
NoSQL	B-General_Concept
data	O
management	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ong	O
previously	O
worked	O
with	O
the	O
open-source	O
relational	O
database	O
management	O
system	O
Ingres	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Around	O
this	O
time	O
object-oriented	B-Language
programming	I-Language
(	O
OO	O
)	O
became	O
popular	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
company	O
used	O
research	O
done	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Wisconsin	O
for	O
a	O
commercial	O
database	O
system	O
to	O
complement	O
OO	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
December	O
1	O
,	O
2008	O
Versant	O
acquired	O
the	O
assets	O
of	O
the	O
database	O
software	O
business	O
of	O
Servo	O
Software	O
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
(	O
formerly	O
named	O
db4objects	B-Language
,	O
Inc	O
.	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
developed	O
the	O
open	O
source	O
embedded	B-Application
database	I-Application
technology	O
db4o	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
implementation	O
of	O
Versant	O
was	O
targeted	O
at	O
C	B-Language
,	O
C++	B-Language
and	O
Smalltalk	B-Application
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1995	O
Versant	O
introduced	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
programming	I-Language
language	I-Language
and	O
then	O
in	O
2009	O
for	O
C#	B-Application
and	O
the	O
.NET	B-Application
platform	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2012	O
Versant	O
introduced	O
Versant	O
JPA	B-Language
,	O
a	O
Java	B-Language
Persistence	I-Language
API	I-Language
2.0	O
compliant	O
interface	O
for	O
its	O
object	B-Application
database	I-Application
,	O
with	O
a	O
technical	O
preview	O
of	O
an	O
analytics	O
product	O
including	O
Apache	B-Application
Hadoop	I-Application
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
late	O
2012	O
,	O
after	O
rejecting	O
an	O
offer	O
by	O
UNICOM	O
Systems	O
Inc.	O
,	O
Versant	O
Corporation	O
announced	O
it	O
was	O
being	O
acquired	O
by	O
Actian	O
Corporation	O
,	O
the	O
commercial	O
developer	O
of	O
Ingres	B-Application
and	O
the	O
relational	O
database	O
,	O
Vectorwise	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
acquisition	O
was	O
promoted	O
using	O
the	O
marketing	O
term	O
big	B-Application
data	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
than	O
Versant	B-Application
Object	I-Application
Database	I-Application
,	O
Versant	O
marketed	O
two	O
other	O
commercial	O
object-oriented	B-Application
database	I-Application
management	I-Application
systems	I-Application
(	O
OODBMS	B-Application
)	O
,	O
“	O
Versant	O
JPA	B-Language
,	O
”	O
and	O
"	O
Versant	O
FastObjects	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
Versant	O
offers	O
the	O
open-source	O
database	O
"	O
db4o	B-Language
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Versant	O
JPA	B-Language
is	O
a	O
JPA	B-Language
2.0	O
compliant	O
interface	O
for	O
its	O
object	B-Application
database	I-Application
that	O
includes	O
a	O
technical	O
preview	O
of	O
an	O
analytics	O
platform	O
including	O
Hadoop	B-Application
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
available	O
as	O
a	O
server	O
and	O
SDK	O
for	O
use	O
with	O
Windows	O
and	O
Linux	B-Application
operating	I-Application
systems	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
Versant	O
FastObjects	O
"	O
is	O
a	O
developer-friendly	O
,	O
object-oriented	B-Language
alternative	O
to	O
a	O
relational	O
database	O
for	O
.NET	B-Application
persistence	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
db4o	B-Language
"	O
is	O
an	O
open	O
source	O
embedded	O
object	B-Application
database	I-Application
for	O
Java	B-Language
and	O
.NET	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
db4o	B-Language
is	O
coded	O
in	O
Java	B-Language
and	O
translated	O
to	O
C#	B-Application
by	O
an	O
open-source	O
tool	O
called	O
Sharpen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Versant	O
marketed	O
products	O
for	O
complex	O
data	O
models	O
,	O
ingesting	O
large	O
amount	O
of	O
data	O
,	O
and	O
large	O
numbers	O
of	O
concurrent	B-License
users	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
Versant	O
is	O
found	O
in	O
applications	O
within	O
industries	O
where	O
those	O
characteristics	O
come	O
into	O
play	O
:	O
global	O
trading	O
platforms	O
for	O
the	O
world	O
’s	O
largest	O
stock	O
exchanges	O
;	O
network	O
management	O
for	O
the	O
world	O
’s	O
largest	O
telecommunications	O
providers	O
;	O
intelligence	O
analytics	O
for	O
defense	O
agencies	O
;	O
reservation	B-Application
systems	I-Application
for	O
the	O
largest	O
airline/hotel	O
companies	O
;	O
risk	O
management	O
analytics	O
for	O
banking	O
and	O
transportation	O
organizations	O
;	O
massive	O
multi-player	O
gaming	O
systems	O
;	O
network	O
security	O
and	O
fraud	O
detection	O
;	O
local	O
number	O
portability	O
;	O
advanced	O
simulations	O
;	O
and	O
social	O
networking	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Primary	O
supported	O
languages	O
are	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
C#	B-Application
and	O
C++	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Versant	O
also	O
has	O
language	O
support	O
for	O
Smalltalk	B-Application
and	O
Python	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
in	O
Java	B-Language
VOD	O
provides	O
VQL	O
(	O
Versant	O
Query	O
Language	O
)	O
,	O
JDOQL	O
,	O
EJB	B-Language
QL	I-Language
and	O
OQL	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
C++	B-Language
Versant	O
provides	O
VQL	O
and	O
OQL	B-Language
,	O
with	O
C#	B-Application
support	O
for	O
VQL	O
,	O
OQL	B-Language
and	O
LINQ	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Versant	O
also	O
has	O
support	O
for	O
standard	O
SQL	B-Language
queries	O
against	O
the	O
Versant	O
database	O
using	O
ODBC/JDBC	O
drivers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
native	O
Versant	O
Query	O
Language	O
(	O
VQL	O
)	O
is	O
similar	O
to	O
SQL92	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
object-oriented	B-Language
elements	O
apply	O
to	O
query	O
processing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VOD	O
is	O
a	O
distributed	B-Operating_System
database	I-Operating_System
:	O
a	O
logical	O
database	O
can	O
be	O
composed	O
of	O
many	O
physical	O
database	O
nodes	O
,	O
with	O
queries	O
are	O
performed	O
in	O
parallel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Versant	O
query	O
support	O
includes	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
core	O
concepts	O
found	O
in	O
relational	O
query	O
languages	O
including	O
:	O
pattern	B-Language
matching	I-Language
,	O
join	O
,	O
set	O
operators	O
,	O
orderby	O
,	O
existence	O
,	O
distinct	O
,	O
projections	O
,	O
numerical	O
expressions	O
,	O
indexing	O
,	O
cursors	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
other	O
OODB	B-Application
implementations	O
,	O
any	O
object	O
in	O
a	O
Versant	O
database	O
is	O
indexable	O
and	O
accessible	O
via	O
query	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Indexes	O
can	O
be	O
hash	B-Algorithm
,	O
b-tree	B-Architecture
,	O
unique	O
,	O
compound	O
,	O
virtual	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
created	O
online	O
either	O
using	O
a	O
utility	O
,	O
via	O
a	O
graphical	O
user	O
interface	O
or	O
via	O
an	O
API	B-General_Concept
call	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
C++	B-Language
Standard	B-Application
Template	I-Application
Library	I-Application
,	O
Java	B-Language
iterators	O
,	O
C#	B-Application
enumerables	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
could	O
be	O
a	O
distributed	B-Operating_System
database	I-Operating_System
so	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
many	O
buddy	O
pairs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
extreme	O
failure	O
,	O
like	O
a	O
broken	O
disk	O
drive	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
the	O
replicated	O
node	O
can	O
be	O
recreated	O
from	O
an	O
online	B-General_Concept
backup	I-General_Concept
of	O
the	O
live	O
node	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Simply	O
install	O
a	O
new	O
disk	O
drive	O
,	O
take	O
an	O
online	B-General_Concept
backup	I-General_Concept
of	O
the	O
live	O
node	O
,	O
restore	O
on	O
the	O
failed	O
machine	O
,	O
start	O
the	O
monitor	O
to	O
sync	O
the	O
last	O
few	O
transactions	O
and	O
restore	O
full	O
replication	O
at	O
clients	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Distribution	O
is	O
handled	O
using	O
Versant	O
Asynchronous	O
Replication	O
(	O
VAR	O
)	O
,	O
a	O
channel	O
driven	O
,	O
master/slave	B-Operating_System
or	O
peer-to-peer	O
replication	O
framework	O
with	O
rule	O
based	O
conflict	O
detection	O
and	O
resolution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
channels	O
provide	O
both	O
persistence	B-Application
and	O
reliable	O
messaging	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
can	O
connect	O
to	O
both	O
relational	O
and	O
Versant	O
databases	O
using	O
ORM	B-General_Concept
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VOD	O
handles	O
distributed	O
data	O
processing	O
using	O
a	O
distributed	O
two-phase	B-General_Concept
commit	I-General_Concept
protocol	I-General_Concept
across	O
multiply	O
connected	O
databases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Versant	O
also	O
supports	O
the	O
XA	O
protocol	O
allowing	O
external	O
transaction	O
monitors	O
to	O
control	O
the	O
transactional	O
context	O
,	O
so	O
for	O
example	O
plug	O
into	O
a	O
CORBA	B-Architecture
or	O
J2EE	B-Language
application	O
server	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Schema	B-Application
evolution	I-Application
is	O
handled	O
via	O
a	O
normal	O
update	O
of	O
the	O
application	O
's	O
class	O
models	O
and	O
then	O
applying	O
those	O
changes	O
to	O
the	O
operational	O
database	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Those	O
schema	B-Application
changes	O
can	O
be	O
applied	O
to	O
an	O
existing	O
database	O
either	O
via	O
a	O
utility	O
or	O
API	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
result	O
is	O
a	O
versioning	B-Architecture
of	O
the	O
database	B-Application
schema	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Existing	O
objects	O
in	O
the	O
database	O
are	O
lazily	O
evolved	O
to	O
the	O
latest	O
schema	B-Application
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
general	O
this	O
means	O
an	O
application	O
with	O
the	O
new	O
schema	B-Application
will	O
not	O
cause	O
evolution	O
,	O
except	O
for	O
new	O
and	O
updated	O
objects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
most	O
cases	O
,	O
older	O
clients	O
get	O
patch	O
updates	O
with	O
the	O
new	O
schema	B-Application
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
updates	O
to	O
the	O
server	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
clients	O
schema	B-Application
version	O
is	O
in	O
sync	O
with	O
the	O
database	O
server	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Versant	O
’s	O
loose	O
schema	B-General_Concept
mapping	I-General_Concept
facility	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
enabled	O
by	O
a	O
flag	O
in	O
the	O
client	O
so	O
that	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
complain	O
about	O
a	O
mismatch	O
in	O
schema	B-Application
version	O
and	O
instead	O
filters	O
the	O
incoming	O
objects	O
to	O
match	O
the	O
old	O
schema	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
application	O
connects	O
to	O
a	O
Versant	O
database	O
,	O
a	O
schema	B-Application
version	O
mismatch	O
will	O
be	O
detected	O
and	O
you	O
would	O
normally	O
get	O
an	O
error	O
unless	O
you	O
take	O
some	O
action	O
to	O
avoid	O
the	O
mismatch	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
schema	B-Application
mismatch	O
can	O
be	O
avoided	O
using	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
techniques	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
a	O
utility	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
describe	O
the	O
new	O
schema	B-Application
to	O
the	O
database	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Regardless	O
,	O
actions	O
like	O
dropping	O
the	O
existing	O
class	O
,	O
evolving	O
the	O
schema	B-Application
version	O
and	O
keeping	O
all	O
existing	O
objects	O
,	O
rename	O
and	O
retype	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
are	O
also	O
possible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
normally	O
used	O
in	O
development	O
mode	O
and	O
allows	O
the	O
schema	B-Application
to	O
automatically	O
evolve	O
any	O
mismatches	O
on	O
connect	O
and	O
continue	O
preserving	O
the	O
existing	O
objects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
specific	O
API	B-General_Concept
’s	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
dynamically	O
evolve	O
the	O
database	B-Application
schema	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Basically	O
,	O
you	O
can	O
create	O
completely	O
dynamic	O
schema	B-Application
structure	O
for	O
the	O
database	O
so	O
that	O
new	O
classes	O
and	O
attributes	O
can	O
be	O
created	O
on	O
the	O
fly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
clients	O
with	O
the	O
older	O
schema	B-Application
continue	O
to	O
operate	O
on	O
the	O
database	O
,	O
loose_schema_mapping	O
in	O
the	O
application	O
profile	O
file	O
should	O
be	O
set	O
to	O
true	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
general	O
guidelines	O
for	O
schema	B-Application
evolution	I-Application
are	O
that	O
any	O
schema	B-Application
changes	O
can	O
be	O
made	O
and	O
existing	O
instances	O
preserved	O
,	O
without	O
having	O
to	O
write	O
custom	O
evolution	O
code	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
exception	O
of	O
two	O
things	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
possibilities	O
include	O
API	B-General_Concept
calls	O
that	O
result	O
in	O
explicit	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
object	O
,	O
like	O
a	O
call	O
to	O
refresh	O
or	O
a	O
call	O
to	O
release	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
API	B-General_Concept
’s	O
to	O
explicitly	O
load	O
objects	O
into	O
cache	O
and	O
set	O
higher	O
lock	O
levels	O
than	O
the	O
connection	O
defaults	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
users	O
of	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
Versant	O
requires	O
that	O
the	O
uppermost	O
class	O
in	O
an	O
inheritance	O
hierarchy	O
inherit	O
from	O
a	O
base	O
class	O
"	O
PObject	O
"	O
,	O
which	O
handles	O
database	O
activities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Then	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
file	O
setup	O
,	O
schema.imp	O
,	O
that	O
declares	O
which	O
classes	O
in	O
the	O
model	O
are	O
to	O
be	O
made	O
persistent	O
and	O
that	O
file	O
is	O
used	O
in	O
a	O
pre-compilation	O
phase	O
where	O
Versant	O
's	O
necessary	O
magic	O
is	O
added	O
to	O
the	O
persistent	O
classes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Finally	O
,	O
the	O
resulting	O
schema.cxx	O
file	O
is	O
compiled	O
and	O
linked	O
with	O
the	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
using	O
Java	B-Language
or	O
.NET	B-Application
,	O
this	O
same	O
procedure	O
described	O
above	O
with	O
C++	B-Language
is	O
accomplished	O
using	O
post-processing	O
byte	O
code	O
enhancement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
sets	O
up	O
a	O
file	O
that	O
declares	O
which	O
classes	O
are	O
to	O
be	O
persistent	O
and	O
then	O
uses	O
a	O
utility	O
,	O
or	O
API	B-General_Concept
,	O
or	O
IDE	O
integration	O
to	O
enhance	O
the	O
classes	O
before	O
running	O
or	O
debugging	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Versant	O
provides	O
other	O
Java	B-Language
APIs	B-General_Concept
based	O
on	O
standards	O
JDO	B-Language
and	O
JPA	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
those	O
versions	O
of	O
the	O
API	B-General_Concept
,	O
the	O
system	O
adheres	O
to	O
the	O
standards	O
defined	O
for	O
declaring	O
persistence	B-Application
whether	O
it	O
be	O
some	O
kind	O
of	O
XML	B-Protocol
or	O
annotation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Enhancement	O
is	O
then	O
done	O
using	O
a	O
utility	O
(	O
similarly	O
with	O
.NET	B-Application
)	O
or	O
more	O
commonly	O
with	O
Eclipse	O
plug-in	B-Application
or	O
Microsoft	O
Visual	O
Studio	O
integration	O
during	O
the	O
build	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
interaction	O
with	O
the	O
relational	O
tables	O
can	O
take	O
many	O
forms	O
from	O
custom	O
code	O
to	O
ORM	B-General_Concept
solutions	O
to	O
J2EE	B-Language
application	O
servers	O
(	O
Entity	O
Relationship	O
Modeling	O
)	O
to	O
message	O
passing	O
to	O
ORBs	B-General_Concept
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
XA	O
API	B-General_Concept
allows	O
the	O
Versant	O
database	O
to	O
act	O
as	O
a	O
resource	O
controlled	O
by	O
an	O
external	O
transaction	O
monitor	O
coordinating	O
changes	O
to	O
both	O
Versant	O
and	O
relational	O
databases	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
transactional	O
context	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Versant	O
can	O
interact	O
with	O
relational	O
databases	O
using	O
Java	B-Language
ORM	B-General_Concept
technology	O
such	O
as	O
JDO	B-Language
(	O
Java	B-Language
Data	I-Language
Objects	I-Language
)	O
and	O
Hibernate	B-Library
JPA	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Versant	O
does	O
not	O
support	O
the	O
ORM	B-General_Concept
form	O
of	O
application	O
identity	O
in	O
anything	O
other	O
than	O
a	O
disconnected	O
data	O
form	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Versant	O
has	O
tools	O
that	O
enable	O
the	O
import	O
and	O
export	O
of	O
XML	B-Protocol
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
batch	O
based	O
replication	O
of	O
data	O
can	O
be	O
accomplished	O
by	O
exporting	O
objects	O
from	O
the	O
Versant	O
database	O
as	O
XML	B-Protocol
,	O
if	O
necessary	O
applying	O
an	O
XSLT	B-Application
transform	O
and	O
then	O
importing	O
into	O
relational	O
tables	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
approach	O
using	O
XML	B-Protocol
is	O
to	O
dynamically	O
replicate	O
information	O
using	O
JAXB	B-Language
which	O
runtime	O
converts	O
objects	O
into	O
and	O
out	O
of	O
an	O
XML	B-Protocol
form	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
JAXB	B-Language
,	O
the	O
Versant	O
database	O
only	O
needs	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
objects	O
rather	O
than	O
importing	O
an	O
XML	B-Protocol
form	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
essence	O
,	O
XML	B-Protocol
coming	O
from	O
relational	O
databases	O
are	O
converted	O
to	O
objects	O
at	O
runtime	O
using	O
JAXB	B-Language
and	O
those	O
objects	O
are	O
then	O
persisted	O
into	O
the	O
Versant	O
database	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
of	O
C++	B-Language
are	O
especially	O
challenged	O
in	O
integrating	O
with	O
relational	O
databases	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
VOD	O
supports	O
the	O
XA	O
protocol	O
and	O
apply	O
that	O
to	O
certain	O
standards	O
based	O
API’	O
such	O
as	O
JDO	B-Language
and	O
JPA	B-Language
which	O
require	O
explicit	O
transaction	O
demarcation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
done	O
by	O
using	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
locks	O
against	O
both	O
schema	B-Application
and	O
instance	O
objects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
architecture	O
,	O
locks	O
are	O
done	O
at	O
the	O
object	O
level	O
so	O
false	O
waits	O
and	O
false	O
deadlocks	B-Operating_System
do	O
not	O
occur	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	O
storage	O
is	O
done	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
or	O
multiple	O
files	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
are	O
supporting	O
files	O
for	O
the	O
logging	B-Application
subsystem	O
(	O
logical	O
and	O
physical	O
log	B-Application
files	I-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
logging	B-Application
files	O
are	O
used	O
for	O
high	O
performance	O
and	O
scalability	O
under	O
concurrent	B-License
user	I-License
loads	O
and	O
for	O
online	O
database	O
backup	O
processes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
,	O
Versant	O
can	O
also	O
run	O
linked	O
and	O
embedded	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
address	O
space	O
as	O
the	O
application	O
process	O
(	O
so	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
also	O
an	O
embedded	B-Application
database	I-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Versant	O
ran	O
the	O
007	O
benchmarks	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
1990s	O
but	O
currently	O
does	O
n’t	O
provide	O
any	O
comparisons	O
because	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
industry	O
benchmarks	O
that	O
make	O
sense	O
for	O
object	B-Application
databases	I-Application
,	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
candidates	O
considered	O
was	O
TPC-E	B-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
was	O
supposed	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
new	O
OLTP	B-General_Concept
standard	O
database	O
benchmark	O
with	O
new	O
complex	O
models	O
aimed	O
at	O
being	O
representative	O
of	O
today	O
’s	O
computing	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
TPC-E	B-General_Concept
is	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
financial	O
trading	O
system	O
model	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
means	O
that	O
when	O
measuring	O
relational	O
access	O
you	O
would	O
not	O
incur	O
any	O
overhead	O
for	O
mapping	O
into	O
a	O
C++	B-Language
object	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
it	O
comes	O
to	O
the	O
object	B-Application
database	I-Application
,	O
you	O
need	O
to	O
now	O
un-map	O
the	O
C++	B-Language
objects	O
into	O
the	O
driver	O
data	O
structures	O
and	O
in	O
doing	O
so	O
,	O
measure	O
the	O
cost	O
of	O
that	O
activity	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
benchmark	O
timings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
this	O
is	O
the	O
opposite	O
of	O
a	O
real	O
world	O
application	O
where	O
people	O
write	O
object	B-Language
oriented	I-Language
applications	O
resulting	O
in	O
object	B-Language
oriented	I-Language
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
TPC-E	B-General_Concept
was	O
written	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
as	O
to	O
exclude	O
the	O
"	O
mapping	O
effect	O
"	O
from	O
the	O
measurements	O
,	O
which	O
by	O
the	O
very	O
nature	O
of	O
how	O
an	O
object	B-Application
database	I-Application
works	O
means	O
the	O
TPC-E	B-General_Concept
was	O
written	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
forces	O
measurement	O
of	O
an	O
"	O
un-mapping	O
effect	O
"	O
,	O
an	O
activity	O
which	O
does	O
not	O
occur	O
in	O
a	O
real	O
world	O
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
with	O
TPC-E	B-General_Concept
,	O
the	O
true	O
cost	O
of	O
computing	O
is	O
removed	O
for	O
relational	O
and	O
even	O
worse	O
added	O
to	O
object	B-Application
databases	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Versant	O
provides	O
add-on	B-Application
modules	O
for	O
deployment	O
or	O
access	O
to	O
its	O
Object	B-Application
Database	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
V/Management	O
Center	O
:	O
V/MC	O
delivers	O
real-time	O
views	O
of	O
performance	O
data	O
and	O
analytical	O
information	O
about	O
the	O
Versant	B-Application
Object	I-Application
Database	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
's	O
designed	O
as	O
an	O
Eclipse-based	O
RCP	B-Architecture
client	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Versant	O
SQL	B-Language
:	O
SQL	B-Language
Access	O
&	O
Reporting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Usually	O
the	O
"	O
best	O
kind	O
of	O
application	O
"	O
to	O
use	O
a	O
Versant	O
database	O
are	O
those	O
applications	O
requiring	O
an	O
application	O
specific	O
database	O
of	O
an	O
online	B-General_Concept
transaction	I-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
nature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
certain	O
application	O
characteristics	O
where	O
Versant	O
technology	O
provides	O
better	O
performance	O
and	O
scalability	O
than	O
traditional	O
relational	O
technology	O
:	O
complex	O
models	O
,	O
large	O
amount	O
of	O
data	O
,	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
concurrent	B-License
users	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
VOD	O
was	O
used	O
applications	O
such	O
as	O
:	O
global	O
trading	O
platforms	O
for	O
large	O
stock	O
exchanges	O
,	O
network	O
management	O
for	O
large	O
telecommunications	O
providers	O
,	O
intelligence	O
analytics	O
for	O
defense	O
agencies	O
,	O
reservation	B-Application
systems	I-Application
for	O
large	O
airline/hotel	O
companies	O
,	O
risk	O
management	O
analytics	O
for	O
banking	O
and	O
transportation	O
organizations	O
,	O
massively	B-Application
multiplayer	I-Application
online	I-Application
game	I-Application
systems	O
,	O
network	O
security	O
and	O
fraud	O
detection	O
,	O
local	O
number	O
portability	O
,	O
advanced	O
simulations	O
and	O
social	O
networking	O
.	O
</s>
