<s>
The	O
term	O
venous	B-Algorithm
translucence	I-Algorithm
(	O
or	O
translumination	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
used	O
in	O
phlebology	O
since	O
1996	O
by	O
surgeon	O
Pedro	O
Fernandes	O
Neto	O
during	O
ambulatory	O
clinical	O
exams	O
in	O
Brazil	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Venous	B-Algorithm
translucence	I-Algorithm
is	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
reflective	O
image	O
visualization	O
of	O
veins	O
by	O
light	O
,	O
which	O
reaches	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
superficial	O
venous	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Venous	B-Algorithm
translucence	I-Algorithm
is	O
based	O
on	O
optical	O
physics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Therefore	O
,	O
venous	B-Algorithm
translumination	I-Algorithm
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
incidence	O
of	O
luminosity	O
on	O
the	O
vein	O
,	O
where	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
light	O
is	O
absorbed	O
and	O
another	O
reflected	O
(	O
supplying	O
a	O
silhouette	O
of	O
the	O
vein	O
in	O
question	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Steps	O
must	O
be	O
taken	O
to	O
avoid	O
artifacts	O
or	O
luminous	O
pollution	O
during	O
the	O
venous	B-Algorithm
translumination	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
venous	B-Algorithm
translumination	I-Algorithm
,	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
reflected	O
light	O
depends	O
on	O
the	O
index	O
of	O
refraction	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
altered	O
by	O
the	O
venous	O
thrombosis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
aspect	O
is	O
the	O
inability	O
to	O
be	O
obtain	O
useful	O
images	O
with	O
a	O
fiber-optic	B-Architecture
source	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
high	O
irradiation	O
frequency	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
also	O
known	O
that	O
the	O
reflection	O
in	O
an	O
optic	B-Architecture
fiber	I-Architecture
source	O
is	O
initially	O
processed	O
internally	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Considering	O
that	O
aspect	O
,	O
we	O
can	O
deduce	O
that	O
venous	O
blood	O
has	O
a	O
light	O
absorption	O
different	O
from	O
arterial	O
blood	O
(	O
in	O
which	O
sanguine	O
viscosity	B-Application
is	O
greater	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
higher	O
concentration	O
of	O
CO2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
an	O
arterial-venous	O
fistulae	O
is	O
transluminated	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
few	O
reflected	O
images	O
because	O
flow	O
velocity	O
is	O
higher	O
and	O
sanguine	O
viscosity	B-Application
lower	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
venous	O
segment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
histogram	B-Algorithm
represents	O
the	O
graphic	O
visualization	O
of	O
these	O
colors	O
and	O
the	O
luminescence	O
of	O
the	O
obtained	O
images	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
histogram	B-Algorithm
,	O
the	O
intensity	O
of	O
the	O
luminescence	O
is	O
accompanied	O
by	O
a	O
gray	O
baseline	O
that	O
decreases	O
as	O
the	O
source	O
approaches	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
red	O
scale	O
is	O
more	O
intense	O
and	O
is	O
represented	O
by	O
a	O
line	O
in	O
ascension	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
histogram	B-Algorithm
when	O
the	O
selection	O
of	O
a	O
scale	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
green	O
scale	O
)	O
is	O
disabled	O
,	O
the	O
luminescence	O
intensity	O
of	O
captured	O
images	O
may	O
be	O
mapped	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
principles	O
of	O
spectrographic	O
analysis	O
of	O
this	O
test	O
are	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
used	O
to	O
evaluate	O
the	O
luminescence	O
of	O
captured	O
images	O
by	O
venous	B-Algorithm
translumination	I-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
the	O
histogram	B-Algorithm
also	O
evaluates	O
the	O
scales	O
of	O
red	O
,	O
blue	O
and	O
green	O
(	O
RGB	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
why	O
the	O
histogram	B-Algorithm
analysis	O
of	O
transluminated	O
images	O
could	O
define	O
an	O
organic	O
element	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
quality	O
and	O
amount	O
of	O
their	O
components	O
.	O
</s>
