<s>
A	O
vehicle	B-Architecture
bus	I-Architecture
is	O
a	O
specialized	O
internal	O
communications	O
network	O
that	O
interconnects	O
components	O
inside	O
a	O
vehicle	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
automobile	O
,	O
bus	O
,	O
train	O
,	O
industrial	O
or	O
agricultural	O
vehicle	O
,	O
ship	O
,	O
or	O
aircraft	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Special	O
requirements	O
for	O
vehicle	O
control	O
such	O
as	O
assurance	B-Protocol
of	O
message	O
delivery	O
,	O
of	O
non-conflicting	O
messages	O
,	O
of	O
minimum	O
time	O
of	O
delivery	O
,	O
of	O
low	O
cost	O
,	O
and	O
of	O
EMF	O
noise	O
resilience	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
redundant	O
routing	O
and	O
other	O
characteristics	O
mandate	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
less	O
common	O
networking	O
protocols	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Protocols	O
include	O
Controller	B-Protocol
Area	I-Protocol
Network	I-Protocol
(	O
CAN	B-Protocol
)	O
,	O
Local	O
Interconnect	O
Network	O
(	O
LIN	O
)	O
and	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Conventional	O
computer	O
networking	O
technologies	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
Ethernet	O
and	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
)	O
are	O
rarely	O
used	O
,	O
except	O
in	O
aircraft	O
,	O
where	O
implementations	O
of	O
the	O
ARINC	B-Protocol
664	I-Protocol
such	O
as	O
the	O
Avionics	B-Protocol
Full-Duplex	I-Protocol
Switched	I-Protocol
Ethernet	I-Protocol
are	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Aircraft	O
that	O
use	O
AFDX	B-Protocol
include	O
the	O
B787	O
,	O
the	O
A400M	O
and	O
the	O
A380	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Trains	O
commonly	O
use	O
Ethernet	B-Protocol
Consist	I-Protocol
Network	I-Protocol
(	O
ECN	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Typical	O
electronic	O
modules	O
on	O
today	O
's	O
vehicles	O
include	O
the	O
Engine	B-Device
Control	I-Device
Unit	I-Device
(	O
ECU	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
Transmission	O
Control	O
Unit	O
(	O
TCU	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
Anti-lock	O
Braking	O
System	O
(	O
ABS	O
)	O
and	O
body	O
control	O
modules	O
(	O
BCM	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Various	O
actuators	B-Algorithm
are	O
used	O
to	O
enforce	O
the	O
actions	O
determined	O
by	O
the	O
module	O
(	O
turn	O
the	O
cooling	O
fan	O
on	O
,	O
change	O
gear	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Multifunction	O
Vehicle	B-Architecture
Bus	I-Architecture
–	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Train	O
Communication	O
Network	O
IEC	O
61375	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
UAVCAN	B-Protocol
–	O
(	O
Uncomplicated	O
Application-level	O
Vehicular	O
Communication	O
And	O
Networking	O
)	O
mostly	O
used	O
in	O
electric	O
aircraft	O
,	O
drones	O
,	O
satellites	O
,	O
and	O
robotics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
many	O
major	O
car	O
manufacturers	O
use	O
their	O
own	O
proprietary	O
vehicle	B-Architecture
bus	I-Architecture
standards	O
,	O
or	O
overlay	O
proprietary	O
messages	O
over	O
open	O
protocols	O
such	O
as	O
CAN	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Commercial	O
class	O
vehicles	O
have	O
Type-I	O
or	O
Type-II	O
connectors	O
that	O
support	O
CAN	B-Protocol
based	O
communication	O
per	O
the	O
SAE	B-Application
J1939	I-Application
protocol	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
+	O
Vehicle	O
Messaging	O
Protocols	O
Protocol/Version	O
Start/End	O
Year	O
Manufacturer	O
Vehicle	O
Types	O
FlexRay	B-Protocol
2008	O
?	O
</s>
<s>
BMW	O
cars	O
FlexRay	B-Protocol
2008	O
?	O
</s>
<s>
Volkswagen	O
cars	O
FlexRay	B-Protocol
2008	O
?	O
</s>
<s>
Daimler	O
AG	O
cars	O
FlexRay	B-Protocol
—	O
General	O
Motors	O
cars	O
CAN	B-Protocol
1986	O
Bosch	O
many	O
MOST	B-Application
?	O
</s>
