<s>
The	O
Van	B-Algorithm
Hare	I-Algorithm
Effect	I-Algorithm
is	O
a	O
3D	O
stereoscopic	B-Algorithm
viewing	O
technique	O
for	O
creating	O
or	O
enhancing	O
the	O
illusion	O
of	O
depth	O
in	O
an	O
image	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
stereopsis	B-Algorithm
for	O
binocular	B-Algorithm
vision	I-Algorithm
using	O
psychophysical	O
percepts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Van	B-Algorithm
Hare	I-Algorithm
Effect	I-Algorithm
creates	O
the	O
illusion	O
of	O
dimensionality	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
actual	O
dimensionality	O
in	O
the	O
subject	O
being	O
viewed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Van	B-Algorithm
Hare	I-Algorithm
Effect	I-Algorithm
is	O
achieved	O
by	O
employing	O
the	O
stereoscopic	B-Algorithm
cross-eyed	O
viewing	O
technique	O
on	O
a	O
pair	O
of	O
identical	O
images	O
placed	O
side-by-side	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
illusion	O
of	O
depth	O
is	O
interesting	O
in	O
that	O
even	O
if	O
the	O
image	O
pair	O
is	O
not	O
itself	O
originally	O
stereoscopic	B-Algorithm
,	O
the	O
brain	O
perceives	O
it	O
as	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
people	O
can	O
employ	O
the	O
Van	B-Algorithm
Hare	I-Algorithm
Effect	I-Algorithm
but	O
not	O
all	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
reasons	O
for	O
why	O
some	O
people	O
cannot	O
make	O
the	O
Van	B-Algorithm
Hare	I-Algorithm
Effect	I-Algorithm
work	O
for	O
them	O
are	O
unknown	O
and	O
deserve	O
further	O
scientific	O
study	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Van	B-Algorithm
Hare	I-Algorithm
Effect	I-Algorithm
was	O
discovered	O
in	O
2003	O
by	O
the	O
3D	O
theorist	O
,	O
Thomas	O
Van	O
Hare	O
,	O
who	O
also	O
invented	O
three	O
additional	O
fields	O
in	O
stereoscopy	B-Algorithm
--	O
hyperdimensionality	O
,	O
variable	O
dimensionality	O
,	O
and	O
computational	O
dimensionality	O
,	O
aka	O
C3D	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
all	O
developed	O
for	O
military	O
applications	O
with	O
the	O
intended	O
purpose	O
of	O
creating	O
stereoscopic	B-Algorithm
output	O
from	O
single	O
camera	O
drones	O
for	O
improved	O
interpretation	O
of	O
reconnaissance	O
imagery	O
and	O
capture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Why	O
the	O
Van	B-Algorithm
Hare	I-Algorithm
Effect	I-Algorithm
works	O
remains	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
conjecture	O
,	O
although	O
it	O
is	O
clearly	O
the	O
brain	O
itself	O
that	O
creates	O
the	O
impression	O
of	O
depth	O
perception	O
even	O
where	O
there	O
is	O
none	O
in	O
the	O
image	O
pair	O
being	O
viewed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
brain	O
appears	O
to	O
be	O
"	O
trained	O
"	O
to	O
view	O
images	O
in	O
3D	O
as	O
a	O
general	O
rule	O
,	O
even	O
when	O
very	O
limited	O
or	O
no	O
stereoscopic	B-Algorithm
data	O
is	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
,	O
the	O
Van	B-Algorithm
Hare	I-Algorithm
Effect	I-Algorithm
creates	O
the	O
artificial	O
impression	O
of	O
3D	O
viewing	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
brain	O
's	O
own	O
past	O
experience	O
in	O
interpreting	O
objects	O
,	O
shapes	O
and	O
people	O
,	O
drawing	O
on	O
past	O
visual	O
experiences	O
and	O
knowledge	O
of	O
the	O
perception	O
of	O
similar	O
forms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Pulfrich	B-Algorithm
effect	I-Algorithm
may	O
likewise	O
be	O
partly	O
explained	O
in	O
this	O
manner	O
,	O
though	O
the	O
actual	O
temporal	O
changes	O
from	O
frame	O
to	O
frame	O
in	O
the	O
films	O
prepared	O
for	O
viewing	O
with	O
the	O
Pulfrich	B-Algorithm
effect	I-Algorithm
do	O
in	O
fact	O
provide	O
some	O
dimensional	O
information	O
to	O
the	O
brain	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
even	O
where	O
no	O
temporal	O
changes	O
are	O
evident	O
in	O
objects	O
in	O
the	O
films	O
being	O
viewed	O
with	O
the	O
Pulfrich	B-Algorithm
effect	I-Algorithm
,	O
the	O
brain	O
appears	O
to	O
apply	O
some	O
depth	O
perception	O
to	O
those	O
areas	O
of	O
the	O
film	O
anyway	O
,	O
as	O
if	O
artificially	O
compensating	O
in	O
a	O
manner	O
that	O
inserts	O
dimensional	O
data	O
where	O
no	O
stereoscopic-like	O
changes	O
are	O
actually	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
may	O
be	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
same	O
processes	O
in	O
the	O
brain	O
that	O
produce	O
the	O
Van	B-Algorithm
Hare	I-Algorithm
Effect	I-Algorithm
.	I-Algorithm
</s>
<s>
The	O
Van	B-Algorithm
Hare	I-Algorithm
Effect	I-Algorithm
may	O
also	O
result	O
partly	O
from	O
the	O
brain	O
's	O
ability	O
to	O
discern	O
dimensional	O
information	O
from	O
changes	O
in	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
objects	O
or	O
in	O
the	O
varying	O
definition	O
of	O
textures	O
within	O
the	O
image	O
due	O
to	O
changes	O
in	O
resolution	O
at	O
a	O
distance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
may	O
be	O
that	O
once	O
the	O
Van	B-Algorithm
Hare	I-Algorithm
Effect	I-Algorithm
is	O
applied	O
,	O
these	O
clues	O
within	O
the	O
images	O
are	O
more	O
easily	O
recognized	O
and	O
discerned	O
by	O
the	O
brain	O
and	O
optic	O
center	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Van	B-Algorithm
Hare	I-Algorithm
Effect	I-Algorithm
may	O
also	O
be	O
more	O
readily	O
apparent	O
or	O
magnified	O
to	O
those	O
who	O
have	O
used	O
the	O
cross-eyed	O
viewing	O
technique	O
in	O
the	O
past	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
the	O
viewer	O
is	O
accustomed	O
to	O
looking	O
at	O
stereoscopic	B-Algorithm
image	I-Algorithm
pairs	O
without	O
a	O
viewer	O
and	O
by	O
using	O
the	O
cross-eyed	O
viewing	O
technique	O
,	O
the	O
viewer	O
may	O
have	O
further	O
trained	O
their	O
brain	O
in	O
a	O
manner	O
that	O
enhances	O
the	O
Van	B-Algorithm
Hare	I-Algorithm
Effect	I-Algorithm
.	I-Algorithm
</s>
<s>
The	O
knowledge	O
of	O
visual	O
interpretation	O
from	O
the	O
cross-eyed	O
technique	O
then	O
is	O
more	O
readily	O
applied	O
when	O
viewing	O
identical	O
image	O
pairs	O
instead	O
of	O
stereoscopic	B-Algorithm
image	I-Algorithm
pairs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
pair	O
of	O
identical	O
images	O
are	O
then	O
viewed	O
with	O
the	O
cross-eyed	O
viewing	O
method	O
,	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
one	O
would	O
use	O
in	O
interpreting	O
stereoscopic	B-Algorithm
image	I-Algorithm
pairs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
No	O
special	O
glasses	O
,	O
filters	O
,	O
colored	O
lens	O
or	O
other	O
apparatus	O
are	O
required	O
to	O
employ	O
the	O
Van	B-Algorithm
Hare	I-Algorithm
Effect	I-Algorithm
.	I-Algorithm
</s>
<s>
Simply	O
by	O
utilizing	O
the	O
cross-eyed	O
viewing	O
technique	O
,	O
the	O
resulting	O
pair	O
of	O
identical	O
images	O
are	O
seen	O
in	O
three-dimensions	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
there	O
are	O
no	O
stereoscopic	B-Algorithm
differences	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
interstitial	O
distance	O
included	O
in	O
the	O
image	O
being	O
viewed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
cross-eyed	O
viewing	O
method	O
,	O
in	O
traditional	O
stereoscopy	B-Algorithm
,	O
swaps	O
the	O
left	O
and	O
right	O
eye	O
images	O
so	O
that	O
they	O
will	O
be	O
correctly	O
seen	O
cross-eyed	O
,	O
the	O
left	O
eye	O
viewing	O
the	O
image	O
on	O
the	O
right	O
and	O
vice	O
versa	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
videos	O
with	O
the	O
artificial	O
depth	O
implied	O
by	O
the	O
Van	B-Algorithm
Hare	I-Algorithm
Effect	I-Algorithm
,	O
the	O
viewer	O
plays	O
the	O
same	O
video	O
side-by-side	O
,	O
as	O
above	O
,	O
and	O
views	O
it	O
with	O
the	O
cross-eyed	O
viewing	O
technique	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
the	O
viewer	O
focuses	O
on	O
the	O
middle	O
of	O
the	O
three	O
images	O
,	O
it	O
will	O
come	O
into	O
focus	O
as	O
stereoscopic	B-Algorithm
,	O
without	O
any	O
viewing	O
apparatus	O
or	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
finger	O
to	O
get	O
the	O
eyes	O
correctly	O
focused	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Beyond	O
creating	O
an	O
artificial	O
3D	O
effect	O
from	O
regular	O
photographs	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
other	O
uses	O
for	O
the	O
Van	B-Algorithm
Hare	I-Algorithm
Effect	I-Algorithm
,	O
including	O
the	O
following	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Converting	O
2D	O
Images	O
to	O
3D	O
--	O
This	O
is	O
the	O
original	O
intent	O
of	O
the	O
Van	B-Algorithm
Hare	I-Algorithm
Effect	I-Algorithm
.	I-Algorithm
</s>
<s>
Finding	O
Hidden	O
Objects	O
--	O
The	O
Van	B-Algorithm
Hare	I-Algorithm
Effect	I-Algorithm
provides	O
viewers	O
with	O
a	O
fast	O
and	O
easy	O
way	O
to	O
find	O
hidden	O
objects	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
in	O
"	O
hidden	O
object	O
games	O
"	O
,	O
where	O
two	O
images	O
are	O
presented	O
side-by-side	O
and	O
the	O
viewer	O
is	O
challenged	O
to	O
find	O
the	O
missing	O
items	O
or	O
changes	O
from	O
one	O
image	O
to	O
the	O
next	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
employing	O
cross-eyed	O
viewing	O
and	O
the	O
Van	B-Algorithm
Hare	I-Algorithm
Effect	I-Algorithm
,	O
the	O
changes	O
are	O
instantly	O
evident	O
,	O
either	O
appearing	O
as	O
throbbing	O
differences	O
or	O
standing	O
out	O
as	O
if	O
hovering	O
over	O
the	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
image	O
when	O
viewed	O
in	O
this	O
manner	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Easily	O
Recognizing	O
Image	O
Edits	O
--	O
Where	O
an	O
original	O
image	O
and	O
an	O
edited	O
image	O
are	O
both	O
in	O
hand	O
,	O
the	O
Van	B-Algorithm
Hare	I-Algorithm
Effect	I-Algorithm
provides	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
spot	O
the	O
edits	O
that	O
have	O
been	O
made	O
simply	O
by	O
comparing	O
the	O
original	O
and	O
the	O
edited	O
image	O
side-by-side	O
with	O
the	O
cross-eyed	O
viewing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
the	O
Van	B-Algorithm
Hare	I-Algorithm
Effect	I-Algorithm
,	O
the	O
human	O
brain	O
simply	O
fills	O
in	O
an	O
artificial	O
dimensional	O
depth	O
in	O
the	O
painting	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
it	O
is	O
not	O
there	O
,	O
thus	O
allowing	O
the	O
user	O
to	O
appreciate	O
the	O
artwork	O
in	O
a	O
new	O
way	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
when	O
the	O
image	O
or	O
video	O
is	O
viewed	O
while	O
employing	O
the	O
Van	B-Algorithm
Hare	I-Algorithm
Effect	I-Algorithm
—	O
even	O
without	O
having	O
the	O
original	O
unedited	O
image	O
—	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
manipulations	O
may	O
become	O
obvious	O
to	O
the	O
viewer	O
and	O
recognizable	O
as	O
changes	O
to	O
the	O
original	O
image	O
because	O
the	O
person	O
manipulating	O
,	O
retouching	O
,	O
or	O
editing	O
the	O
image	O
or	O
video	O
did	O
so	O
on	O
the	O
two-dimensional	O
image	O
or	O
video	O
only	O
and	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
made	O
errors	O
that	O
are	O
apparent	O
from	O
the	O
artificial	O
depth	O
effect	O
created	O
when	O
applying	O
the	O
Van	B-Algorithm
Hare	I-Algorithm
Effect	I-Algorithm
.	I-Algorithm
</s>
