<s>
Value	B-Application
sensitive	I-Application
design	I-Application
(	O
VSD	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
theoretically	O
grounded	O
approach	O
to	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
technology	O
that	O
accounts	O
for	O
human	O
values	O
in	O
a	O
principled	O
and	O
comprehensive	O
manner	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
,	O
in	O
2019	O
,	O
Batya	O
Friedman	O
and	O
David	O
Hendry	O
wrote	O
a	O
book	O
on	O
this	O
topic	O
called	O
"	O
Value	B-Application
Sensitive	I-Application
Design	I-Application
:	O
Shaping	O
Technology	O
with	O
Moral	O
Imagination	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Value	B-Application
Sensitive	I-Application
Design	I-Application
takes	O
human	O
values	O
into	O
account	O
in	O
a	O
well-defined	O
matter	O
throughout	O
the	O
whole	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
investigations	O
are	O
intended	O
to	O
be	O
iterative	B-Algorithm
,	O
allowing	O
the	O
designer	O
to	O
modify	O
the	O
design	O
continuously	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Care-Centered	O
Value	B-Application
Sensitive	I-Application
Design	I-Application
(	O
CCVSD	O
)	O
proposed	O
by	O
Aimee	O
van	O
Wynsberghe	O
is	O
another	O
example	O
of	O
how	O
the	O
VSD	O
approach	O
is	O
modified	O
to	O
account	O
for	O
the	O
values	O
central	O
to	O
care	O
for	O
the	O
design	O
and	O
development	O
of	O
care	O
robots	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VSD	O
uses	O
an	O
iterative	B-Algorithm
design	O
process	O
that	O
involves	O
three	O
types	O
of	O
investigations	O
:	O
conceptual	O
,	O
empirical	O
and	O
technical	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Envisioning	O
Cards	O
(	O
Purpose	O
:	O
Value	B-Application
sensitive	I-Application
design	I-Application
toolkit	O
for	O
industry	O
,	O
research	O
,	O
and	O
educational	O
practice	O
)	O
:	O
Value	O
sensitive	O
envisioning	O
toolkit	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Batya	O
Friedman	O
and	O
David	O
Hendry	O
,	O
in	O
"	O
Value	B-Application
Sensitive	I-Application
Design	I-Application
:	O
Shaping	O
Technology	O
with	O
Moral	O
Imagination	O
"	O
,	O
argue	O
that	O
although	O
earlier	O
iterations	B-Algorithm
of	O
the	O
VSD	O
approach	O
did	O
not	O
make	O
explicit	O
moral	O
commitments	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
since	O
evolved	O
over	O
the	O
past	O
two	O
decades	O
to	O
commit	O
to	O
at	O
least	O
those	O
three	O
fundamental	O
values	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VSD	O
as	O
a	O
standalone	O
approach	O
has	O
also	O
been	O
criticized	O
as	O
being	O
insufficient	O
for	O
the	O
ethical	O
design	O
of	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
This	O
criticism	O
is	O
predicated	O
on	O
the	O
self-learning	O
and	O
opaque	O
artificial	B-Application
intelligence	I-Application
techniques	O
like	O
those	O
stemming	O
from	O
machine	O
learning	O
and	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
consequence	O
,	O
the	O
unforeseen	O
or	O
unforeseeable	O
values	O
or	O
disvalues	O
that	O
may	O
emerge	O
after	O
the	O
deployment	O
of	O
an	O
AI	B-Application
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Steven	O
Umbrello	O
and	O
Ibo	O
van	O
de	O
Poel	O
propose	O
a	O
modified	O
VSD	O
approach	O
that	O
uses	O
the	B-Application
Artificial	I-Application
Intelligence	I-Application
for	O
Social	O
Good	O
(	O
AI4SG	O
)	O
factors	O
as	O
norms	O
to	O
translate	O
abstract	O
philosophical	O
values	O
into	O
tangible	O
design	O
requirements	O
.	O
</s>
