<s>
Valor	B-Application
por	I-Application
Tamaulipas	I-Application
(	O
"	O
Courage	O
for	O
Tamaulipas	O
"	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
Facebook	B-Application
page	O
that	O
covered	O
security	O
updates	O
in	O
the	O
Mexican	O
state	O
of	O
Tamaulipas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
over	O
515,000	O
likes	O
on	O
Facebook	B-Application
,	O
Valor	B-Application
por	I-Application
Tamaulipas	I-Application
routinely	O
posted	O
messages	O
and	O
photos	O
of	O
crime	O
scenes	O
on	O
its	O
page	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
early	O
2013	O
,	O
a	O
Mexican	O
drug	O
trafficking	O
organization	O
issued	O
fliers	O
offering	O
a	O
reward	O
of	O
$	O
600,000	O
pesos	O
(	O
US$	O
46,000	O
)	O
for	O
anyone	O
that	O
could	O
give	O
out	O
information	O
to	O
locate	O
the	O
administrator	O
of	O
Valor	B-Application
por	I-Application
Tamaulipas	I-Application
or	O
any	O
of	O
his	O
family	O
members	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
administrator	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
openly	O
defied	O
the	O
criminal	O
organization	O
's	O
threat	O
through	O
Facebook	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
His	O
wife	O
and	O
children	O
reportedly	O
fled	O
to	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
after	O
the	O
threats	O
for	O
security	O
reasons	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
citizen	O
journalist	O
stated	O
on	O
the	B-Application
Facebook	I-Application
page	O
that	O
he	O
had	O
decided	O
to	O
stay	O
in	O
Mexico	O
and	O
continue	O
updating	O
at	O
Valor	B-Application
por	I-Application
Tamaulipas	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Application
Facebook	I-Application
page	O
Valor	B-Application
por	I-Application
Tamaulipas	I-Application
(	O
"	O
Courage	O
for	O
Tamaulipas	O
"	O
)	O
was	O
created	O
by	O
an	O
anonymous	O
user	O
on	O
1	O
January	O
2012	O
after	O
getting	O
his	O
inspiration	O
from	O
other	O
websites	O
that	O
anonymously	O
reported	O
the	O
drug	O
violence	O
in	O
Mexico	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Given	O
the	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
drug-related	O
activities	O
in	O
northern	O
Mexico	O
and	O
in	O
Tamaulipas	O
,	O
many	O
Facebook	B-Application
users	I-Application
also	O
check	O
Valor	B-Application
por	I-Application
Tamaulipas	I-Application
to	O
verify	O
if	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
shootout	O
in	O
their	O
area	O
,	O
to	O
know	O
in	O
what	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
highway	O
a	O
carjacking	O
took	O
place	O
,	O
or	O
to	O
see	O
if	O
someone	O
is	O
reported	O
missing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
information	O
found	O
at	O
Valor	B-Application
por	I-Application
Tamaulipas	I-Application
is	O
shared	O
by	O
Internet	O
users	O
themselves	O
;	O
the	O
administrator	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
hand	O
,	O
was	O
active	O
almost	O
all	O
hours	O
during	O
the	O
day	O
and	O
throughout	O
the	O
whole	O
week	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Given	O
the	O
censorship	O
,	O
Valor	B-Application
por	I-Application
Tamaulipas	I-Application
was	O
a	O
popular	O
outlet	O
for	O
crime	O
watchdogs	O
concerned	O
with	O
the	O
violence	O
in	O
Tamaulipas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
crime	O
journalist	O
James	O
Barger	O
from	O
InSight	O
Crime	O
,	O
the	O
information	O
in	O
Valor	B-Application
por	I-Application
Tamaulipas	I-Application
is	O
"	O
spotty	O
,	O
sometimes	O
unreliable	O
,	O
but	O
often	O
the	O
only	O
source	O
of	O
what	O
 [ is ] 	O
happening	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
Internet	O
users	O
in	O
Mexico	O
,	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
other	O
countries	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
have	O
shown	O
their	O
support	O
for	O
Valor	B-Application
por	I-Application
Tamaulipas	I-Application
 '	O
work	O
and	O
have	O
followed	O
their	O
reports	O
on	O
Facebook	B-Application
and/or	O
Twitter	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
page	O
had	O
over	O
210,000	O
likes	O
on	O
Facebook	B-Application
in	O
April	O
2013	O
;	O
on	O
Twitter	B-Application
,	O
Valor	B-Application
por	I-Application
Tamaulipas	I-Application
had	O
approximately	O
24,400	O
followers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
result	O
,	O
many	O
people	O
have	O
turned	O
to	O
social	O
media	O
outlets	O
like	O
Valor	B-Application
por	I-Application
Tamaulipas	I-Application
to	O
see	O
hourly	O
updates	O
on	O
the	O
security	O
atmosphere	O
in	O
their	O
areas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
That	O
same	O
month	O
,	O
two	O
alleged	O
Twitter	B-Application
users	O
were	O
killed	O
and	O
hanged	O
on	O
a	O
bridge	O
in	O
Nuevo	O
Laredo	O
,	O
Tamaulipas	O
for	O
denouncing	O
on	O
Twitter	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2012	O
,	O
the	O
Gulf	O
Cartel	O
allegedly	O
created	O
a	O
Facebook	B-Application
page	O
called	O
Anti	O
Valor	B-Application
por	I-Application
Tamaulipas	I-Application
(	O
"	O
Anti-Courage	O
for	O
Tamaulipas	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
intended	O
to	O
counter	O
the	O
goals	O
of	O
the	O
page	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
stated	O
that	O
the	O
information	O
spread	O
by	O
Valor	B-Application
por	I-Application
Tamaulipas	I-Application
"[was]	O
not	O
a	O
benefit	O
to	O
the	O
community.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
early	O
2013	O
,	O
Anti	O
Valor	B-Application
por	I-Application
Tamaulipas	I-Application
had	O
approximately	O
11,244	O
likes	O
on	O
Facebook	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
Through	O
several	O
fliers	O
issued	O
in	O
Ciudad	O
Victoria	O
,	O
Tamaulipas	O
,	O
a	O
drug	O
trafficking	O
organization	O
offered	O
a	O
$	O
600,000	O
peso	O
(	O
roughly	O
US$	O
46,000	O
)	O
reward	O
to	O
anyone	O
that	O
could	O
give	O
them	O
information	O
on	O
the	O
whereabouts	O
of	O
the	O
administrator	O
of	O
Valor	B-Application
por	I-Application
Tamaulipas	I-Application
,	O
or	O
to	O
identify	O
any	O
of	O
his	O
family	O
members	O
,	O
whether	O
they	O
are	O
his	O
parents	O
,	O
brothers	O
and	O
sisters	O
,	O
children	O
or	O
wife	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
administrator	O
said	O
,	O
too	O
,	O
that	O
he	O
would	O
continue	O
to	O
his	O
crime	O
reporting	O
at	O
Valor	B-Application
por	I-Application
Tamaulipas	I-Application
even	O
if	O
that	O
might	O
cost	O
him	O
his	O
life	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
also	O
asked	O
his	O
visitors	O
to	O
refrain	O
from	O
using	O
their	O
personal	O
Facebook	B-Application
or	O
Twitter	B-Application
accounts	I-Application
when	O
uploading	O
information	O
to	O
the	O
page	O
since	O
that	O
could	O
put	O
them	O
at	O
risk	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
20	O
February	O
2013	O
,	O
a	O
video	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
the	O
web	O
depicting	O
a	O
supposed	O
collaborator	O
of	O
Valor	B-Application
por	I-Application
Tamaulipas	I-Application
,	O
kneeling	O
down	O
and	O
with	O
his	O
hands	O
in	O
his	O
pockets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
the	O
kneeling	O
man	O
warned	O
Internet	O
users	O
against	O
collaborating	O
with	O
Valor	B-Application
por	I-Application
Tamaulipas	I-Application
,	O
the	O
gunman	O
pulled	O
the	O
trigger	O
and	O
shot	O
him	O
in	O
the	O
head	O
,	O
apparently	O
killing	O
the	O
man	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
administrator	O
of	O
Valor	B-Application
por	I-Application
Tamaulipas	I-Application
responded	O
by	O
posting	O
a	O
message	O
on	O
Facebook	B-Application
and	O
saying	O
that	O
he	O
will	O
not	O
take	O
a	O
stance	O
on	O
the	O
authenticity	O
of	O
the	O
video	O
,	O
but	O
stated	O
that	O
he	O
does	O
not	O
recognize	O
the	O
man	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
governor	O
,	O
the	O
report	O
said	O
,	O
was	O
concerned	O
that	O
Valor	B-Application
por	I-Application
Tamaulipas	I-Application
"	O
had	O
become	O
a	O
news	O
reference	O
that	O
showed	O
Mexico	O
and	O
the	O
world	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
organized	O
crime	O
,	O
not	O
him	O
,	O
who	O
controlled	O
the	O
state.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
22	O
May	O
2013	O
,	O
Valor	B-Application
por	I-Application
Tamaulipas	I-Application
released	O
a	O
video	O
sent	O
to	O
the	O
page	O
by	O
an	O
alleged	O
organized	O
crime	O
group	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Valor	B-Application
por	I-Application
Tamaulipas	I-Application
responded	O
by	O
sending	O
a	O
message	O
to	O
the	O
authorities	O
in	O
Tamaulipas	O
and	O
blamed	O
them	O
for	O
the	O
death	O
of	O
a	O
person	O
who	O
died	O
of	O
a	O
cardiac	O
arrest	O
after	O
the	O
couple	O
was	O
kidnapped	O
;	O
the	O
administrator	O
also	O
accused	O
the	O
Tamaulipas	O
authorities	O
of	O
protecting	O
Los	O
Zetas	O
drug	O
cartel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Early	O
in	O
the	O
morning	O
of	O
1	O
April	O
2013	O
,	O
the	B-Application
Facebook	I-Application
and	O
Twitter	B-Application
accounts	I-Application
of	O
Valor	B-Application
por	I-Application
Tamaulipas	I-Application
were	O
shut	O
down	O
unexpectedly	O
and	O
without	O
any	O
explanation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
page	O
run	O
by	O
other	O
users	O
and	O
with	O
a	O
similar	O
name	O
,	O
Responsabilidad	O
por	O
Tamaulipas	O
(	O
"	O
Responsibility	O
for	O
Tamaulipas	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
posted	O
on	O
their	O
page	O
that	O
Valor	B-Application
por	I-Application
Tamaulipas	I-Application
had	O
only	O
closed	O
temporarily	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
page	O
and	O
protect	O
the	O
administrator	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
About	O
a	O
week	O
later	O
,	O
the	O
original	O
page	O
of	O
Valor	B-Application
por	I-Application
Tamaulipas	I-Application
reopened	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
administrator	O
issued	O
a	O
communiqué	O
in	O
which	O
he	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
page	O
was	O
going	O
to	O
close	O
permanently	O
after	O
8	O
days	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
Facebook	B-Application
the	O
administrator	O
explained	O
that	O
he	O
could	O
not	O
continue	O
collaborating	O
at	O
Valor	B-Application
por	I-Application
Tamaulipas	I-Application
because	O
of	O
his	O
inability	O
to	O
properly	O
manage	O
the	O
page	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
9	O
June	O
2014	O
,	O
the	B-Application
Facebook	I-Application
page	O
was	O
blocked	O
for	O
a	O
month	O
for	O
uploading	O
gun-related	O
posts	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
considered	O
a	O
violation	O
of	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
policies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
order	O
to	O
continue	O
his	O
reporting	O
,	O
the	O
admin	O
posted	O
on	O
his	O
Twitter	B-Application
and	O
Google	O
accounts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
15	O
October	O
2014	O
,	O
the	O
former	O
co-admin	O
of	O
the	O
sister	O
page	O
Responsabilidad	O
for	O
Tamaulipas	O
,	O
María	O
del	O
Rosario	O
Fuentes	O
Rubio	O
(	O
also	O
known	O
by	O
her	O
Twitter	B-Application
account	I-Application
@Miut3	O
and	O
Felina	O
)	O
,	O
was	O
kidnapped	O
,	O
tortured	O
,	O
and	O
killed	O
by	O
alleged	O
organized	O
crime	O
members	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
She	O
had	O
a	O
strong	O
follower-base	O
on	O
Twitter	B-Application
and	O
was	O
known	O
for	O
posting	O
about	O
risk	O
situations	O
,	O
shootouts	O
,	O
and	O
information	O
about	O
criminal	O
groups	O
from	O
Tamaulipas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
third	O
tweet	O
warned	O
Valor	B-Application
por	I-Application
Tamaulipas	I-Application
and	O
two	O
other	O
Twitter	B-Application
users	O
,	O
@Bandolera7	O
and	O
@civilarmado_mx	O
,	O
of	O
posting	O
about	O
risk	O
situations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Twitter	B-Application
later	O
deactivated	O
the	O
account	O
but	O
the	O
photos	O
had	O
already	O
leaked	O
across	O
social	O
media	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Valor	B-Application
por	I-Application
Tamaulipas	I-Application
confirmed	O
her	O
death	O
on	O
its	O
Facebook	B-Application
page	O
and	O
lamented	O
the	O
incident	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
admin	O
stated	O
that	O
@Miut3	O
was	O
a	O
collaborator	O
at	O
Valor	B-Application
por	I-Application
Tamaulipas	I-Application
and	O
former	O
admin	O
at	O
Responsabilidad	O
por	O
Tamaulipas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Valor	B-Application
por	I-Application
Tamaulipas	I-Application
does	O
not	O
believe	O
this	O
version	O
,	O
however	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Valor	B-Application
por	I-Application
Tamaulipas	I-Application
stated	O
that	O
@Miut3	O
was	O
threatened	O
by	O
Twitter	B-Application
user	O
@garzalaura142	O
a	O
week	O
before	O
she	O
was	O
killed	O
;	O
the	O
admin	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	O
threats	O
used	O
similar	O
wordings	O
and	O
that	O
that	O
was	O
"	O
no	O
coincidence	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
29	O
November	O
2014	O
,	O
the	O
admin	O
of	O
the	O
page	O
announced	O
his	O
retirement	O
on	O
Facebook	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
He	O
stated	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
leaving	O
the	O
page	O
for	O
personal	O
reasons	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
Valor	B-Application
por	I-Application
Tamaulipas	I-Application
would	O
continue	O
under	O
new	O
management	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
comment	O
section	O
of	O
the	B-Application
Facebook	I-Application
post	O
,	O
many	O
people	O
thanked	O
the	O
admin	O
for	O
his	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Valor	B-Application
por	I-Application
Tamaulipas	I-Application
has	O
a	O
sister	O
page	O
called	O
Esperanza	O
por	O
Tamaulipas	O
(	O
"	O
Hope	O
for	O
Tamaulipas	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
uploads	O
pictures	O
of	O
people	O
who	O
have	O
been	O
kidnapped	O
or	O
are	O
reported	O
as	O
disappeared	O
in	O
the	O
state	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
projects	O
like	O
Valor	O
por	O
Michoacán	O
SDR	O
(	O
"	O
Courage	O
for	O
Michoacán	O
–	O
Risk	O
Situations	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
reported	O
about	O
the	O
drug-related	O
violence	O
and	O
role	O
of	O
the	O
self-defense	O
groups	O
in	O
Michoacán	O
since	O
2013	O
,	O
have	O
many	O
followers	O
and	O
likes	O
on	O
Twitter	B-Application
(	O
@ValorMichoacan	O
)	O
and	O
Facebook	B-Application
(	O
/ValorPorMichoacan	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Valor	B-Application
por	I-Application
Tamaulipas	I-Application
uses	O
several	O
acronyms	O
in	O
posts	O
on	O
Facebook	B-Application
and	O
Twitter	B-Application
:	O
</s>
