<s>
VQuad-HD	B-Application
(	O
Objective	O
perceptual	O
multimedia	O
video	B-Device
quality	I-Device
measurement	O
of	O
HDTV	B-Device
)	O
is	O
a	O
video	B-Device
quality	I-Device
testing	O
technology	O
for	O
high	O
definition	O
video	O
signals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
VQuad-HD	B-Application
algorithm	O
was	O
developed	O
by	O
Swissqual	O
in	O
2008	O
–	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
the	O
best	O
performing	O
model	O
in	O
the	O
HDTV	B-Device
competition	O
to	O
find	O
the	O
new	O
standard	O
that	O
was	O
organized	O
by	O
the	O
independent	O
and	O
non-commercial	O
Video	B-Device
Quality	I-Device
Expert	O
Group	O
(	O
VQEG	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VQEG	O
then	O
proposed	O
the	O
VQuad-HD	B-Application
model	O
to	O
ITU-T	O
to	O
form	O
a	O
video	B-Device
quality	I-Device
model	O
standard	O
–	O
known	O
as	O
ITU-T	O
J.341	O
–	O
which	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
January	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ITU-T	O
J.341	O
Recommendation	O
provides	O
a	O
perceptual	O
video	B-Device
quality	I-Device
measurement	O
method	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
High-definition	B-Device
television	I-Device
(	O
HDTV	B-Device
)	O
non-interactive	O
applications	O
when	O
the	O
full	O
reference	O
(	O
FR	O
)	O
measurement	O
method	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
estimation	O
method	O
includes	O
both	O
calibration	O
and	O
objective	O
video	B-Device
quality	I-Device
estimations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
model	O
predicts	O
the	O
video	B-Device
quality	I-Device
as	O
it	O
is	O
perceived	O
by	O
subjects	O
(	O
viewers	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
objective	O
model	O
is	O
tested	O
on	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
different	O
frame-rates	O
as	O
used	O
in	O
TV	O
applications	O
(	O
29.97	O
fps	O
and	O
25	O
fps	O
)	O
,	O
in	O
Interlaced	O
video	O
and	O
Progressive	B-Device
scan	I-Device
mode	O
at	O
the	O
resolution	O
1920⨉1080	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Videos	O
encoded	O
by	O
H.264/MPEG	B-Application
-4	I-Application
AVC	I-Application
using	O
either	O
high	O
or	O
main	O
profile	O
,	O
or	O
MPEG-2	B-Algorithm
are	O
supported	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
types	O
of	O
errors	O
handled	O
by	O
model	O
include	O
packet	O
errors	O
(	O
both	O
IP	O
and	O
MPEG	O
transport	O
stream	O
)	O
such	O
as	O
Packet	B-Protocol
loss	I-Protocol
,	O
Packet	O
delay	O
variation	O
,	O
Jitter	O
,	O
overflow	O
and	O
underflow	O
,	O
bit	O
errors	O
,	O
and	O
over-the-air	O
transmission	O
errors	O
.	O
</s>
