<s>
VGA	B-Device
text	I-Device
mode	I-Device
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
1987	O
by	O
IBM	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
VGA	B-Protocol
standard	O
for	O
its	O
IBM	B-Device
PS/2	I-Device
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
main	O
features	O
of	O
VGA	B-Device
text	I-Device
mode	I-Device
are	O
colored	O
(	O
programmable	O
16	O
color	O
palette	B-Data_Structure
)	O
characters	O
and	O
their	O
background	O
,	O
blinking	O
,	O
various	O
shapes	O
of	O
the	O
cursor	B-Application
(	O
block/underline/hidden	O
static/blinking	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
loadable	O
fonts	O
(	O
with	O
various	O
glyph	O
sizes	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Linux	B-Application
console	I-Application
traditionally	O
uses	O
hardware	O
VGA	B-Device
text	I-Device
modes	I-Device
,	O
and	O
the	O
Win32	B-Application
console	I-Application
environment	O
has	O
an	O
ability	O
to	O
switch	O
the	O
screen	O
to	O
text	B-Application
mode	I-Application
for	O
some	O
text	O
window	O
sizes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Distinctive	O
features	O
of	O
VGA	B-Protocol
text	O
as	O
it	O
commonly	O
used	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
CGA	B-Device
–	O
EGA-style	O
16	O
color	O
palette	B-Data_Structure
for	O
foreground.Blinking	O
text	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cursor	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
screen	O
character	O
is	O
represented	O
by	O
two	O
bytes	O
aligned	O
as	O
a	O
16-bit	B-Device
word	O
accessible	O
by	O
the	O
CPU	O
in	O
a	O
single	O
operation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
byte-pair	O
scheme	O
is	O
among	O
the	O
features	O
that	O
the	O
VGA	B-Protocol
inherited	O
from	O
the	O
EGA	B-Device
,	O
CGA	B-Device
,	O
and	O
ultimately	O
from	O
the	O
MDA	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Colors	O
are	O
assigned	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
as	O
in	O
4-bit	O
indexed	O
color	O
graphic	O
modes	O
(	O
see	O
VGA	B-Protocol
color	O
palette	B-Data_Structure
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VGA	B-Protocol
modes	O
have	O
no	O
need	O
for	O
the	O
MDA	B-Device
's	O
reverse	O
and	O
bright	O
attributes	O
because	O
foreground	O
and	O
background	O
colors	O
can	O
be	O
set	O
explicitly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
VGA	B-Protocol
hardware	O
has	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
enable	O
an	O
underline	O
on	O
any	O
character	O
that	O
has	O
attribute	O
bit	O
0	O
set	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
since	O
this	O
is	O
an	O
MDA-compatible	O
feature	O
,	O
the	O
attribute	O
bits	O
not	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
MDA	B-Device
must	O
be	O
set	O
to	O
zero	O
or	O
the	O
underline	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
shown	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
default	O
VGA	B-Protocol
palette	B-Data_Structure
,	O
setting	O
bit	O
0	O
to	O
enable	O
underline	O
will	O
also	O
change	O
the	O
text	O
colour	O
to	O
blue	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
means	O
text	O
in	O
only	O
two	O
colors	O
can	O
be	O
underlined	O
(	O
5555FF	O
and	O
0000AA	O
with	O
the	O
default	O
palette	B-Data_Structure
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
the	O
underline	O
location	O
is	O
set	O
to	O
a	O
visible	O
scanline	O
(	O
as	O
it	O
is	O
by	O
default	O
when	O
switching	O
to	O
an	O
MDA-compatible	O
monochrome	O
text	B-Application
mode	I-Application
)	O
,	O
then	O
the	O
underline	O
will	O
appear	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Screen	O
fonts	O
used	O
in	O
EGA	B-Device
and	O
VGA	B-Protocol
are	O
monospace	O
raster	O
fonts	O
containing	O
256	O
glyphs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Along	O
with	O
several	O
hardware-dependent	O
fonts	O
stored	O
in	O
the	O
adapter	O
's	O
ROM	B-Device
,	O
the	O
text	B-Application
mode	I-Application
offers	O
8	O
loadable	O
fonts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
real	O
VGA	B-Protocol
hardware	O
,	O
this	O
overrides	O
the	O
bit	O
's	O
use	O
for	O
color	O
selection	O
,	O
but	O
on	O
many	O
clones	O
and	O
emulators	O
,	O
the	O
color	O
selection	O
remains	O
—	O
meaning	O
one	O
font	O
is	O
displayed	O
as	O
normal	O
intensity	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
other	O
as	O
high-intensity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
error	O
can	O
be	O
overcome	O
by	O
changing	O
the	O
palette	B-Data_Structure
registers	O
to	O
contain	O
two	O
copies	O
of	O
an	O
8-color	O
palette	B-Data_Structure
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
shape	O
of	O
the	O
cursor	B-Application
is	O
restricted	O
to	O
a	O
rectangle	O
the	O
full	O
width	O
of	O
the	O
character	O
box	O
,	O
and	O
filled	B-Protocol
with	O
the	O
foreground	O
color	O
of	O
the	O
character	O
at	O
the	O
cursor	B-Application
's	O
current	O
location	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
EGA	B-Device
and	O
many	O
VGA	B-Protocol
clones	O
allowed	O
a	O
split-box	O
cursor	B-Application
(	O
appearing	O
as	O
two	O
rectangles	O
,	O
one	O
at	O
the	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
character	O
box	O
and	O
one	O
at	O
the	O
bottom	O
)	O
,	O
by	O
setting	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
cursor	B-Application
before	O
the	O
start	O
,	O
however	O
if	O
this	O
is	O
done	O
on	O
the	O
original	O
VGA	B-Protocol
,	O
the	O
cursor	B-Application
is	O
completely	O
hidden	O
instead	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
VGA	B-Protocol
standard	O
does	O
not	O
provide	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
alter	O
the	O
blink	O
rate	O
,	O
although	O
common	O
workarounds	O
involve	O
hiding	O
the	O
cursor	B-Application
and	O
using	O
a	O
normal	O
character	O
glyph	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
so-called	O
software	O
cursor	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
mouse	B-Device
cursor	B-Application
in	O
TUI	O
(	O
when	O
implemented	O
)	O
is	O
not	O
usually	O
the	O
same	O
thing	O
as	O
a	O
hardware	O
cursor	B-Application
,	O
but	O
a	O
moving	O
rectangle	O
with	O
altered	O
background	O
or	O
a	O
special	O
glyph	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
text-based	O
interfaces	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
that	O
of	O
Impulse	B-Application
Tracker	I-Application
,	O
went	O
to	O
even	O
greater	O
lengths	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
smoother	O
and	O
more	O
graphic-looking	O
mouse	B-Device
cursor	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
was	O
done	O
by	O
constantly	O
re-generating	O
character	O
glyphs	O
in	O
real-time	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
cursor	B-Application
's	O
on-screen	O
position	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
generally	O
two	O
ways	O
to	O
access	O
VGA	B-Protocol
text-mode	B-Application
for	O
an	O
application	O
:	O
through	O
the	O
Video	B-Device
BIOS	I-Device
interface	O
or	O
by	O
directly	O
accessing	O
video	O
RAM	B-Architecture
and	O
I/O	O
ports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
VGA	B-Protocol
text	O
buffer	O
is	O
located	O
at	O
physical	O
memory	O
address	O
0xB8000	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
this	O
address	O
is	O
usually	O
used	O
by	O
16-bit	B-Device
x86	B-Operating_System
processes	O
operating	O
in	O
real-mode	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
also	O
the	O
first	O
half	O
of	O
memory	O
segment	B-Device
0xB800	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
same	O
physical	O
addresses	O
are	O
used	O
in	O
protected	B-Application
mode	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Applications	O
may	O
either	O
have	O
this	O
part	O
of	O
memory	O
mapped	O
to	O
their	O
address	B-General_Concept
space	I-General_Concept
or	O
access	O
it	O
via	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
an	O
application	O
(	O
on	O
a	O
modern	O
multitasking	B-Operating_System
OS	O
)	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
control	O
over	O
the	O
console	B-Device
,	O
it	O
accesses	O
a	O
part	O
of	O
system	O
RAM	B-Architecture
instead	O
of	O
the	O
actual	O
text	O
buffer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Even	O
on	O
relatively	O
modern	O
hardware	O
,	O
the	O
overhead	O
of	O
text	B-Application
mode	I-Application
emulation	O
via	O
hardware	O
APA	O
(	O
graphics	O
)	O
modes	O
(	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
program	O
generates	O
individual	O
pixels	O
and	O
stores	O
them	O
into	O
the	O
video	B-Algorithm
buffer	I-Algorithm
)	O
may	O
be	O
noticeable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
the	O
monitor	O
's	O
side	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
difference	O
in	O
input	O
signal	O
in	O
a	O
text	B-Application
mode	I-Application
and	O
an	O
All	O
Points	O
Addressable	O
(	O
APA	O
)	O
mode	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
size	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
text	B-Application
mode	I-Application
signal	O
may	O
have	O
the	O
same	O
timings	O
as	O
VESA	B-Device
standard	O
modes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
same	O
registers	O
are	O
used	O
on	O
adapter	O
's	O
side	O
to	O
set	O
up	O
these	O
parameters	O
in	O
a	O
text	B-Application
mode	I-Application
as	O
in	O
APA	O
modes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
text	B-Application
mode	I-Application
output	O
signal	O
is	O
essentially	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
in	O
graphic	O
modes	O
,	O
but	O
its	O
source	O
is	O
a	O
text	O
buffer	O
and	O
character	O
generator	O
,	O
not	O
a	O
framebuffer	B-Algorithm
as	O
in	O
APA	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Depending	O
on	O
the	O
graphics	O
adapter	O
used	O
,	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
text	B-Application
modes	I-Application
are	O
available	O
on	O
IBM	O
PC	O
compatible	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Colors	O
/	O
memory	O
model	O
Adapters	O
7	O
0007h	O
VGA	B-Protocol
Text	O
80×25	O
9×14	O
720×350	O
2	O
(	O
mono	O
)	O
/	O
MTEXT	O
MDA	B-Device
,	O
Hercules	B-Device
6	O
0006h	O
VGA	B-Protocol
G	O
80×25	O
8×8	O
640×200	O
2	O
(	O
mono	O
)	O
/	O
CGA	B-Device
Hercules	B-Device
,	O
CGA	B-Device
,	O
PCjr	O
,	O
EGA	B-Device
,	O
MCGA	B-Device
0	O
,	O
1	O
0000h	O
,	O
0001h	O
VGA	B-Protocol
Text	O
Text	O
40×25	O
8×8	O
320×200	O
16	O
/	O
CTEXT	O
CGA	B-Device
,	O
EGA	B-Device
2	O
0002h	O
VGA	B-Protocol
Text	O
80×25	O
8×8	O
640×200	O
16	O
(	O
gray	O
)	O
/	O
CTEXT	O
CGA	B-Device
,	O
EGA	B-Device
2	O
,	O
3	O
0002h	O
,	O
0003h	O
VGA	B-Protocol
Text	O
80×25	O
9×16	O
720×400	O
16	O
/	O
CTEXT	O
CGA	B-Device
,	O
EGA	B-Device
"	O
Table	O
9-2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Video	O
Modes	O
by	O
Adapter	O
Family	O
"	O
16	O
0010h	O
VGA	B-Protocol
G	O
80×25	O
8×14	O
640×350	O
4	O
/	O
PL4	O
,	O
16	O
/	O
PL16	O
64k	O
EGA	B-Device
,	O
256k	O
EGA	B-Device
,	O
VGA	B-Protocol
17	O
0011h	O
VGA	B-Protocol
G	O
80×30	O
8×16	O
640×480	O
2	O
(	O
mono	O
)	O
/	O
PL1	O
VGA	B-Protocol
,	O
MCGA	B-Device
,	O
ATI	O
EGA	B-Device
,	O
ATI	O
VIP	O
23	O
,	O
88	O
0017h	O
,	O
0058h	O
VGA	B-Protocol
Text	O
80×43	O
8×8	O
640×350	O
,	O
640×348	O
16	O
/	O
CTEXT	O
NEL	O
Electronics	O
BIOS	O
,	O
EGA	B-Device
102	O
0066h	O
VESA	B-Device
Text	O
,	O
VGA	B-Protocol
G	O
,	O
Video7	O
G	O
80×50	O
8×8	O
640×400	O
16	O
/	O
CTEXT	O
,	O
256K	O
/	O
LINEAR	O
,	O
256	O
/	O
LINEAR8	O
Video7	O
V-RAM	O
VGA	B-Protocol
,	O
WD90C	O
,	O
Diamond	O
Speedstar	O
24X	O
38	O
,	O
67	O
,	O
82	O
,	O
264	O
0026h	O
,	O
0043h	O
,	O
0052h	O
,	O
0108h	O
Video7	O
Text	O
,	O
VGA	B-Protocol
G	O
80×60	O
8×8	O
640×480	O
16	O
/	O
CTEXT	O
,	O
256K	O
/	O
LINEAR	O
Tseng	O
Labs	O
EVA	O
,	O
Tseng	O
ET3000/4000	O
,	O
VEGA	O
VGA	B-Protocol
,	O
Trident	O
TVGA	O
8800/8900	O
,	O
Video7	O
V-RAM	O
VGA	B-Protocol
,	O
VESA-compatible	O
Super	O
VGAESTGV	O
RBILRBIL	O
61	O
(	O
INT	O
10	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ralf	O
Brown	O
's	O
interrupt	O
list	O
(	O
RBIL	O
)	O
The	O
x86	B-Operating_System
Interrupt	O
List	O
aka	O
"	O
Ralf	O
Brown	O
's	O
Interrupt	O
List	O
"	O
(	O
RBIL	O
)	O
Qemu	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
vgatables.h	O
(	O
Reference	O
implementation	O
)	O
Link	O
to	O
historical	O
Ralph	O
Brown	O
's	O
Interrupt	O
List	O
(	O
RBIL	O
)	O
Dosbox	O
official	O
technical	O
info	O
(	O
RBIL	O
,	O
INT10	O
)	O
35	O
,	O
20	O
,	O
23	O
,	O
27	O
,	O
39	O
,	O
65	O
,	O
2369	O
,	O
265	O
0023h	O
,	O
0014h	O
,	O
0017h	O
,	O
001Bh	O
,	O
0027h	O
,	O
0041h	O
,	O
0941h	O
,	O
0109h	O
VESA	B-Device
Text	O
,	O
VGA	B-Protocol
G	O
132×25	O
8×14	O
,	O
9×14	O
,	O
8×16	O
,	O
8×8	O
1056×350	O
,	O
1188×350	O
,	O
1056×400	O
,	O
1056×200	O
2	O
(	O
mono	O
)	O
/	O
MTEXT	O
,	O
4	O
(	O
gray	O
)	O
/	O
TEXT	O
,	O
16	O
/	O
CTEXT	O
,	O
256K	O
/	O
LINEAR	O
Tseng	O
ET3000	O
,	O
Tseng	O
ET4000	O
,	O
ATI	O
EGA/VGA	O
Wonder	O
,	O
Cirrus	O
CL-GD5420/5422/5426	O
,	O
VESA-compatible	O
Super	O
VGA	B-Protocol
29	O
,	O
66	O
,	O
84	O
,	O
86	O
,	O
266	O
001Dh	O
,	O
0042h	O
,	O
0054h	O
,	O
0056h	O
,	O
010Ah	O
VESA	B-Device
Text	O
,	O
VGA	B-Protocol
G	O
132×43	O
9×11	O
,	O
8×9	O
,	O
9×9	O
1188×473	O
,	O
1056×387	O
,	O
1188×387	O
16	O
/	O
CTEXT	O
,	O
256K	O
/	O
LINEAR	O
VESA-compatible	O
Super	O
VGA	B-Protocol
34	O
,	O
51	O
,	O
99	O
,	O
2370	O
0022h	O
,	O
0033h	O
,	O
0063h	O
,	O
0942h	O
VESA	B-Device
Text	O
132×44	O
8×8	O
,	O
9×8	O
1056×352	O
,	O
1188×352	O
16	O
/	O
CTEXT	O
Tseng	O
Labs	O
EVA	O
,	O
ATI	O
EGA	B-Device
Wonder	O
,	O
ATI	O
VIP	O
,	O
Genoa	O
SuperEGA	O
81	O
,	O
97	O
,	O
105	O
,	O
267	O
0051h	O
,	O
0061h	O
,	O
0069h	O
,	O
010Bh	O
VESA	B-Device
Text	O
132×50	O
8×8	O
1056×400	O
16	O
/	O
CTEXT	O
MORSE	O
VGA	B-Protocol
,	O
Cirrus	O
5320	O
,	O
WD90C	O
,	O
VESA-compatible	O
Super	O
VGA	B-Protocol
33	O
,	O
82	O
,	O
30	O
,	O
268	O
0021h	O
,	O
0052h	O
,	O
001Eh	O
,	O
010Ch	O
VESA	B-Device
Text	O
132×60	O
8×8	O
,	O
9×8	O
1056×480	O
,	O
1188×480	O
16	O
/	O
CTEXT	O
Tseng	O
ET4000	O
,	O
MORSE	O
VGA	B-Protocol
,	O
Realtek	O
RTVGA	O
,	O
VESA-compatible	O
Super	O
VGA	B-Protocol
47	O
002Fh	O
Video7	O
Text	O
,	O
VGA	B-Protocol
G	O
Graphics	O
or	O
text	O
through	O
graphics	O
160×50	O
8×8	O
,	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VGA	B-Protocol
and	O
compatible	O
cards	O
support	O
MDA	B-Device
,	O
CGA	B-Device
and	O
EGA	B-Device
modes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MDA	B-Device
modes	O
have	O
some	O
specific	O
features	O
(	O
see	O
above	O
)	O
—	O
a	O
text	O
could	O
be	O
emphasized	O
with	O
bright	O
,	O
underline	O
,	O
reverse	O
and	O
blinking	O
attributes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
common	O
text	B-Application
mode	I-Application
used	O
in	O
DOS	O
environments	O
and	O
initial	O
Windows	B-Application
consoles	I-Application
is	O
the	O
default	O
80	O
columns	O
by	O
25	O
rows	O
,	O
or	O
80×25	O
,	O
with	O
16	O
colors	O
and	O
8×16	O
pixels	O
large	O
characters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VGA	B-Protocol
cards	I-Protocol
always	O
have	O
a	O
built-in	O
font	O
of	O
this	O
size	O
whereas	O
other	O
sizes	O
may	O
require	O
downloading	O
a	O
differently	O
sized	O
font	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linux	B-Application
kernel	O
2.6	O
and	O
later	O
assumes	O
modes	O
from	O
0000h	O
to	O
00FFh	O
as	O
standard	O
(	O
hexadecimal	O
)	O
,	O
if	O
VGA	B-Protocol
BIOS	O
supports	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
understands	O
them	O
as	O
increased	O
by	O
0x0100	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Same	O
for	O
VESA	B-Device
BIOS	I-Device
modes	O
from	O
0100h	O
to	O
07FFh	O
(	O
Linux	B-Application
increases	O
them	O
by	O
0x0100	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linux	B-Application
2.x	O
allows	O
to	O
check	O
supported	O
video	O
resolutions	O
by	O
kernel	O
argument	O
"	O
vga	B-Protocol
=	O
ask	O
"	O
or	O
"	O
vga	B-Protocol
=	O
<MODE_NUMBER>	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
versions	O
of	O
Linux	B-Application
allow	O
specifying	O
resolution	O
by	O
modes	O
from	O
1000h	O
to	O
7FFFh	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
Linux	B-Application
3.x	O
and	O
later	O
allows	O
to	O
set	O
resolution	O
by	O
"	O
video	O
=	O
<conn>:<xres>x<yres>	O
"	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
for	O
video	B-Language
framebuffer	I-Language
graphical	O
mode	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
other	O
VGA	B-Device
text	I-Device
modes	I-Device
,	O
80×40	O
and	O
80×50	O
,	O
exist	O
but	O
are	O
less	O
common	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Windows	B-Device
NT	I-Device
4.0	I-Device
displayed	O
its	O
system	O
messages	O
during	O
the	O
boot	O
process	O
in	O
80×50	O
text	B-Application
mode	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Character	O
sizes	O
and	O
graphical	O
resolutions	O
for	O
the	O
extended	O
VESA-compatible	O
Super	O
VGA	B-Device
text	I-Device
modes	I-Device
are	O
manufacturer	O
's	O
dependent	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
S3	O
)	O
supported	O
custom	O
very	O
large	O
text	B-Application
modes	I-Application
,	O
like	O
132×43	O
and	O
132×25	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
as	O
in	O
graphic	O
modes	O
,	O
graphic	O
adapters	O
of	O
2000s	O
commonly	O
are	O
capable	O
to	O
set	O
up	O
an	O
arbitrarily-sized	O
text	B-Application
mode	I-Application
(	O
in	O
reasonable	O
limits	O
)	O
instead	O
of	O
choosing	O
its	O
parameters	O
from	O
some	O
list	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
Linux	B-Application
and	O
DOS	O
systems	O
with	O
so	O
named	O
SVGA	O
cards	O
,	O
a	O
program	O
called	O
SVGATextMode	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
set	O
up	O
better	O
looking	O
text	B-Application
modes	I-Application
than	O
EGA	B-Device
and	O
VGA	B-Protocol
standard	O
ones	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
particularly	O
useful	O
for	O
large	O
( ≥17	O
"	O
)	O
monitors	O
,	O
where	O
the	O
normal	O
80×25	O
VGA	B-Device
text	I-Device
mode	I-Device
's	O
720×400	O
pixel	O
resolution	O
is	O
far	O
lower	O
than	O
a	O
typical	O
graphics	O
mode	O
would	O
be	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SVGATextMode	O
allows	O
setting	O
of	O
the	O
pixel	O
clock	O
and	O
higher	O
refresh	O
rate	O
,	O
larger	O
font	O
size	O
,	O
cursor	B-Application
size	O
,	O
etc.	O
,	O
and	O
allows	O
a	O
better	O
use	O
of	O
the	O
potential	O
of	O
a	O
video	O
card	O
and	O
monitor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
non-Windows	O
systems	O
,	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
SVGATextMode	O
(	O
or	O
alternative	O
options	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Linux	B-Language
framebuffer	I-Language
)	O
to	O
obtain	O
a	O
sharp	O
text	O
is	O
critical	O
for	O
LCD	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
of	O
1280×1024	O
(	O
or	O
higher	O
resolution	O
)	O
because	O
none	O
of	O
so	O
named	O
standard	O
text	B-Application
modes	I-Application
fits	O
to	O
this	O
matrix	O
size	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VESA	B-Device
)	O
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VGA	B-Device
text	I-Device
mode	I-Device
has	O
some	O
hardware-imposed	O
limitations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
these	O
are	O
too	O
restrictive	O
for	O
modern	O
(	O
post	O
2000	O
)	O
applications	O
,	O
the	O
hardware	B-Application
text	I-Application
mode	I-Application
on	O
VGA	B-Protocol
compatible	O
video	O
adapters	O
only	O
has	O
a	O
limited	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
*	O
8	O
colors	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
by	O
fontA	O
and	O
other	O
8	O
colors	O
by	O
fontB	O
;	O
so	O
,	O
if	O
fontA	O
≠	O
fontB	O
(	O
512	O
characters	O
mode	O
)	O
,	O
then	O
the	O
palette	B-Data_Structure
should	O
be	O
halved	O
and	O
a	O
text	O
may	O
effectively	O
use	O
only	O
8	O
colors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
**	O
Normally	O
,	O
first	O
8	O
colors	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
palette	B-Data_Structure
.	O
</s>
