<s>
V8	B-Language
is	O
a	O
free	B-License
and	I-License
open-source	I-License
JavaScript	B-Language
engine	I-Language
developed	O
by	O
the	O
Chromium	B-Language
Project	I-Language
for	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
and	O
Chromium	B-Language
web	I-Language
browsers	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
V8	B-Language
engine	O
was	O
released	O
at	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
as	O
the	O
first	O
version	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Application
:	O
2	O
September	O
2008	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
also	O
been	O
used	O
on	O
the	O
server	O
side	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
in	O
Couchbase	B-Operating_System
and	O
Node.js	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
V8	B-Language
assembler	I-Language
is	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Strongtalk	B-Language
assembler	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
7	O
December	O
2010	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
compiling	O
infrastructure	O
named	O
Crankshaft	B-Language
was	O
released	O
,	O
with	O
speed	O
improvements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
version	O
41	O
of	O
Chrome	B-Application
in	O
2015	O
,	O
project	O
TurboFan	O
was	O
added	O
to	O
provide	O
more	O
performance	O
improvements	O
with	O
previously	O
challenging	O
workloads	O
such	O
as	O
asm.js	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Much	O
of	O
V8	B-Language
's	O
development	O
is	O
strongly	O
inspired	O
by	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
HotSpot	I-Language
Virtual	I-Language
Machine	I-Language
developed	O
by	O
Sun	O
Microsystems	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
newer	O
execution	O
pipelines	O
being	O
very	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
HotSpot	B-Language
's	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2016	O
,	O
the	O
Ignition	O
interpreter	O
was	O
added	O
to	O
V8	B-Language
with	O
the	O
design	O
goal	O
of	O
reducing	O
the	O
memory	O
usage	O
on	O
small	O
memory	O
Android	B-Application
phones	I-Application
in	O
comparison	O
with	O
TurboFan	O
and	O
Crankshaft	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ignition	O
is	O
a	O
register	O
based	O
machine	O
and	O
shares	O
a	O
similar	O
(	O
albeit	O
not	O
the	O
exact	O
same	O
)	O
design	O
to	O
the	O
templating	O
interpreter	O
utilized	O
by	O
HotSpot	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2017	O
,	O
V8	B-Language
shipped	O
a	O
brand-new	O
compiler	O
pipeline	O
,	O
consisting	O
of	O
Ignition	O
(	O
the	O
interpreter	O
)	O
and	O
TurboFan	O
(	O
the	O
optimizing	O
compiler	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
with	O
V8	B-Language
version	O
5.9	O
,	O
Full-codegen	O
(	O
the	O
early	O
baseline	O
compiler	O
)	O
and	O
Crankshaft	B-Language
are	O
no	O
longer	O
used	O
in	O
V8	B-Language
for	O
JavaScript	O
execution	O
,	O
since	O
the	O
team	O
believed	O
they	O
were	O
no	O
longer	O
able	O
to	O
keep	O
pace	O
with	O
new	O
JavaScript	O
language	O
features	O
and	O
the	O
optimizations	O
those	O
features	O
required	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2021	O
,	O
a	O
new	O
tiered	O
compilation	O
pipeline	O
was	O
introduced	O
with	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
SparkPlug	O
compiler	O
,	O
which	O
supplements	O
the	O
existing	O
TurboFan	O
compiler	O
within	O
V8	B-Language
,	O
in	O
a	O
direct	O
parallel	O
to	O
the	O
profiling	O
C1	O
Compiler	O
used	O
by	O
HotSpot	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
V8	B-Language
first	O
generates	O
an	O
abstract	B-Data_Structure
syntax	I-Data_Structure
tree	I-Data_Structure
with	O
its	O
own	O
parser	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Then	O
,	O
Ignition	O
generates	O
bytecode	O
from	O
this	O
syntax	O
tree	O
using	O
the	O
internal	O
V8	B-Language
bytecode	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TurboFan	O
compiles	O
this	O
bytecode	O
into	O
machine	B-Language
code	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
other	O
words	O
,	O
V8	B-Language
compiles	O
ECMAScript	B-Language
directly	O
to	O
native	O
machine	B-Language
code	I-Language
using	O
just-in-time	O
compilation	O
before	O
executing	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Optimization	O
techniques	O
used	O
include	O
inlining	O
,	O
elision	B-Language
of	O
expensive	O
runtime	O
properties	O
,	O
and	O
inline	B-Application
caching	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
garbage	B-General_Concept
collector	I-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
generational	O
incremental	O
collector	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
V8	B-Language
can	O
compile	O
to	O
x86	B-Operating_System
,	O
ARM	B-Architecture
or	O
MIPS	B-Device
instruction	I-Device
set	I-Device
architectures	O
in	O
both	O
their	O
32-bit	O
and	O
64-bit	B-Device
editions	O
;	O
it	O
has	O
additionally	O
been	O
ported	O
to	O
PowerPC	B-Architecture
and	O
IBM	B-Device
s390	I-Device
for	O
use	O
in	O
servers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
V8	B-Language
can	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
a	O
browser	B-Application
or	O
integrated	O
into	O
independent	O
projects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
V8	B-Language
is	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
following	O
software	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Chromium-based	O
web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
-	O
Google	B-Application
Chrome	I-Application
,	O
Brave	B-Application
,	O
Opera	B-Application
,	O
Vivaldi	B-Language
and	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Edge	I-Application
.	O
</s>
