<s>
Utility	B-Application
software	I-Application
is	O
software	O
designed	O
to	O
help	O
analyze	O
,	O
configure	B-Device
,	O
optimize	O
or	O
maintain	O
a	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
computer	O
infrastructure	O
-	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
application	B-Application
software	I-Application
,	O
which	O
is	O
aimed	O
at	O
directly	O
performing	O
tasks	O
that	O
benefit	O
ordinary	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
batch	B-General_Concept
job	I-General_Concept
may	O
run	O
user-written	O
code	O
to	O
update	O
a	O
database	O
and	O
may	O
then	O
include	O
a	O
step	O
that	O
runs	O
a	O
utility	O
to	O
back	O
up	O
the	O
database	O
,	O
or	O
a	O
job	O
may	O
run	O
a	O
utility	O
to	O
compress	B-General_Concept
a	O
disk	O
before	O
copying	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
a	O
basic	O
set	O
of	O
utility	B-Application
programs	I-Application
is	O
usually	O
distributed	O
with	O
an	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
(	O
OS	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
this	O
first	O
party	O
utility	B-Application
software	I-Application
is	O
often	O
considered	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
users	O
often	O
install	O
replacements	O
or	O
additional	O
utilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Those	O
utilities	O
may	O
provide	O
additional	O
facilities	O
to	O
carry	O
out	O
tasks	O
that	O
are	O
beyond	O
the	O
capabilities	O
of	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Anti-virus	B-Application
utilities	O
scan	O
for	O
computer	O
viruses	O
and	O
block	O
or	O
remove	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Clipboard	B-Application
managers	I-Application
expand	O
the	O
clipboard	O
functionality	O
of	O
an	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Debuggers	B-Application
typically	O
permit	O
the	O
examination	O
and	O
modification	O
of	O
data	O
and	O
program	O
instructions	O
in	O
memory	O
and	O
on	O
disk	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Diagnostic	B-Application
programs	I-Application
determine	O
and	O
report	O
the	O
operational	O
status	O
of	O
computer	O
hardware	O
and	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Memory	B-Application
testers	I-Application
are	O
one	O
example	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Network	B-Application
utilities	I-Application
analyze	O
the	O
computer	O
's	O
network	O
connectivity	O
,	O
configure	B-Device
network	O
settings	O
,	O
check	O
data	O
transfer	O
or	O
log	O
events	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Package	B-Application
managers	I-Application
are	O
used	O
to	O
configure	B-Device
,	O
install	O
or	O
keep	O
up	O
to	O
date	O
other	O
software	O
on	O
a	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Registry	B-Application
cleaners	I-Application
clean	O
and	O
optimize	O
the	O
Windows	B-Protocol
Registry	I-Protocol
by	O
removing	O
old	O
registry	B-Protocol
keys	I-Protocol
that	O
are	O
no	O
longer	O
in	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
System	B-Application
monitors	I-Application
monitor	O
resources	O
and	O
performance	O
in	O
a	O
computer	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
System	B-Application
profilers	I-Application
provide	O
detailed	O
information	O
about	O
installed	O
software	O
and	O
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Backup	B-Application
software	I-Application
makes	O
copies	O
of	O
all	O
information	O
stored	O
on	O
a	O
disk	O
and	O
restores	O
either	O
the	O
entire	O
disk	O
(	O
aka	O
Disk	B-Application
cloning	I-Application
)	O
in	O
an	O
event	O
of	O
disk	B-Device
failure	I-Device
or	O
selected	O
files	O
that	O
are	O
accidentally	O
deleted	O
or	O
corrupted	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Disk	B-Application
checkers	I-Application
scan	O
an	O
operating	O
hard	B-Device
drive	I-Device
and	O
check	O
for	O
logical	O
(	O
filesystem	O
)	O
or	O
physical	O
errors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Disk	B-General_Concept
compression	I-General_Concept
utilities	O
transparently	O
compress/uncompress	O
the	O
contents	O
of	O
a	O
disk	O
,	O
increasing	O
the	O
capacity	O
of	O
the	O
disk	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Disk	B-Application
defragmenters	I-Application
detect	O
computer	B-Operating_System
files	I-Operating_System
whose	O
contents	O
are	O
scattered	O
across	O
several	O
locations	O
on	O
the	O
hard	B-Device
disk	I-Device
and	O
collect	O
the	O
fragments	O
into	O
one	O
contiguous	O
area	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Disk	B-Application
formatters	I-Application
prepare	O
a	O
data	O
storage	O
device	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
hard	B-Device
disk	I-Device
,	O
solid-state	O
drive	O
,	O
floppy	O
disk	O
or	O
USB	O
flash	O
drive	O
for	O
initial	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Disk	B-Application
partition	I-Application
editors	I-Application
divide	O
an	O
individual	O
drive	O
into	O
multiple	O
logical	B-Application
drives	I-Application
,	O
each	O
with	O
its	O
own	O
file	O
system	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
mounted	O
by	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
and	O
treated	O
as	O
an	O
individual	O
drive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Disk	B-Application
space	I-Application
analyzers	I-Application
provide	O
a	O
visualization	O
of	O
disk	O
space	O
usage	O
by	O
getting	O
the	O
size	O
for	O
each	O
folder	O
(	O
including	O
sub	O
folders	O
)	O
and	O
files	O
in	O
folder	O
or	O
drive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tape	O
initializers	O
write	O
a	O
label	B-Device
to	O
a	O
magnetic	O
tape	O
or	O
other	O
magnetic	O
medium	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Archivers	B-Application
output	O
a	O
stream	O
or	O
a	O
single	O
file	O
when	O
provided	O
with	O
a	O
directory	O
or	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
nearly	O
universal	O
type	O
of	O
archive	O
file	O
format	O
is	O
the	O
zip	B-General_Concept
file	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Cryptographic	B-Application
utilities	O
encrypt	O
and	O
decrypt	O
streams	O
and	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	B-General_Concept
compression	I-General_Concept
utilities	O
output	O
a	O
shorter	O
stream	O
or	O
a	O
smaller	O
file	O
when	O
provided	O
with	O
a	O
stream	O
or	O
file	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	B-General_Concept
conversion	I-General_Concept
utilities	O
transform	O
data	O
from	O
a	O
source	O
file	O
to	O
some	O
other	O
format	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
from	O
a	O
text	O
file	O
to	O
a	O
PDF	B-Application
document	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	B-Application
recovery	I-Application
utilities	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
rescue	O
good	O
data	O
from	O
corrupted	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	B-General_Concept
synchronization	I-General_Concept
utilities	O
establish	O
consistency	O
among	O
data	O
from	O
a	O
source	O
to	O
a	O
target	O
data	O
storage	O
and	O
vice	O
versa	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
File	B-Application
synchronization	I-Application
utilities	O
maintain	O
consistency	O
between	O
two	O
sources	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
create	O
redundancy	O
or	O
backup	B-Application
copies	O
but	O
are	O
also	O
used	O
to	O
help	O
users	O
carry	O
their	O
digital	O
music	O
,	O
photos	O
and	O
video	O
in	O
their	O
mobile	B-Application
devices	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Revision	B-Architecture
control	I-Architecture
utilities	O
can	O
recreate	O
a	O
coherent	O
structure	O
where	O
multiple	O
users	O
simultaneously	O
modify	O
the	O
same	O
file	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Disk	B-Application
cleaners	I-Application
find	O
files	O
that	O
are	O
unnecessary	O
to	O
computer	O
operation	O
,	O
or	O
take	O
up	O
considerable	O
amounts	O
of	O
space	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
File	B-Application
comparison	I-Application
utilities	O
provide	O
a	O
standalone	O
capability	O
to	O
detect	O
differences	O
between	O
files	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
File	B-Application
managers	I-Application
provide	O
a	O
convenient	O
method	O
of	O
performing	O
routine	O
data	O
management	O
,	O
email	O
recovery	O
and	O
management	O
tasks	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
deleting	O
,	O
renaming	O
,	O
cataloging	O
,	O
uncataloging	O
,	O
moving	O
,	O
copying	O
,	O
merging	O
,	O
setting	O
write	O
protection	O
status	O
,	O
setting	O
file	O
access	O
permissions	O
,	O
generating	O
and	O
modifying	O
folders	O
and	O
data	O
sets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hex	B-Application
editors	I-Application
directly	O
modify	O
the	O
text	O
or	O
data	O
of	O
a	O
file	O
without	O
regard	O
to	O
file	O
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
HTML	B-Application
checkers	I-Application
validate	O
HTML	B-Language
code	I-Language
and	O
check	O
links	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Installation	B-Application
or	O
setup	O
utilities	O
are	O
used	O
to	O
initialize	O
or	O
configure	B-Device
programs	O
,	O
usually	O
applications	B-Application
programs	I-Application
,	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
a	O
specific	O
computer	O
environment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
also	O
Uninstallers	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Screensavers	B-General_Concept
prevent	O
phosphor	O
burn-in	O
on	O
CRT	B-Device
and	O
plasma	O
computer	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
.	O
</s>
