<s>
Useware	B-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
generic	O
term	O
introduced	O
in	O
1998	O
that	O
denotes	O
all	O
hard	O
-	O
and	O
software	B-Architecture
components	I-Architecture
of	O
a	O
technical	O
system	O
that	O
serves	O
its	O
interactive	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
main	O
idea	O
of	O
the	O
term	O
Useware	B-General_Concept
is	O
the	O
focus	O
on	O
technical	O
design	O
according	O
to	O
human	O
abilities	O
and	O
needs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Today	O
,	O
Useware	B-General_Concept
requires	O
its	O
own	O
need	O
for	O
development	O
which	O
is	O
partly	O
higher	O
than	O
in	O
the	O
classical	O
development	O
fields	O
(	O
Zuehlke	O
,	O
2004	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Often	O
the	O
Useware	B-General_Concept
of	O
machines	O
with	O
similar	O
or	O
equal	O
technical	O
functions	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
characteristic	O
that	O
sets	O
it	O
apart	O
(	O
Zuehlke	O
,	O
2002	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Similar	O
to	O
software	B-General_Concept
engineering	I-General_Concept
,	O
Useware	B-General_Concept
engineering	O
implies	O
the	O
standardized	O
production	O
of	O
Useware	B-General_Concept
by	O
engineers	O
and	O
the	O
associated	O
processes	O
(	O
see	O
figure	O
1	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
aim	O
of	O
Useware	B-General_Concept
engineering	O
is	O
to	O
develop	O
interfaces	O
that	O
are	O
easy	O
to	O
understand	O
and	O
efficient	O
to	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
the	O
objective	O
of	O
systematic	O
Useware	B-General_Concept
engineering	O
guarantees	O
high	O
usability	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
actual	O
tasks	O
of	O
the	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Therefore	O
,	O
the	O
professional	O
associations	O
GfA	O
(	O
Gesellschaft	O
für	O
Arbeitswissenschaft	O
)	O
,	O
GI	O
(	O
Gesellschaft	O
für	O
Informatik	O
)	O
,	O
VDE-ITG	O
(	O
The	O
Information	B-General_Concept
Technology	I-General_Concept
Society	O
in	O
VDE	O
)	O
and	O
VDI/VDE	O
GMA	O
(	O
The	O
Society	O
for	O
Measurement	O
and	O
Automatic	O
Control	O
in	O
the	O
VDI/VDE	O
)	O
agreed	O
in	O
1998	O
on	O
defining	O
Useware	B-General_Concept
as	O
a	O
new	O
term	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
Useware	B-General_Concept
was	O
intentionally	O
selected	O
in	O
linguistic	O
analogy	O
to	O
hard	O
and	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Consequently	O
,	O
Useware	B-General_Concept
engineering	O
developed	O
in	O
a	O
similar	O
way	O
to	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
engineering	O
processes	O
(	O
see	O
figure	O
2	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
reinforces	O
the	O
principal	O
demand	O
for	O
structured	O
development	O
of	O
user-centered	O
user	B-Application
interfaces	I-Application
expressed	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Useware	B-General_Concept
development	O
process	O
distinguishes	O
the	O
following	O
steps	O
:	O
analysis	O
,	O
structure	O
design	O
,	O
design	O
,	O
realisation	O
,	O
and	O
evaluation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
the	O
Extensible	B-Protocol
Markup	I-Protocol
Language	I-Protocol
(	O
XML	B-Protocol
)	O
make	O
it	O
possible	O
to	O
avoid	O
information	O
losses	O
and	O
media	O
breaks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Therefore	O
the	O
first	O
step	O
in	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
a	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
is	O
to	O
analyze	O
the	O
users	O
,	O
their	O
tasks	O
,	O
and	O
their	O
work	O
environment	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
requirements	O
and	O
needs	O
of	O
these	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
step	O
forms	O
the	O
basis	O
for	O
a	O
user	O
-	O
and	O
task-oriented	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
engineers	O
,	O
computer	B-General_Concept
scientists	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
psychologists	O
should	O
be	O
involved	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Especially	O
in	O
the	O
analysis	O
phase	O
,	O
task	O
models	O
are	O
generated	O
for	O
documentation	O
and	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
generation	O
,	O
which	O
implicitly	O
contains	O
a	O
function	O
model	O
of	O
the	O
process	O
and/or	O
of	O
the	O
machine	O
(	O
Meixner	O
and	O
Goerlich	O
,	O
2008	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
abstract	O
use	O
model	O
(	O
Zuehlke	O
and	O
Thiels	O
,	O
2008	O
)	O
is	O
developed	O
on	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
this	O
information	O
which	O
is	O
platform-independent	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
result	O
of	O
the	O
structuring	O
phase	O
is	O
the	O
basic	O
structure	O
of	O
the	O
future	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
use	O
model	O
is	O
modeled	O
using	O
the	O
Useware	B-General_Concept
Markup	O
Language	O
,	O
useML	O
(	O
Reuther	O
,	O
2003	O
)	O
within	O
a	O
model-based	O
development	B-Application
environment	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Parallel	O
to	O
the	O
structuring	O
phase	O
a	O
hardware	O
platform	O
for	O
the	O
Useware	B-General_Concept
has	O
to	O
be	O
selected	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
prototyping	O
,	O
developers	O
must	O
select	O
a	O
development	B-Application
tool	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
the	O
selected	O
development	B-Application
environment	I-Application
provides	O
import	O
possibilities	O
,	O
the	O
developed	O
use	O
model	O
can	O
be	O
imported	O
and	O
the	O
derivation	O
of	O
the	O
user	B-Application
interface	I-Application
can	O
be	O
processed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Today	O
‘	O
s	O
field	O
of	O
development	B-Application
tools	I-Application
has	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
notations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Developers	O
need	O
to	O
represent	O
the	O
Useware	B-General_Concept
in	O
form	O
of	O
prototypes	O
,	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
paper	B-Application
prototypes	I-Application
or	O
Microsoft	B-Application
PowerPoint	I-Application
prototypes	O
.	O
</s>
