<s>
The	B-General_Concept
user-subjective	I-General_Concept
approach	I-General_Concept
is	O
the	O
first	O
interaction	B-General_Concept
design	I-General_Concept
approach	O
dedicated	O
specifically	O
to	O
personal	B-Application
information	I-Application
management	I-Application
(	O
PIM	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
,	O
email	O
applications	O
and	O
web	B-Application
browsers	I-Application
)	O
can	O
make	O
systematic	O
use	O
of	O
subjective	O
(	O
i.e.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-General_Concept
user-subjective	I-General_Concept
approach	I-General_Concept
takes	O
advantage	O
of	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
in	O
PIM	O
the	O
person	O
who	O
retrieves	O
the	O
information	O
is	O
the	O
same	O
person	O
who	O
had	O
previously	O
stored	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-General_Concept
user-subjective	I-General_Concept
approach	I-General_Concept
identifies	O
three	O
subjective	O
attributes	O
–	O
the	O
project	O
which	O
the	O
item	O
was	O
classified	O
to	O
,	O
its	O
degree	O
of	O
importance	O
to	O
the	O
user	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
context	O
in	O
which	O
the	O
item	O
was	O
used	O
during	O
the	O
interaction	O
with	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-General_Concept
user-subjective	I-General_Concept
approach	I-General_Concept
was	O
evaluated	O
in	O
a	O
which	O
used	O
questionnaires	O
,	O
screen	O
shots	O
and	O
in-depth	O
interviews	O
(	O
N	O
=	O
84	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
operation	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
level	O
the	O
users	O
would	O
navigate	O
to	O
a	O
folder	O
and	O
find	O
there	O
all	O
project	O
related	O
files	O
,	O
emails	O
,	O
web	O
favorites	O
,	O
tasks	O
,	O
contacts	O
and	O
notes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
looking	O
at	O
these	O
folders	O
at	O
their	O
mail	O
box	O
the	O
users	O
would	O
see	O
only	O
their	O
emails	O
and	O
only	O
web	O
favorites	O
through	O
their	O
browser	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Results	O
show	O
that	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
GrayArea	O
reduced	O
the	O
clutter	O
in	O
folders	O
,	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
easier	O
for	O
participants	O
to	O
demote	O
files	O
than	O
to	O
delete	O
them	O
and	O
that	O
they	O
would	O
use	O
it	O
if	O
provided	O
in	O
their	O
next	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-General_Concept
user-subjective	I-General_Concept
approach	I-General_Concept
was	O
developed	O
by	O
Ofer	O
Bergman	O
during	O
his	O
Ph.D.	O
at	O
Tel	O
Aviv	O
University	O
supervised	O
by	O
Prof	O
.	O
Rafi	O
Nachmias	O
and	O
guided	O
by	O
Prof	O
.	O
Ruth	O
Beyth-Marom	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2003	O
they	O
had	O
published	O
a	O
paper	O
titled	O
"	O
The	B-General_Concept
user-subjective	I-General_Concept
approach	I-General_Concept
to	O
personal	B-Application
information	I-Application
management	I-Application
"	O
at	O
the	O
Journal	O
of	O
the	O
American	O
Society	O
for	O
Information	O
Science	O
and	O
Technology	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2004	O
the	O
paper	O
was	O
recognized	O
by	O
The	O
American	O
Library	O
Association	O
as	O
field	O
representative	O
when	O
choosing	O
personal	B-Application
information	I-Application
management	I-Application
as	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
“	O
ten	O
top	O
technology	O
issues	O
and	O
trends	O
in	O
today	O
's	O
libraries	O
”	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2008	O
they	O
had	O
published	O
another	O
JASIST	O
paper	O
called	O
"	O
The	B-General_Concept
user-subjective	I-General_Concept
approach	I-General_Concept
to	O
personal	B-Application
information	I-Application
management	I-Application
systems	O
design	O
:	O
Evidence	O
and	O
implementations	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
grant	O
research	O
plan	O
called	O
PIM	O
includes	O
further	O
studies	O
of	O
the	B-General_Concept
user-subjective	I-General_Concept
approach	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
