<s>
User-in-the-Loop	B-Protocol
(	O
UIL	O
)	O
refers	O
to	O
the	O
notion	O
that	O
a	O
technology	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
network	O
)	O
can	O
improve	O
a	O
performance	O
objective	O
by	O
engaging	O
its	O
human	O
users	O
(	O
Layer	B-Architecture
8	I-Architecture
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wireless	O
resources	O
including	O
the	O
bandwidth	O
(	O
frequency	O
)	O
are	O
an	O
increasingly	O
scarce	O
resource	O
and	O
the	O
while	O
current	O
demand	O
on	O
wireless	B-General_Concept
network	I-General_Concept
is	O
below	O
the	O
supply	O
in	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
times	O
(	O
potentials	O
capacity	O
of	O
the	O
wireless	O
links	O
based	O
on	O
technology	O
limitations	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
rapid	O
and	O
exponential	O
increase	O
in	O
demand	O
will	O
render	O
wireless	O
access	O
an	O
increasingly	O
expensive	O
resource	O
in	O
a	O
matter	O
of	O
few	O
years	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
UIL	O
used	O
in	O
wireless	O
communications	O
is	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
the	O
Smart	B-Architecture
Grid	I-Architecture
of	O
Communications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
aims	O
for	O
avoiding	O
a	O
location	O
of	O
bad	O
link	B-Protocol
adaptation	I-Protocol
or	O
excess	O
use	O
during	O
the	O
busy	O
hour	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
benefit	O
in	O
a	O
wireless	B-General_Concept
network	I-General_Concept
is	O
granting	O
the	O
user	O
a	O
higher	O
bit	O
rate	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
for	O
the	O
conforming	O
user	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
penalty	O
could	O
be	O
in	O
place	O
when	O
using	O
the	O
system	O
is	O
bad	O
for	O
the	O
total	O
goal	O
at	O
the	O
current	O
time	O
or	O
location	O
(	O
busy	O
hour	O
,	O
congestion	O
situation	O
,	O
bad	O
link	B-Protocol
adaptation	I-Protocol
)	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
keep	O
the	O
user	O
from	O
using	O
the	O
system	O
under	O
these	O
circumstances	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
green	O
aspect	O
for	O
a	O
wireless	B-General_Concept
network	I-General_Concept
is	O
as	O
follows	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Power	O
consumed	O
by	O
wireless	B-General_Concept
infrastructure	I-General_Concept
like	O
base	O
stations	O
,	O
switching	O
centers	O
currently	O
already	O
accounts	O
for	O
0.5	O
%	O
of	O
the	O
global	O
electric	O
power	O
consumption	O
and	O
therefore	O
the	O
carbon	O
emissions	O
.	O
</s>
