<s>
Universal	B-Protocol
Acceptance	I-Protocol
(	O
UA	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
term	O
coined	O
to	O
represent	O
the	O
principle	O
that	O
every	O
top-level	O
domain	O
(	O
TLD	O
)	O
should	O
function	O
within	O
all	O
applications	O
regardless	O
of	O
script	O
,	O
number	O
of	O
characters	O
,	O
or	O
how	O
new	O
it	O
is	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
began	O
to	O
change	O
in	O
2000	O
,	O
when	O
ICANN	B-Application
introduced	O
new	O
generic	O
top-level	O
domains	O
(	O
gTLDs	O
)	O
that	O
were	O
longer	O
than	O
three	O
characters	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
.info	O
and	O
.museum	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ICANN	B-Application
began	O
to	O
address	O
these	O
issues	O
through	O
initiatives	O
such	O
as	O
creating	O
a	O
Universal	B-Protocol
Acceptance	I-Protocol
Toolkit	O
in	O
2006	O
,	O
which	O
provided	O
reference	O
code	O
to	O
software	O
developers	O
on	O
how	O
to	O
cater	O
for	O
all	O
TLDs	O
correctly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2010	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
internationalised	B-Language
domain	I-Language
names	I-Language
(	O
IDNs	B-Language
)	O
,	O
or	O
domain	O
names	O
using	O
non-Latin	O
characters	O
,	O
were	O
introduced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2013	O
,	O
ICANN	B-Application
's	O
New	O
gTLD	O
Program	O
introduced	O
over	O
1,000	O
new	O
gTLDs	O
to	O
its	O
root	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
expansion	O
of	O
the	O
Domain	O
Name	O
System	O
’s	O
Root	O
Zone	O
further	O
exacerbated	O
challenges	O
associated	O
with	O
universal	B-Protocol
acceptance	I-Protocol
of	O
these	O
domain	O
names	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
the	O
principles	O
of	O
Universal	B-Protocol
Acceptance	I-Protocol
to	O
be	O
realized	O
,	O
all	O
valid	O
domain	O
names	O
and	O
email	O
addresses	O
must	O
be	O
accepted	O
,	O
validated	O
,	O
stored	O
,	O
processed	O
and	O
displayed	O
correctly	O
and	O
consistently	O
by	O
all	O
Internet-enabled	O
applications	O
,	O
devices	O
and	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2015	O
,	O
the	O
Universal	B-Protocol
Acceptance	I-Protocol
Steering	O
Group	O
(	O
UASG	O
)	O
was	O
established	O
at	O
the	O
ICANN52	O
meeting	O
in	O
Singapore	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
UASG	O
has	O
grown	O
into	O
a	O
community-led	O
program	O
,	O
supported	O
by	O
ICANN	B-Application
,	O
aimed	O
at	O
facilitating	O
the	O
adoption	O
of	O
Universal	B-Protocol
Acceptance	I-Protocol
principles	O
by	O
the	O
industry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2002	O
,	O
Ram	O
Mohan	O
,	O
then	O
CTO	O
of	O
the	O
.INFO	O
TLD	O
,	O
experienced	O
the	O
first	O
instances	O
of	O
Universal	B-Protocol
Acceptance	I-Protocol
problems	O
,	O
and	O
crafted	O
three	O
laws	O
that	O
appeared	O
valid	O
in	O
the	O
domain	O
name	O
space	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
success	O
of	O
Universal	B-Protocol
Acceptance	I-Protocol
would	O
result	O
in	O
these	O
laws	O
becoming	O
obsolete	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
study	O
found	O
that	O
desktop	O
browsers	O
generally	O
performed	O
well	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
performed	O
as	O
expected	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
mobile	O
platforms	O
,	O
the	O
results	O
of	O
the	O
tests	O
were	O
much	O
more	O
varied	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
browsers	O
performing	O
differently	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
with	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
problems	O
being	O
the	O
proper	O
display	O
of	O
Unicode	O
URLs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
study	O
concluded	O
that	O
developers	O
are	O
making	O
progress	O
in	O
making	O
browsers	O
UA	O
Ready	O
,	O
but	O
there	O
is	O
more	O
work	O
to	O
do	O
on	O
every	O
browser	O
except	O
Internet	B-Application
Explorer	I-Application
,	O
a	O
browser	O
that	O
has	O
been	O
discontinued	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Internationalized	O
email	O
address	O
is	O
also	O
part	O
of	O
Universal	B-Protocol
Acceptance	I-Protocol
Steering	O
Group	O
,	O
where	O
Email	O
Service	O
providers	O
are	O
motivated	O
to	O
start	O
providing	O
email	O
address	O
for	O
IDNs	B-Language
and	O
also	O
engage	O
them	O
to	O
solve	O
issues	O
related	O
to	O
interoperability	O
with	O
legacy	O
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2022	O
,	O
ICANN	B-Application
and	O
the	O
UASG	O
their	O
intention	O
to	O
celebrate	O
the	O
UA	O
Day	O
,	O
starting	O
with	O
the	O
first	O
one	O
on	O
28	O
March	O
2023	O
.	O
</s>
