<s>
United	B-Application
Linux	I-Application
was	O
an	O
attempt	O
by	O
a	O
consortium	O
of	O
Linux	B-Application
distributors	I-Application
to	O
create	O
a	O
common	O
base	O
distribution	O
for	O
enterprise	O
use	O
,	O
so	O
as	O
to	O
minimize	O
duplication	O
of	O
engineering	O
effort	O
and	O
form	O
an	O
effective	O
competitor	O
to	O
Red	O
Hat	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
founding	O
members	O
of	O
United	B-Application
Linux	I-Application
were	O
SUSE	O
,	O
Turbolinux	O
,	O
Conectiva	O
(	O
now	O
merged	O
with	O
MandrakeSoft	O
to	O
form	O
Mandriva	O
)	O
and	O
Caldera	O
International	O
(	O
later	O
renamed	O
to	O
The	O
SCO	O
Group	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
rise	O
of	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
during	O
the	O
1990s	O
,	O
Linux	B-Application
distributions	I-Application
proliferated	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
the	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
and	O
GNU	B-Operating_System
were	O
both	O
free	B-Application
software	I-Application
,	O
anyone	O
could	O
put	O
together	O
and	O
market	O
a	O
distribution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
moves	O
towards	O
the	O
United	B-Application
Linux	I-Application
project	O
were	O
made	O
at	O
COMDEX	O
in	O
November	O
1999	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
were	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
false	O
starts	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
participants	O
consistently	O
agreed	O
that	O
a	O
unified	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
platform	O
for	O
business	O
made	O
sense	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Starting	O
in	O
March	O
and	O
April	O
2002	O
,	O
the	O
United	B-Application
Linux	I-Application
board	O
put	O
together	O
a	O
base	O
technical	O
specification	O
,	O
getting	O
input	O
from	O
the	O
four	O
consortium	O
members	O
and	O
their	O
business	O
partners	O
and	O
vendors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
UnitedLinux	B-Application
,	O
LLC	O
was	O
formed	O
May	O
29	O
,	O
2002	O
and	O
the	O
project	O
was	O
announced	O
to	O
the	O
world	O
on	O
May	O
30	O
,	O
2002	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
legal	O
agreements	O
were	O
signed	O
by	O
the	O
founding	O
members	O
at	O
this	O
time	O
,	O
the	O
Master	O
Transaction	O
Agreement	O
(	O
MTA	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
Joint	O
Development	O
Contract	O
(	O
JDC	O
)	O
;	O
the	O
JDC	O
was	O
also	O
signed	O
by	O
UnitedLinux	B-Application
,	O
LLC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
contracts	O
provided	O
,	O
in	O
part	O
,	O
that	O
intellectual	O
property	O
related	O
to	O
UnitedLinux	B-Application
Software	O
(	O
with	O
certain	O
exceptions	O
)	O
would	O
be	O
assigned	O
to	O
UnitedLinux	B-Application
,	O
LLC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Further	O
,	O
"[e]ach	O
member	O
shall	O
have	O
a	O
broad	O
,	O
royalty-free	O
license	O
to	O
all	O
intellectual	O
property	O
rights	O
in	O
the	O
UnitedLinux	B-Application
Software	O
,	O
entitling	O
each	O
member	O
to	O
"	O
use	O
,	O
copy	O
,	O
modify	O
,	O
distribute	O
,	O
market	O
,	O
advertise	O
,	O
sell	O
,	O
offer	O
for	O
sale	O
,	O
sublicense	O
...	O
in	O
any	O
manner	O
the	O
Software	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
rights	O
to	O
make	O
derivative	O
works	O
of	O
the	O
Software	O
,	O
to	O
provide	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
Source	O
Code	O
and/or	O
Object	O
Code	O
to	O
any	O
third	O
party	O
,	O
to	O
incorporate	O
the	O
Software	O
into	O
other	O
products	O
or	O
bundle	O
the	O
Software	O
with	O
other	O
products	O
for	O
its	O
own	O
business	O
purposes	O
and	O
any	O
other	O
unlimited	O
right	O
of	O
exploitation	O
"	O
;	O
existing	O
open	O
source	O
licenses	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
GNU	B-License
General	I-License
Public	I-License
License	I-License
,	O
also	O
continued	O
to	O
apply	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
first	O
beta	O
was	O
released	O
to	O
United	B-Application
Linux	I-Application
member	O
partners	O
on	O
August	O
14	O
,	O
2002	O
,	O
a	O
public	O
beta	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
September	O
25	O
,	O
2002	O
and	O
United	B-Application
Linux	I-Application
1.0	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
November	O
19	O
,	O
2002	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
a	O
detailed	O
case	O
study	O
in	O
what	O
led	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
four	O
partners	O
to	O
embrace	O
the	O
ideals	O
of	O
United	B-Application
Linux	I-Application
see	O
Caldera	B-Operating_System
OpenLinux	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
distribution	O
was	O
based	O
on	O
SUSE	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
and	O
the	O
Linux	B-Application
Standard	I-Application
Base	I-Application
,	O
with	O
the	O
plan	O
being	O
for	O
SUSE	O
to	O
do	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
engineering	O
work	O
and	O
SCO	O
,	O
Turbolinux	O
and	O
Conectiva	O
primarily	O
to	O
market	O
the	O
distribution	O
in	O
their	O
territories	O
and	O
markets	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
end	O
of	O
United	B-Application
Linux	I-Application
was	O
announced	O
in	O
a	O
Novell	O
press	O
conference	O
on	O
January	O
22	O
,	O
2004	O
by	O
Richard	O
Seibt	O
,	O
president	O
of	O
the	O
SUSE	O
division	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
stated	O
reason	O
was	O
that	O
the	O
SCO	O
v	O
.	O
IBM	O
lawsuit	O
and	O
The	O
SCO	O
Group	O
's	O
public	O
attacks	O
on	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
had	O
made	O
the	O
alliance	O
unworkable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
emerged	O
that	O
no	O
real	O
work	O
had	O
been	O
done	O
on	O
United	B-Application
Linux	I-Application
since	O
soon	O
after	O
SCO	O
v	O
.	O
IBM	O
had	O
started	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
SUSE	O
had	O
ceased	O
active	O
participation	O
around	O
this	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
last	O
United	B-Application
Linux	I-Application
announcements	O
were	O
of	O
Oracle	B-Application
Corporation	I-Application
support	O
for	O
it	O
on	O
13	O
March	O
2003	O
,	O
and	O
of	O
AMD64	B-Device
CPU	B-General_Concept
support	O
on	O
22	O
April	O
2003	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
some	O
have	O
reported	O
that	O
UnitedLinux	B-Application
ended	O
,	O
in	O
fact	O
the	O
group	O
did	O
not	O
gain	O
consensus	O
to	O
dissolve	O
the	O
partnership	O
and	O
the	O
legal	O
entity	O
remains	O
in	O
effect	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
SCO	O
v	O
.	O
Novell	O
complaint	O
was	O
amended	O
on	O
February	O
3	O
,	O
2006	O
to	O
add	O
copyright	O
infringement	O
claims	O
,	O
relating	O
to	O
Novell	O
's	O
distribution	O
of	O
SuSE	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
argued	O
in	O
the	O
Request	O
that	O
through	O
the	O
MTA	O
and	O
JDC	O
,	O
"	O
the	O
UnitedLinux	B-Application
members	O
agreed	O
that	O
each	O
member	O
would	O
have	O
an	O
irrevocable	O
,	O
perpetual	O
,	O
and	O
worldwide	O
license	O
to	O
use	O
and	O
unlimitedly	O
exploit	O
any	O
intellectual	O
property	O
rights	O
of	O
the	O
other	O
members	O
in	O
the	O
UnitedLinux	B-Application
Software	O
,	O
which	O
would	O
be	O
transferred	O
to	O
the	O
LLC	O
for	O
this	O
very	O
purpose.	O
"	O
</s>
