<s>
The	O
Unified	B-Application
Model	I-Application
is	O
a	O
numerical	B-General_Concept
weather	I-General_Concept
prediction	I-General_Concept
and	O
climate	B-Application
modeling	I-Application
software	O
suite	O
originally	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
United	O
Kingdom	O
Met	O
Office	O
,	O
and	O
now	O
both	O
used	O
and	O
further	O
developed	O
by	O
many	O
weather-forecasting	O
agencies	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Unified	B-Application
Model	I-Application
gets	O
its	O
name	O
because	O
a	O
single	O
model	O
is	O
used	O
across	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
both	O
timescales	O
(	O
nowcasting	O
to	O
centennial	O
)	O
and	O
spatial	O
scales	O
(	O
convective	O
scale	O
to	O
climate	O
system	O
earth	O
modelling	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
models	O
are	O
grid-point	B-Algorithm
based	O
,	O
rather	O
than	O
wave	B-Algorithm
based	I-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
are	O
run	O
on	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
supercomputers	B-Architecture
around	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Unified	B-Application
Model	I-Application
atmosphere	O
can	O
be	O
coupled	O
to	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
ocean	O
models	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Similar	O
Unified	B-Application
Model	I-Application
suites	O
with	O
global	O
and	O
regional	O
domains	O
are	O
used	O
by	O
many	O
other	O
national	O
or	O
military	O
weather	O
agencies	O
around	O
the	O
world	O
for	O
operational	O
forecasting	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Data	O
for	O
numerical	B-General_Concept
weather	I-General_Concept
prediction	I-General_Concept
is	O
provided	O
by	O
observations	O
from	O
satellites	O
,	O
from	O
the	O
ground	O
(	O
both	O
human	O
and	O
from	O
automatic	O
weather	O
stations	O
)	O
,	O
from	O
buoys	O
at	O
sea	O
,	O
radar	O
,	O
radiosonde	O
weather	O
balloons	O
,	O
wind	B-Algorithm
profilers	I-Algorithm
,	O
commercial	O
aircraft	O
and	O
a	O
background	O
field	O
from	O
previous	O
model	O
runs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Unified	B-Application
Model	I-Application
software	O
suite	O
is	O
written	O
in	O
Fortran	B-Application
(	O
originally	O
77	O
but	O
now	O
predominantly	O
90	O
)	O
and	O
uses	O
height	O
as	O
the	O
vertical	O
variable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Met	O
Office	O
runs	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
Numerical	B-General_Concept
Weather	I-General_Concept
Prediction	I-General_Concept
suites	O
using	O
the	O
UM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Covers	O
the	O
entire	O
globe	O
and	O
168	O
hours	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
twice	O
a	O
day	O
,	O
the	O
shortest	O
outlook	O
of	O
the	O
synoptic	O
scale	O
models	O
currently	O
in	O
use	O
(	O
most	O
others	O
run	O
out	O
at	O
least	O
10	O
days	O
;	O
furthermore	O
,	O
the	O
Unified	B-Application
Model	I-Application
forecasts	O
are	O
only	O
available	O
out	O
72	O
hours	O
for	O
non-paying	O
users	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unified	B-Application
Model	I-Application
suites	O
which	O
are	O
similar	O
to	O
those	O
from	O
the	O
Met	O
Office	O
are	O
run	O
by	O
the	O
Australian	O
Bureau	O
of	O
Meteorology	O
,	O
the	O
Australian	O
Commonwealth	O
Scientific	O
and	O
Industrial	O
Research	O
Organisation	O
,	O
the	O
South	O
African	O
Weather	O
Service	O
,	O
the	O
Norwegian	O
Meteorological	O
Institute	O
,	O
the	O
New	O
Zealand	O
National	O
Institute	O
of	O
Water	O
and	O
Atmospheric	O
Research	O
,	O
the	O
 [ South ] 	O
Korea	O
Meteorological	O
Administration	O
and	O
the	O
National	O
Centre	O
for	O
Medium	O
Range	O
Weather	O
Forecasting	O
,	O
a	O
subordinate	O
office	O
of	O
the	O
Indian	O
Ministry	O
of	O
Earth	O
Sciences	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Australian	O
Bureau	O
of	O
Meteorology	O
,	O
have	O
an	O
operational	O
12km	O
resolution	O
global	O
forecasting	O
system	O
utilizing	O
the	O
Unified	B-Application
Model	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
global	O
system	O
provides	O
boundary	O
conditions	O
for	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
higher	O
resolution	O
regional	O
systems	O
also	O
using	O
the	O
Unified	B-Application
Model	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
 [ South ] 	O
Korea	O
Meteorological	O
Administration	O
have	O
an	O
operational	O
10km	O
resolution	O
global	O
forecasting	O
system	O
utilizing	O
the	O
Unified	B-Application
Model	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
global	O
system	O
provides	O
boundary	O
conditions	O
for	O
a	O
1.5km	O
resolution	O
local	O
Unified	B-Application
Model	I-Application
NWP	B-General_Concept
system	O
covering	O
the	O
Korean	O
Peninsula	O
Region	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
JULES	O
models	O
the	O
exchange	O
of	O
heat	O
and	O
moisture	O
between	O
the	O
Unified	B-Application
Model	I-Application
atmosphere	O
and	O
the	O
land	O
surface	O
and	O
vegetation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
JULES	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
used	O
offline	O
to	O
estimate	O
the	O
impacts	O
of	O
different	O
climate	B-Application
models	I-Application
on	O
the	O
land	O
surface	O
and	O
hydrology	O
.	O
</s>
