<s>
Rocket	O
U2	O
is	O
a	O
suite	O
of	O
database	B-Application
management	I-Application
(	O
DBMS	O
)	O
and	O
supporting	O
software	O
now	O
owned	O
by	O
Rocket	O
Software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
includes	O
two	O
MultiValue	B-Application
database	I-Application
platforms	O
:	O
UniData	B-Application
and	O
UniVerse	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
of	O
these	O
products	O
are	O
operating	B-Application
environments	I-Application
which	O
run	O
on	O
current	O
Unix	B-Application
,	O
Linux	B-Application
and	O
Windows	B-Application
operating	I-Application
systems	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
are	O
both	O
derivatives	O
of	O
the	O
Pick	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
family	O
also	O
includes	O
developer	B-Application
and	O
web-enabling	O
technologies	O
including	O
SB/XA	B-Language
(	O
sometimes	O
known	O
as	O
SB+	B-Language
or	I-Language
SystemBuilder	I-Language
)	O
,	O
U2	O
Web	O
Development	O
Environment	O
(	O
WebDE	O
)	O
,	O
UniObjects	O
connectivity	O
API	B-General_Concept
and	O
wIntegrate	O
terminal	O
emulation	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
UniVerse	O
was	O
originally	O
developed	O
by	O
VMark	O
Software	O
and	O
UniData	B-Application
was	O
originally	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
Unidata	B-Application
Corporation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
Universe	O
and	O
Unidata	B-Application
are	O
used	O
for	O
vertical	B-Application
application	I-Application
development	I-Application
and	O
are	O
embedded	O
into	O
the	O
vertical	B-Application
software	I-Application
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1997	O
,	O
the	O
Unidata	B-Application
Corporation	O
merged	O
with	O
VMark	O
Systems	O
to	O
form	O
Ardent	O
Software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2000	O
,	O
Ardent	O
Software	O
was	O
acquired	O
by	O
Informix	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
subsequently	O
acquired	O
the	O
database	O
division	O
of	O
Informix	B-Application
in	O
April	O
2001	O
,	O
making	O
UniVerse	O
and	O
UniData	B-Application
part	O
of	O
IBM	O
's	O
DB2	O
product	O
family	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
IBM	O
subsequently	O
created	O
the	O
Information	O
Management	O
group	O
of	O
which	O
Data	O
Management	O
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
sub-areas	O
under	O
which	O
the	O
IBM	O
U2	O
family	O
comprised	O
UniData	B-Application
and	O
UniVerse	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
tools	O
,	O
SystemBuilder	O
Extensible	O
Architecture	O
(	O
SB/XA	B-Language
)	O
,	O
U2	O
Web	O
Development	O
Environment	O
(	O
U2	O
Web	O
DE	O
)	O
and	O
wIntegrate	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Accounts	O
are	O
directories	O
stored	O
on	O
the	O
host	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
that	O
initially	O
contain	O
the	O
set	O
of	O
files	B-Operating_System
needed	O
for	O
the	O
system	O
to	O
function	O
properly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
includes	O
the	O
system	O
's	O
VOC	O
(	O
vocabulary	O
)	O
file	O
that	O
contains	O
every	O
command	B-Application
,	O
filename	B-Device
,	O
keyword	O
,	O
alias	B-Device
,	O
script	B-Language
,	O
and	O
other	O
pointers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Files	B-Operating_System
are	O
similar	O
to	O
tables	B-Application
in	O
a	O
relational	B-Application
database	I-Application
in	O
that	O
each	O
file	O
has	O
a	O
unique	O
name	O
to	O
distinguish	O
it	O
from	O
other	O
files	B-Operating_System
and	O
zero	O
to	O
multiple	O
unique	O
records	O
that	O
are	O
logically	O
related	O
to	O
each	O
other	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Files	B-Operating_System
are	O
made	O
of	O
two	O
parts	O
:	O
a	O
data	O
file	O
and	O
a	O
file	O
dictionary	O
(	O
DICT	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
hashed	O
files	B-Operating_System
,	O
a	O
U2	O
system	O
uses	O
a	O
hashing	B-Error_Name
algorithm	I-Error_Name
to	O
allocate	O
the	O
file	O
's	O
records	O
into	O
groups	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
record	B-Application
IDs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
searching	O
for	O
data	O
in	O
a	O
hashed	O
file	O
,	O
the	O
system	O
only	O
searches	O
the	O
group	O
where	O
the	O
record	B-Application
ID	I-Application
is	O
stored	O
,	O
making	O
the	O
search	O
process	O
more	O
efficient	O
and	O
quicker	O
than	O
searching	O
through	O
the	O
whole	O
file	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Nonhashed	O
files	B-Operating_System
are	O
used	O
to	O
store	O
data	O
with	O
little	O
or	O
no	O
logical	O
structure	O
such	O
as	O
program	O
source	O
code	O
,	O
XML	B-Protocol
or	O
plain	O
text	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
type	O
of	O
file	O
is	O
stored	O
as	O
a	O
subdirectory	O
within	O
the	O
account	O
directory	O
on	O
the	O
host	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
and	O
may	O
be	O
read	O
or	O
edited	O
using	O
appropriate	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Files	B-Operating_System
are	O
made	O
of	O
records	O
,	O
which	O
are	O
similar	O
to	O
rows	O
within	O
tables	B-Application
of	O
a	O
relational	B-Application
database	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
record	B-Application
has	O
a	O
unique	B-Application
key	I-Application
(	O
called	O
a	O
"	O
record	B-Application
ID	I-Application
"	O
)	O
to	O
distinguish	O
it	O
from	O
other	O
records	O
in	O
the	O
file	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
record	B-Application
IDs	O
are	O
typically	O
hashed	O
so	O
that	O
data	O
can	O
be	O
retrieved	O
quickly	O
and	O
efficiently	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Records	O
(	O
including	O
record	B-Application
IDs	O
)	O
store	O
the	O
actual	O
data	O
as	O
pure	O
ASCII	B-Protocol
strings	O
;	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
binary	O
data	O
stored	O
in	O
U2	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
hardware	O
representation	O
of	O
a	O
floating-point	O
number	O
would	O
be	O
converted	O
to	O
its	O
ASCII	B-Protocol
equivalent	O
before	O
being	O
stored	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
field	B-Application
is	O
separated	O
by	O
a	O
"	O
field	B-Application
mark	O
"	O
(	O
hexadecimal	O
character	O
FE	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
might	O
represent	O
a	O
record	B-Application
in	O
the	O
EMPLOYEE	O
file	O
with	O
123-45-6789	O
as	O
the	O
Record	B-Application
ID	I-Application
,	O
JOHN	O
JONES	O
as	O
the	O
first	O
field	B-Application
,	O
jjones@example.com	O
as	O
the	O
second	O
field	B-Application
and	O
$4321.00	O
as	O
a	O
monthly	O
salary	O
stored	O
in	O
the	O
third	O
field	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
The	O
up-arrow	O
( ^	O
)	O
above	O
is	O
the	O
standard	O
Pick	B-Application
notation	O
of	O
a	O
field	B-Application
mark	O
;	O
that	O
is	O
,	O
xFE	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
the	O
first	O
three	O
fields	O
of	O
this	O
record	B-Application
,	O
including	O
the	O
record	B-Application
ID	I-Application
and	O
trailing	O
field	B-Application
mark	O
,	O
would	O
use	O
49	O
bytes	O
of	O
storage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
in	O
another	O
record	B-Application
of	O
the	O
same	O
file	O
,	O
JOHN	O
JONES	O
(	O
10	O
bytes	O
)	O
may	O
be	O
replaced	O
by	O
MARJORIE	O
Q	O
.	O
HUMPERDINK	O
(	O
21	O
bytes	O
)	O
yet	O
each	O
name	O
uses	O
only	O
as	O
much	O
storage	O
as	O
it	O
needs	O
,	O
plus	O
one	O
for	O
the	O
field	B-Application
mark	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
,	O
if	O
John	O
Jones	O
happened	O
to	O
get	O
a	O
second	O
email	O
address	O
,	O
the	O
record	B-Application
may	O
be	O
updated	O
to	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
each	O
email	O
address	O
can	O
be	O
the	O
ID	O
of	O
a	O
record	B-Application
in	O
separate	O
file	O
(	O
in	O
SQL	O
terms	O
,	O
an	O
outer	O
join	O
;	O
in	O
U2	O
terms	O
,	O
a	O
"	O
translate	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
this	O
provides	O
the	O
reason	O
why	O
U2	O
may	O
be	O
classified	O
as	O
a	O
MultiValued	O
database	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
record	B-Application
is	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
logical	O
grouped	B-General_Concept
data	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
an	O
employee	O
record	B-Application
will	O
have	O
data	O
stored	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
fields/attributes	O
like	O
his	O
name	O
,	O
address	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
UniVerse	O
and	O
UniData	B-Application
have	O
a	O
structured	O
BASIC	O
language	O
(	O
UniVerse	O
Basic	O
and	O
UniBasic	O
,	O
respectively	O
)	O
,	O
similar	O
to	O
Pick/BASIC	O
which	O
naturally	O
operates	O
on	O
the	O
structures	O
of	O
the	O
MultiValue	B-Application
database	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
also	O
have	O
a	O
structured	O
database	B-Application
query	I-Application
language	O
(	O
RetrieVe	O
and	O
UniQuery	O
)	O
used	O
to	O
select	O
records	O
for	O
further	O
processing	O
and	O
for	O
ad	O
hoc	O
queries	O
and	O
reports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RocketU2	O
provides	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
Client	O
Tools	O
to	O
allow	O
software	B-Application
developers	I-Application
to	O
access	O
U2	O
databases	B-Application
from	O
other	O
software	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
UniVerse	O
and	O
UniData	B-Application
support	O
TLS	O
transport	O
level	O
data	O
encryption	O
and	O
record	B-Application
and	O
file	O
level	O
encryption	O
of	O
data	O
at	O
rest	O
using	O
OpenSSL	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additional	O
API	B-General_Concept
encryption	O
functionality	O
is	O
also	O
available	O
to	O
allow	O
custom	O
solutions	O
or	O
meet	O
specific	O
regulatory	O
requirements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rocket	O
Software	O
Universe	O
and	O
Unidata	B-Application
have	O
limited	O
ability	O
to	O
create	O
web-based	O
front-ends	O
to	O
Universe/UniData	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
Rocket	O
Software	O
provides	O
SQL	O
access	O
to	O
its	O
database	O
products	O
,	O
a	O
SQL-based	O
product	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
build	O
a	O
web-based	O
UI	O
to	O
the	O
databases	B-Application
;	O
regardless	O
of	O
using	O
Files	B-Operating_System
or	O
Tables	B-Application
in	O
U2	O
.	O
</s>
