<s>
Facebook	B-Application
(	O
and	O
parent	O
company	O
Meta	O
Platforms	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
criticism	O
and	O
legal	O
action	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Criticisms	O
include	O
the	O
outsize	O
influence	O
Facebook	B-Application
has	O
on	O
the	O
lives	O
and	O
health	O
of	O
its	O
users	O
and	O
employees	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
influence	O
on	O
the	O
way	O
media	O
,	O
specifically	O
news	O
,	O
is	O
reported	O
and	O
distributed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
use	O
of	O
Facebook	B-Application
can	O
have	O
negative	O
psychological	O
effects	O
that	O
include	O
feelings	O
of	O
sexual	O
jealousy	O
,	O
stress	O
,	O
lack	O
of	O
attention	O
,	O
and	O
social	O
media	O
addiction	O
that	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
is	O
comparable	O
to	O
drug	O
addiction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
operations	O
have	O
also	O
received	O
coverage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
's	O
electricity	O
usage	O
,	O
tax	O
avoidance	O
,	O
real-name	O
user	O
requirement	O
policies	O
,	O
censorship	O
policies	O
,	O
handling	O
of	O
user	O
data	O
,	O
and	O
its	O
involvement	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
PRISM	O
surveillance	O
program	O
and	O
Facebook	B-Application
–	O
Cambridge	O
Analytica	O
data	O
scandal	O
have	O
been	O
highlighted	O
by	O
the	O
media	O
and	O
by	O
critics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
has	O
come	O
under	O
scrutiny	O
for	O
'	O
ignoring	O
 '	O
or	O
shirking	O
its	O
responsibility	O
for	O
the	O
content	O
posted	O
on	O
its	O
platform	O
,	O
including	O
copyright	O
and	O
intellectual	O
property	O
infringement	O
,	O
hate	O
speech	O
,	O
incitement	O
of	O
rape	O
,	O
violence	O
against	O
minorities	O
,	O
terrorism	O
,	O
fake	O
news	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
murder	O
,	O
crimes	O
,	O
and	O
violent	O
incidents	O
live-streamed	O
through	O
its	O
Facebook	B-Application
Live	O
functionality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
and	O
its	O
employees	O
have	O
also	O
been	O
subject	O
to	O
litigation	O
cases	O
over	O
the	O
years	O
,	O
with	O
its	O
most	O
prominent	O
case	O
concerning	O
allegations	O
that	O
CEO	O
Mark	O
Zuckerberg	O
broke	O
an	O
oral	O
contract	O
with	O
Cameron	O
Winklevoss	O
,	O
Tyler	O
Winklevoss	O
,	O
and	O
Divya	O
Narendra	O
to	O
build	O
the	O
then-named	O
"	O
HarvardConnection	O
"	O
social	O
network	O
in	O
2004	O
,	O
instead	O
allegedly	O
opting	O
to	O
steal	O
the	O
idea	O
and	O
code	O
to	O
launch	O
Facebook	B-Application
months	O
before	O
HarvardConnection	O
began	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
lawsuit	O
was	O
eventually	O
settled	O
in	O
2009	O
,	O
with	O
Facebook	B-Application
paying	O
approximately	O
$20million	O
in	O
cash	O
and	O
1.25million	O
shares	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
critics	O
point	O
to	O
problems	O
which	O
they	O
say	O
will	O
result	O
in	O
the	O
demise	O
of	O
Facebook	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
has	O
been	O
banned	O
by	O
several	O
governments	O
for	O
various	O
reasons	O
,	O
including	O
Syria	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
Iran	O
and	O
Russia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
Facebook	B-Application
operates	O
transparent	O
policies	O
around	O
certain	O
types	O
of	O
content	O
moderation	O
—	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
removing	O
of	O
hateful	O
speech	O
and	O
images	O
which	O
contain	O
sex	O
or	O
violence	O
—	O
the	O
company	O
has	O
been	O
criticized	O
for	O
selectively	O
censoring	O
information	O
in	O
nontransparent	O
ways	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Newspapers	O
regularly	O
report	O
stories	O
of	O
users	O
who	O
claim	O
they	O
've	O
been	O
censored	O
on	O
Facebook	B-Application
for	O
being	O
critical	O
of	O
Facebook	B-Application
itself	O
,	O
with	O
their	O
posts	O
removed	O
or	O
made	O
less	O
visible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
media	O
reports	O
and	O
lawsuits	O
from	O
people	O
formerly	O
working	O
on	O
Facebook	B-Application
content	O
moderation	O
,	O
a	O
former	O
Facebook	B-Application
moderator	O
(	O
Chris	O
Gray	O
)	O
has	O
claimed	O
that	O
specific	O
rules	O
existed	O
to	O
monitor	O
and	O
sometimes	O
target	O
posts	O
about	O
Facebook	B-Application
which	O
are	O
anti-Facebook	O
or	O
criticize	O
Facebook	B-Application
for	O
some	O
action	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
by	O
matching	O
the	O
keywords	O
"	O
Facebook	B-Application
"	O
or	O
"	O
DeleteFacebook	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
search	O
function	O
has	O
been	O
accused	O
of	O
preventing	O
users	O
from	O
searching	O
for	O
certain	O
terms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Michael	O
Arrington	O
of	O
TechCrunch	O
has	O
written	O
about	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
possible	O
censorship	O
of	O
"	O
Ron	O
Paul	O
"	O
as	O
a	O
search	O
term	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
org	O
's	O
Facebook	B-Application
group	O
for	O
organizing	O
protests	O
against	O
privacy	O
violations	O
could	O
for	O
a	O
time	O
not	O
be	O
found	O
by	O
searching	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2015	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
reported	O
that	O
Facebook	B-Application
has	O
a	O
policy	O
to	O
censor	O
anything	O
related	O
to	O
Kurdish	O
opposition	O
against	O
Turkey	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
maps	O
of	O
Kurdistan	O
,	O
flags	O
of	O
Kurdish	O
armed	O
terrorist	O
groups	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
PKK	O
and	O
YPG	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
criticism	O
of	O
Mustafa	O
Kemal	O
Atatürk	O
,	O
the	O
founder	O
of	O
Turkey	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2016	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
banned	O
and	O
also	O
removed	O
content	O
regarding	O
the	O
Kashmir	O
dispute	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
a	O
podcast	O
,	O
Mark	O
Zuckerberg	O
admitted	O
that	O
Facebook	B-Application
suppressed	O
all	O
the	O
coverage	O
of	O
Joe	O
Biden	O
's	O
son	O
's	O
email	O
leaks	O
during	O
the	O
2020	O
United	O
States	O
elections	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
general	O
request	O
from	O
the	O
FBI	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2021	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
was	O
accused	O
of	O
censoring	O
messages	O
critical	O
of	O
Israel	O
and	O
supportive	O
of	O
Palestine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
conflict	O
over	O
the	O
Sheikh	O
Jarrah	O
property	O
dispute	O
in	O
2021	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
was	O
accused	O
of	O
deleting	O
hundreds	O
of	O
posts	O
critical	O
of	O
Israel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Senior	O
Facebook	B-Application
officials	I-Application
apologized	O
to	O
the	O
Palestinian	O
Prime	O
Minister	O
for	O
censoring	O
pro-Palestinian	O
voices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2021	O
,	O
a	O
secret	B-Application
blacklist	O
of	O
"	O
dangerous	O
individuals	O
and	O
organizations	O
"	O
maintained	O
by	O
Facebook	B-Application
was	O
discovered	O
by	O
The	O
Intercept	O
,	O
which	O
revealed	O
censorship	O
in	O
the	O
MENA	O
region	O
was	O
stricter	O
than	O
in	O
USA	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
has	O
faced	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
privacy	O
concerns	O
;	O
for	O
instance	O
,	O
in	O
August	O
2019	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
company	O
had	O
enlisted	O
contractors	O
to	O
generate	O
transcripts	O
of	O
users	O
 '	O
audio	O
chats	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
employers	O
and	O
other	O
organizations	O
and	O
individuals	O
have	O
been	O
known	O
to	O
use	O
Facebook	B-Application
data	O
for	O
their	O
own	O
purposes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2013	O
,	O
a	O
majority	O
of	O
U.S.	O
survey	O
respondents	O
reported	O
owning	O
a	O
smartphone	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2015	O
,	O
the	O
Pew	O
Research	O
Center	O
published	O
a	O
survey	O
of	O
1,060	O
U.S.	O
teenagers	O
ages	O
13	O
to	O
17	O
who	O
reported	O
that	O
nearly	O
three-quarters	O
of	O
them	O
either	O
owned	O
or	O
had	O
access	O
to	O
a	O
smartphone	B-Application
,	O
92	O
percent	O
went	O
online	O
daily	O
with	O
24	O
percent	O
saying	O
they	O
went	O
online	O
"	O
almost	O
constantly	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2016	O
,	O
Frontiers	O
in	O
Psychology	O
published	O
a	O
survey	O
of	O
457	O
post-secondary	O
student	O
Facebook	B-Application
users	I-Application
(	O
following	O
a	O
face	O
validity	O
pilot	O
of	O
another	O
47	O
post-secondary	O
student	O
Facebook	B-Application
users	I-Application
)	O
at	O
a	O
large	O
university	O
in	O
North	O
America	O
showing	O
that	O
the	O
severity	O
of	O
ADHD	O
symptoms	O
had	O
a	O
statistically	B-General_Concept
significant	I-General_Concept
positive	O
correlation	O
with	O
Facebook	B-Application
usage	O
while	O
driving	O
a	O
motor	O
vehicle	O
and	O
that	O
impulses	O
to	O
use	O
Facebook	B-Application
while	O
driving	O
were	O
more	O
potent	O
among	O
male	O
users	O
than	O
female	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2018	O
,	O
Children	O
and	O
Youth	O
Services	O
Review	O
published	O
a	O
regression	O
analysis	O
of	O
283	O
adolescent	O
Facebook	B-Application
users	I-Application
in	O
the	O
Piedmont	O
and	O
Lombardy	O
regions	O
of	O
Northern	O
Italy	O
(	O
that	O
replicated	O
previous	O
findings	O
among	O
adult	O
users	O
)	O
showing	O
that	O
adolescents	O
reporting	O
higher	O
ADHD	O
symptoms	O
positively	O
predicted	O
Facebook	B-Application
addiction	O
,	O
persistent	O
negative	O
attitudes	O
about	O
the	O
past	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
future	O
is	O
predetermined	O
and	O
not	O
influenced	O
by	O
present	O
actions	O
,	O
and	O
orientation	O
against	O
achieving	B-Application
future	I-Application
goals	I-Application
,	O
with	O
ADHD	O
symptoms	O
additionally	O
increasing	O
the	O
manifestation	O
of	O
the	O
proposed	O
category	O
of	O
psychological	O
dependence	O
known	O
as	O
"	O
problematic	O
social	O
media	O
use	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2019	O
,	O
both	O
the	O
Health	O
Secretary	O
of	O
the	O
United	O
Kingdom	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Children	O
's	O
Commissioner	O
for	O
England	O
,	O
urged	O
Facebook	B-Application
and	O
other	O
social	O
media	O
companies	O
to	O
take	O
responsibility	O
for	O
the	O
risk	O
to	O
children	O
posed	O
by	O
content	O
on	O
their	O
platforms	O
related	O
to	O
self-harm	O
and	O
suicide	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
has	O
been	O
criticized	O
for	O
making	O
people	O
envious	O
and	O
unhappy	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
constant	O
exposure	O
to	O
positive	O
yet	O
unrepresentative	O
highlights	O
of	O
their	O
peers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
effect	O
is	O
caused	O
mainly	O
by	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
most	O
users	O
of	O
Facebook	B-Application
usually	O
only	O
display	O
the	O
positive	O
aspects	O
of	O
their	O
lives	O
while	O
excluding	O
the	O
negative	O
,	O
though	O
it	O
is	O
also	O
strongly	O
connected	O
to	O
inequality	O
and	O
the	O
disparities	O
between	O
social	O
groups	O
as	O
Facebook	B-Application
is	O
open	O
to	O
users	O
from	O
all	O
classes	O
of	O
society	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
condition	O
has	O
often	O
been	O
called	O
"	O
Facebook	B-Application
Envy	O
"	O
or	O
"	O
Facebook	B-Application
Depression	O
"	O
by	O
the	O
media	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2010	O
,	O
Social	O
Science	O
Computer	O
Review	O
published	O
research	O
by	O
economists	O
Ralf	O
Caers	O
and	O
Vanessa	O
Castelyns	O
who	O
sent	O
an	O
online	O
questionnaire	O
to	O
398	O
and	O
353	O
LinkedIn	O
and	O
Facebook	B-Application
users	I-Application
respectively	O
in	O
Belgium	O
and	O
found	O
that	O
both	O
sites	O
had	O
become	O
tools	O
for	O
recruiting	O
job	O
applicants	O
for	O
professional	O
occupations	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
additional	O
information	O
about	O
applicants	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
being	O
used	O
by	O
recruiters	O
to	O
decide	O
which	O
applicants	O
would	O
receive	O
interviews	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2017	O
,	O
sociologist	O
Ofer	O
Sharone	O
conducted	O
interviews	O
with	O
unemployed	O
workers	O
to	O
research	O
the	O
effects	O
of	O
LinkedIn	O
and	O
Facebook	B-Application
as	O
labor	O
market	O
intermediaries	O
and	O
found	O
that	O
social	O
networking	O
services	O
(	O
SNS	O
)	O
have	O
had	O
a	O
filtration	O
effect	O
that	O
has	O
little	O
to	O
do	O
with	O
evaluations	O
of	O
merit	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
SNS	O
filtration	O
effect	O
has	O
exerted	O
new	O
pressures	O
on	O
workers	O
to	O
manage	O
their	O
careers	O
to	O
conform	O
to	O
the	O
logic	O
of	O
the	O
SNS	O
filtration	O
effect	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
joint	O
study	O
conducted	O
by	O
two	O
German	O
universities	O
demonstrated	O
Facebook	B-Application
envy	O
and	O
found	O
that	O
as	O
many	O
as	O
one	O
out	O
of	O
three	O
people	O
actually	O
feel	O
worse	O
and	O
less	O
satisfied	O
with	O
their	O
lives	O
after	O
visiting	O
the	O
site	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
that	O
,	O
social	O
interaction	O
was	O
the	O
second	O
biggest	O
cause	O
of	O
envy	O
,	O
as	O
Facebook	B-Application
users	I-Application
compare	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
birthday	O
greetings	O
,	O
likes	O
,	O
and	O
comments	O
to	O
those	O
of	O
their	O
friends	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
2013	O
study	O
by	O
researchers	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Michigan	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
more	O
people	O
used	O
Facebook	B-Application
,	O
the	O
worse	O
they	O
felt	O
afterwards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Social	O
networks	O
,	O
like	O
Facebook	B-Application
,	O
can	O
have	O
a	O
detrimental	O
effect	O
on	O
marriages	O
,	O
with	O
users	O
becoming	O
worried	O
about	O
their	O
spouse	O
's	O
contacts	O
and	O
relations	O
with	O
other	O
people	O
online	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
marital	O
breakdown	O
and	O
divorce	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
a	O
2009	O
survey	O
in	O
the	O
UK	O
,	O
around	O
20	O
percent	O
of	O
divorce	O
petitions	O
included	O
references	O
to	O
Facebook	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
has	O
given	O
us	O
a	O
new	O
platform	O
for	O
interpersonal	O
communication	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Researchers	O
proposed	O
that	O
high	O
levels	O
of	O
Facebook	B-Application
use	O
could	O
result	O
in	O
Facebook-related	O
conflict	O
and	O
breakup/divorce	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Previous	O
studies	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
romantic	O
relationships	O
can	O
be	O
damaged	O
by	O
excessive	O
Internet	O
use	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
jealousy	O
,	O
partner	O
surveillance	O
,	O
ambiguous	O
information	O
,	O
and	O
online	O
portrayal	O
of	O
intimate	O
relationships	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
the	O
article	O
,	O
researchers	O
suspect	O
that	O
Facebook	B-Application
may	O
contribute	O
to	O
an	O
increase	O
in	O
divorce	O
and	O
infidelity	O
rates	O
in	O
the	O
near	O
future	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
amount	O
and	O
ease	O
of	O
accessibility	O
to	O
connect	O
with	O
past	O
partners	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
use	O
of	O
Facebook	B-Application
can	O
cause	O
feelings	O
of	O
sexual	O
jealousy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Research	O
performed	O
by	O
psychologists	O
from	O
Edinburgh	O
Napier	O
University	O
indicated	O
that	O
Facebook	B-Application
adds	O
stress	O
to	O
users	O
 '	O
lives	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Causes	O
of	O
stress	O
included	O
fear	O
of	O
missing	O
important	O
social	O
information	O
,	O
fear	O
of	O
offending	O
contacts	O
,	O
discomfort	O
or	O
guilt	O
from	O
rejecting	O
user	O
requests	O
or	O
deleting	O
unwanted	O
contacts	O
or	O
being	O
unfriended	O
or	O
blocked	O
by	O
Facebook	B-Application
friends	O
or	O
other	O
users	O
,	O
the	O
displeasure	O
of	O
having	O
friend	O
requests	O
rejected	O
or	O
ignored	O
,	O
the	O
pressure	O
to	O
be	O
entertaining	O
,	O
criticism	O
or	O
intimidation	O
from	O
other	O
Facebook	B-Application
users	I-Application
,	O
and	O
having	O
to	O
use	O
appropriate	O
etiquette	O
for	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
friends	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
people	O
who	O
started	O
using	O
Facebook	B-Application
for	O
positive	O
purposes	O
or	O
with	O
positive	O
expectations	O
have	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
website	O
has	O
negatively	O
impacted	O
their	O
lives	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2018	O
,	O
a	O
meta-analysis	O
published	O
in	O
Psychology	O
of	O
Popular	O
Media	O
found	O
that	O
grandiose	O
narcissism	O
positively	O
correlated	O
with	O
time	O
spent	O
on	O
social	O
media	O
,	O
frequency	O
of	O
status	B-Application
updates	I-Application
,	O
number	O
of	O
friends	O
or	O
followers	O
,	O
and	O
frequency	O
of	O
posting	O
self-portrait	O
digital	O
photographs	O
,	O
while	O
a	O
meta-analysis	O
published	O
in	O
the	O
Journal	O
of	O
Personality	O
in	O
April	O
2018	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
positive	O
correlation	O
between	O
grandiose	O
narcissism	O
and	O
social	O
networking	O
service	O
usage	O
was	O
replicated	O
across	O
platforms	O
(	O
including	O
Facebook	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2020	O
,	O
the	O
Journal	O
of	O
Adult	O
Development	O
published	O
a	O
regression	O
discontinuity	O
analysis	O
of	O
254	O
Millennial	O
Facebook	B-Application
users	I-Application
investigating	O
differences	O
in	O
narcissism	O
and	O
Facebook	B-Application
usage	O
between	O
the	O
age	O
cohorts	O
born	O
from	O
1977	O
to	O
1990	O
and	O
from	O
1991	O
to	O
2000	O
and	O
found	O
that	O
the	O
later	O
born	O
Millennials	O
scored	O
significantly	B-General_Concept
higher	O
on	O
both	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Also	O
in	O
2018	O
,	O
social	O
psychologist	O
Jonathan	O
Haidt	O
and	O
FIRE	O
President	O
Greg	O
Lukianoff	O
noted	O
in	O
The	O
Coddling	O
of	O
the	O
American	O
Mind	O
that	O
former	O
Facebook	B-Application
president	O
Sean	O
Parker	O
stated	O
in	O
a	O
2017	O
interview	O
that	O
the	O
Like	O
button	O
was	O
consciously	O
designed	O
to	O
prime	O
users	O
receiving	O
likes	O
to	O
feel	O
a	O
dopamine	O
rush	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
"	O
social-validation	O
feedback	O
loop	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Citing	O
February	O
2017	O
Pew	O
Research	O
Center	O
survey	O
data	O
showing	O
that	O
critical	O
Facebook	B-Application
postings	O
expressing	O
"	O
indignant	O
disagreement	O
"	O
were	O
twice	O
as	O
likely	O
to	O
receive	O
likes	O
,	O
comments	O
,	O
or	O
shares	O
(	O
along	O
with	O
a	O
similar	O
finding	O
for	O
Twitter	B-Application
posts	O
published	O
in	O
PNAS	O
USA	O
in	O
July	O
2017	O
)	O
,	O
Haidt	O
and	O
Tobias	O
Rose-Stockwell	O
cite	O
the	O
phrase	O
"	O
moral	O
grandstanding	O
"	O
to	O
describe	O
how	O
having	O
an	O
audience	O
on	O
social	O
media	O
forums	O
converts	O
much	O
of	O
its	O
interpersonal	O
communication	O
into	O
a	O
public	O
performance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
schizophrenia	B-Application
,	O
bipolar	O
disorder	O
,	O
major	O
depressive	O
disorder	O
)	O
,	O
that	O
mass	O
shootings	O
have	O
become	O
more	O
common	O
than	O
other	O
forms	O
of	O
mass	O
murder	O
since	O
1970	O
(	O
with	O
73	O
percent	O
occurring	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
alone	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
mass	O
shooters	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
were	O
more	O
likely	O
to	O
have	O
legal	O
histories	O
,	O
to	O
engage	O
in	O
recreational	O
drug	O
use	O
or	O
alcohol	O
abuse	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
display	O
non-psychotic	O
psychiatric	O
or	O
neurologic	O
symptoms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
is	O
a	O
Big	O
Tech	O
company	O
with	O
over	O
2.7billion	O
monthly	O
active	O
users	O
as	O
of	O
the	O
second	O
quarter	O
of	O
2020	O
and	O
therefore	O
has	O
a	O
meaningful	O
impact	O
on	O
the	O
masses	O
that	O
use	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Big	B-Application
data	I-Application
algorithms	O
are	O
used	O
in	O
personalized	O
content	O
creation	O
and	O
automatization	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
this	O
method	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
manipulate	O
users	O
in	O
various	O
ways	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
problem	O
of	O
misinformation	O
is	O
exacerbated	O
by	O
the	O
educational	O
bubble	B-Algorithm
,	O
users	O
 '	O
critical	O
thinking	O
ability	O
and	O
news	O
culture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Based	O
on	O
a	O
2015	O
study	O
,	O
62.5	O
%	O
of	O
the	B-Application
Facebook	I-Application
users	O
are	O
oblivious	O
to	O
any	O
curation	O
of	O
their	O
News	B-Application
Feed	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
has	O
remained	O
scarce	O
in	O
transparency	O
of	O
the	O
inner	O
workings	O
of	O
the	O
algorithms	O
used	O
for	O
News	B-Application
Feed	I-Application
correlation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
this	O
leads	O
to	O
the	O
formation	O
of	O
a	O
filter	B-Algorithm
bubble	I-Algorithm
that	O
starts	O
to	O
refrain	O
users	O
from	O
diverse	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2015	O
,	O
researchers	O
from	O
Facebook	B-Application
published	O
a	O
study	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	B-Application
Facebook	I-Application
algorithm	O
perpetuates	O
an	O
echo	O
chamber	O
amongst	O
users	O
by	O
occasionally	O
hiding	O
content	O
from	O
individual	O
feeds	O
that	O
users	O
potentially	O
would	O
disagree	O
with	O
:	O
for	O
example	O
the	O
algorithm	O
removed	O
one	O
in	O
every	O
13	O
diverse	O
content	O
from	O
news	O
sources	O
for	O
self-identified	O
liberals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
general	O
,	O
the	O
results	O
from	O
the	O
study	O
indicated	O
that	O
the	B-Application
Facebook	I-Application
algorithm	O
ranking	O
system	O
caused	O
approximately	O
15%	O
less	O
diverse	O
material	O
in	O
users	O
 '	O
content	O
feeds	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
70%	O
reduction	O
in	O
the	O
click-through-rate	O
of	O
the	O
diverse	O
material	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2018	O
,	O
social	O
psychologist	O
Jonathan	O
Haidt	O
and	O
FIRE	O
President	O
Greg	O
Lukianoff	O
argued	O
in	O
The	O
Coddling	O
of	O
the	O
American	O
Mind	O
that	O
the	B-Algorithm
filter	I-Algorithm
bubbles	I-Algorithm
created	O
by	O
the	O
News	B-Application
Feed	I-Application
algorithm	O
of	O
Facebook	B-Application
and	O
other	O
platforms	O
are	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
principal	O
factors	O
amplifying	O
political	O
polarization	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
since	O
2000	O
(	O
when	O
a	O
majority	O
of	O
U.S.	O
households	O
first	O
had	O
at	O
least	O
one	O
personal	O
computer	O
and	O
then	O
internet	O
access	O
the	O
following	O
year	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
The	O
Signal	O
and	O
the	O
Noise	O
(	O
2012	O
)	O
,	O
statistician	O
Nate	O
Silver	O
noted	O
that	O
IBM	O
had	O
estimated	O
that	O
the	O
world	O
was	O
generating	O
2.5	O
quintillion	O
bytes	B-Application
of	O
data	O
each	O
day	O
(	O
more	O
than	O
90	O
percent	O
of	O
which	O
was	O
created	O
in	O
the	O
previous	O
two	O
years	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
increase	O
in	O
data	O
was	O
analogous	O
to	O
increases	O
in	O
book	O
production	O
as	O
a	O
consequence	O
of	O
the	O
invention	O
of	O
the	O
printing	O
press	O
in	O
1440	O
by	O
Johannes	O
Gutenberg	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
effect	O
of	O
the	O
increase	O
in	O
book	O
production	O
in	O
causing	O
the	O
Reformation	O
,	O
the	O
Counter-Reformation	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
European	O
wars	O
of	O
religion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
has	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
in	O
the	O
political	O
field	O
,	O
a	O
counter-effect	O
on	O
being	O
informed	O
:	O
in	O
two	O
studies	O
from	O
the	O
US	O
with	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
more	O
than	O
2,000	O
participants	O
,	O
the	O
influence	O
of	O
social	O
media	O
on	O
the	O
general	O
knowledge	O
on	O
political	O
issues	O
was	O
examined	O
in	O
the	O
context	O
of	O
two	O
US	O
presidential	O
elections	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
results	O
showed	O
that	O
the	O
frequency	O
of	O
Facebook	B-Application
use	O
was	O
moderately	O
negatively	O
related	O
to	O
general	O
political	O
knowledge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
the	O
latter	O
,	O
a	O
causal	O
relationship	O
is	O
indicated	O
:	O
the	O
higher	O
the	B-Application
Facebook	I-Application
use	O
,	O
the	O
more	O
the	O
general	O
political	O
knowledge	O
declines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
the	O
2021	O
United	O
States	O
Capitol	O
attack	O
,	O
in	O
February	O
2021	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
announced	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
reduce	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
political	O
content	O
in	O
users	O
News	B-Application
Feeds	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Students	O
of	O
high	O
schools	O
face	O
a	O
possibility	O
of	O
bullying	O
and	O
other	O
adverse	O
behaviors	O
over	O
Facebook	B-Application
every	O
day	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
studies	O
have	O
attempted	O
to	O
discover	O
whether	O
Facebook	B-Application
has	O
a	O
positive	O
or	O
negative	O
effect	O
on	O
children	O
's	O
and	O
teenagers	O
 '	O
social	O
lives	O
,	O
and	O
many	O
of	O
them	O
have	O
come	O
to	O
the	O
conclusion	O
that	O
there	O
are	O
distinct	O
social	O
problems	O
that	O
arise	O
with	O
Facebook	B-Application
usage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
people	O
are	O
networked	O
on	O
Facebook	B-Application
,	O
their	O
expectations	O
of	O
each	O
other	O
tend	O
to	O
be	O
lessened	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Academic	O
and	O
Facebook	B-Application
researchers	O
have	O
collaborated	O
to	O
test	O
if	O
the	O
messages	O
people	O
see	O
on	O
Facebook	B-Application
can	O
influence	O
their	O
behavior	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
instance	O
,	O
in	O
"	O
A	O
61-Million-Person	O
Experiment	O
in	O
Social	O
Influence	O
And	O
Political	O
Mobilization	O
"	O
,	O
during	O
the	O
2010	O
elections	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
users	I-Application
were	O
given	O
the	O
opportunity	O
to	O
"	O
tell	O
your	O
friends	O
you	O
voted	O
"	O
by	O
clicking	O
on	O
an	O
"	O
I	O
voted	O
"	O
button	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Much	O
more	O
controversially	O
,	O
a	O
2014	O
study	O
of	O
"	O
Emotional	O
Contagion	O
Through	O
Social	O
Networks	O
"	O
manipulated	O
the	O
balance	O
of	O
positive	O
and	O
negative	O
messages	O
seen	O
by	O
689,000	O
Facebook	B-Application
users	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
researchers	O
concluded	O
that	O
they	O
had	O
found	O
"	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
experimental	O
evidence	O
to	O
support	O
the	O
controversial	O
claims	O
that	O
emotions	O
can	O
spread	O
throughout	O
a	O
network	O
,	O
 [ though ] 	O
the	O
effect	B-Application
sizes	I-Application
from	O
the	O
manipulations	O
are	O
small.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
controversy	O
about	O
the	O
study	O
grew	O
,	O
Adam	O
Kramer	O
,	O
a	O
lead	O
author	O
of	O
both	O
studies	O
and	O
member	O
of	O
the	B-Application
Facebook	I-Application
data	O
team	O
,	O
defended	O
the	O
work	O
in	O
a	O
Facebook	B-Application
update	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
few	O
days	O
later	O
,	O
Sheryl	O
Sandburg	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
COO	O
,	O
made	O
a	O
statement	O
while	O
traveling	O
abroad	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Shortly	O
thereafter	O
,	O
on	O
July	O
3	O
,	O
2014	O
,	O
USA	O
Today	O
reported	O
that	O
the	O
privacy	O
watchdog	O
group	O
Electronic	O
Privacy	O
Information	O
Center	O
(	O
EPIC	O
)	O
had	O
filed	O
a	O
formal	O
complaint	O
with	O
the	O
Federal	O
Trade	O
Commission	O
claiming	O
that	O
Facebook	B-Application
had	O
broken	O
the	O
law	O
when	O
it	O
conducted	O
the	O
study	O
on	O
the	O
emotions	O
of	O
its	O
users	O
without	O
their	O
knowledge	O
or	O
consent	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
its	O
complaint	O
,	O
EPIC	O
alleged	O
that	O
Facebook	B-Application
had	O
deceived	O
users	O
by	O
secretly	O
conducting	O
a	O
psychological	O
experiment	O
on	O
their	O
emotions	O
:	O
"	O
At	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
experiment	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
did	O
not	O
state	O
in	O
the	O
Data	O
Use	O
Policy	O
that	O
user	O
data	O
would	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
research	O
purposes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
also	O
failed	O
to	O
inform	O
users	O
that	O
their	O
personal	O
information	O
would	O
be	O
shared	O
with	O
researchers.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Grohol	O
concluded	O
that	O
given	O
these	O
subtleties	O
,	O
the	O
effect	B-Application
size	I-Application
of	O
the	O
findings	O
are	O
little	O
more	O
than	O
a	O
"	O
statistical	O
blip	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
consequences	O
of	O
the	O
controversy	O
are	O
pending	O
(	O
be	O
it	O
FTC	O
or	O
court	O
proceedings	O
)	O
but	O
it	O
did	O
prompt	O
an	O
"	O
Editorial	O
Expression	O
of	O
Concern	O
"	O
from	O
its	O
publisher	O
,	O
the	O
Proceedings	O
of	O
the	O
National	O
Academy	O
of	O
Sciences	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
blog	O
posting	O
from	O
OkCupid	B-Application
titled	O
"	O
We	O
experiment	O
on	O
human	O
beings	O
!	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
uses	O
a	O
complicated	O
series	O
of	O
shell	O
companies	O
in	O
tax	O
havens	O
to	O
avoid	O
paying	O
billions	O
of	O
dollars	O
in	O
corporate	O
tax	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
The	O
Express	O
Tribune	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
is	O
among	O
the	O
corporations	O
that	O
"	O
avoided	O
billions	O
of	O
dollars	O
in	O
tax	O
using	O
offshore	O
companies.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
routes	O
billions	O
of	O
dollars	O
in	O
profits	O
using	O
the	O
Double	O
Irish	O
and	O
Dutch	O
Sandwich	O
tax	O
avoidance	O
schemes	O
to	O
bank	O
accounts	O
in	O
the	O
Cayman	O
Islands	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Dutch	O
newspaper	O
NRC	O
Handelsblad	O
concluded	O
from	O
the	O
Paradise	O
Papers	O
published	O
in	O
late	O
2017	O
that	O
Facebook	B-Application
pays	O
"	O
practically	O
no	O
taxes	O
"	O
worldwide	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
paid	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
economist	O
and	O
member	O
of	O
the	O
PvdA	O
delegation	O
inside	O
the	O
Progressive	O
Alliance	O
of	O
Socialists	O
&	O
Democrats	O
in	O
the	O
European	O
Parliament	O
(	O
S&D	O
)	O
Paul	O
Tang	O
,	O
between	O
2013	O
and	O
2015	O
the	O
EU	O
lost	O
an	O
estimated	O
€	O
1,453	O
m	O
–	O
€	O
2,415	O
m	O
to	O
Facebook	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
When	O
comparing	O
to	O
others	O
countries	O
outside	O
the	O
EU	O
,	O
the	O
EU	O
is	O
only	O
taxing	O
Facebook	B-Application
with	O
a	O
rate	O
of	O
0.03	O
%	O
to	O
0.1	O
%	O
of	O
its	O
revenue	O
(	O
around	O
6%	O
of	O
its	O
EBT	O
)	O
whereas	O
this	O
rate	O
is	O
near	O
28%	O
in	O
countries	O
outside	O
the	O
EU	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Even	O
had	O
a	O
rate	O
between	O
2%	O
and	O
5%	O
been	O
applied	O
during	O
this	O
period	O
–	O
as	O
suggested	O
by	O
the	O
ECOFIN	O
Council	O
–	O
a	O
fraud	O
of	O
this	O
rate	O
by	O
Facebook	B-Application
would	O
have	O
meant	O
a	O
loss	O
to	O
the	O
EU	O
between	O
€327m	O
and	O
€817m	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
July	O
6	O
,	O
2016	O
,	O
the	O
U.S.	O
Department	O
of	O
Justice	O
filed	O
a	O
petition	O
in	O
the	O
U.S.	O
District	O
Court	O
in	O
San	O
Francisco	O
,	O
asking	O
for	O
a	O
court	O
order	O
to	O
enforce	O
an	O
administrative	O
summons	O
issued	O
to	O
Facebook	B-Application
,	O
Inc.	O
,	O
under	O
Internal	O
Revenue	O
Code	O
section	O
7602	O
,	O
in	O
connection	O
with	O
an	O
Internal	O
Revenue	O
Service	O
examination	O
of	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
year	O
2010	O
U.S.	O
Federal	O
income	O
tax	O
return	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2017	O
,	O
the	O
Irish	O
Independent	O
recorded	O
that	O
for	O
the	O
2016	O
financial	O
year	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
had	O
paid	O
€30million	O
of	O
Irish	O
corporation	O
tax	O
on	O
€12.6	O
billion	O
of	O
revenues	O
that	O
were	O
routed	O
through	O
Ireland	O
,	O
giving	O
an	O
Irish	O
effective	O
tax	O
rate	O
of	O
under	O
1%	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
€12.6	O
billion	O
of	O
2016	O
Facebook	B-Application
revenues	O
routed	O
through	O
Ireland	O
was	O
almost	O
half	O
of	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
global	O
revenues	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2018	O
,	O
Reuters	O
wrote	O
that	O
all	O
of	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
non	O
–	O
U.S.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2018	O
,	O
the	O
Irish	O
Times	O
reported	O
that	O
Facebook	B-Application
routed	O
over	O
€18.7	O
billion	O
of	O
revenues	O
through	O
Ireland	O
(	O
almost	O
half	O
all	O
global	O
revenues	O
)	O
,	O
on	O
which	O
it	O
paid	O
€38million	O
of	O
Irish	O
corporation	O
tax	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
hires	O
some	O
employees	O
through	O
contractors	O
,	O
including	O
Accenture	O
,	O
Arvato	O
,	O
Cognizant	O
,	O
CPL	O
Resources	O
,	O
and	O
Genpact	O
,	O
to	O
serve	O
as	O
content	O
moderators	O
,	O
reviewing	O
potentially	O
problematic	O
content	O
posted	O
to	O
both	O
Facebook	B-Application
and	O
Instagram	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2020	O
,	O
employees	O
in	O
Tampa	O
,	O
Florida	O
filed	O
a	O
lawsuit	O
against	O
Facebook	B-Application
and	O
Cognizant	O
alleging	O
they	O
developed	O
PTSD	O
and	O
related	O
mental	O
health	O
impairments	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
constant	O
and	O
unmitigated	O
exposure	O
to	O
disturbing	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2020	O
,	O
the	O
European	O
Union	O
Commissioners	O
criticized	O
the	O
plans	O
that	O
Facebook	B-Application
has	O
for	O
dealing	O
with	O
the	O
working	O
conditions	O
of	O
those	O
who	O
are	O
contracted	O
to	O
moderate	O
content	O
on	O
the	O
social	O
media	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
agreed	O
to	O
settle	O
a	O
class	O
action	O
lawsuit	O
for	O
$52million	O
on	O
May	O
12	O
,	O
2020	O
,	O
which	O
included	O
a	O
$	O
1,000	O
payment	O
to	O
each	O
of	O
the	O
11,250	O
moderators	O
in	O
the	O
class	O
,	O
with	O
additional	O
compensation	O
available	O
for	O
the	O
treatment	O
of	O
PTSD	O
and	O
other	O
conditions	O
resulting	O
from	O
the	O
jobs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Plans	O
for	O
a	O
Facebook-owned	O
real	O
estate	O
development	O
known	O
as	O
"	O
Willow	O
Village	O
"	O
have	O
been	O
criticized	O
for	O
resembling	O
a	O
"	O
company	O
town	O
"	O
,	O
which	O
often	O
curtails	O
the	O
rights	O
of	O
residents	O
,	O
and	O
encourages	O
or	O
forces	O
employees	O
to	O
remain	O
within	O
an	O
environment	O
created	O
and	O
monitored	O
by	O
their	O
employer	O
outside	O
of	O
work	O
hours	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
operational	O
manager	O
at	O
Facebook	B-Application
as	O
of	O
March	O
2021	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
three	O
former	O
candidates	O
of	O
the	B-Application
Facebook	I-Application
hiring	O
process	O
complained	O
to	O
the	O
EEOC	O
of	O
racial	O
bias	O
being	O
practiced	O
at	O
the	O
company	O
against	O
Black	O
people	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2011	O
,	O
emails	O
were	O
sent	O
to	O
journalists	O
and	O
bloggers	O
making	O
critical	O
allegations	O
about	O
Google	O
's	O
privacy	O
policies	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
later	O
discovered	O
that	O
the	O
anti-Google	O
campaign	O
,	O
conducted	O
by	O
PR	O
giant	O
Burson-Marsteller	O
,	O
was	O
paid	O
for	O
by	O
Facebook	B-Application
in	O
what	O
CNN	B-Architecture
referred	O
to	O
as	O
"	O
a	O
new	O
level	O
skullduggery	O
"	O
and	O
which	O
Daily	O
Beast	O
called	O
a	O
"	O
clumsy	O
smear	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
taking	O
responsibility	O
for	O
the	O
campaign	O
,	O
Burson-Marsteller	O
said	O
it	O
should	O
not	O
have	O
agreed	O
to	O
keep	O
its	O
client	O
's	O
(	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
)	O
identity	O
a	O
secret	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
quickly	O
reacted	O
and	O
started	O
to	O
criticise	O
the	O
initiative	O
,	O
claiming	O
the	O
Apple	O
's	O
anti-tracking	O
privacy	O
focused	O
change	O
will	O
have	O
"	O
harmful	O
impact	O
on	O
many	O
small	O
businesses	O
that	O
are	O
struggling	O
to	O
stay	O
afloat	O
and	O
on	O
the	O
free	O
internet	O
that	O
we	O
all	O
rely	O
on	O
more	O
than	O
ever	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
also	O
launched	O
a	O
so-called	O
"	O
Speak	O
Up	O
For	O
Small	O
Businesses	O
"	O
page	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
was	O
also	O
backed	O
up	O
by	O
Electronic	O
Frontier	O
Foundation	O
(	O
EFF	O
)	O
who	O
stated	O
that	O
"	O
Facebook	B-Application
touts	O
itself	O
in	O
this	O
case	O
as	O
protecting	O
small	O
businesses	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
could	O
n't	O
be	O
further	O
from	O
the	O
truth	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2022	O
,	O
The	O
Washington	O
Post	O
revealed	O
that	O
Facebook	B-Application
had	O
partnered	O
with	O
Republican	O
consulting	O
firm	O
Targeted	O
Victory	O
to	O
orchestrate	O
a	O
campaign	O
to	O
damage	O
the	O
public	O
reputation	O
of	O
competitor	O
TikTok	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Beyond	O
acquiring	O
competitors	O
in	O
the	O
social	O
and	O
messaging	O
space	O
with	O
strong	O
potential	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
often	O
simply	O
copies	O
products	O
or	O
features	O
to	O
get	O
to	O
the	O
market	O
faster	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Internal	O
emails	O
have	O
shown	O
that	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
leadership	O
,	O
including	O
Mark	O
Zuckerberg	O
were	O
frustrated	O
by	O
the	O
time	O
the	O
company	O
spends	O
on	O
prototyping	O
,	O
and	O
suggested	O
to	O
explore	O
copying	O
entire	O
products	O
like	O
Pinterest	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
Facebook	B-Application
employees	O
seem	O
to	O
be	O
questioning	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
approach	O
of	O
cloning	O
competitors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
leaks	O
,	O
a	O
top	O
quoted	O
question	O
in	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
internal	O
all-hands	O
was	O
:	O
"	O
What	O
is	O
our	O
next	O
big	O
product	O
,	O
which	O
does	O
not	O
imitate	O
already	O
existing	O
products	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
?	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2014	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
launched	O
Slingshot	O
,	O
an	O
app	O
for	O
sending	O
ephemeral	O
photos	O
like	O
Snapchat	O
does	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2016	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
released	O
Facebook	B-Application
Stories	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
a	O
copy	O
of	O
Snapchat	O
's	O
most	O
popular	O
feature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2020	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
built	O
Instagram	B-Application
Reels	O
,	O
a	O
feature	O
that	O
functioned	O
and	O
looked	O
similar	O
to	O
TikTok	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
several	O
months	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
was	O
experimenting	O
with	O
an	O
app	O
called	O
Hobbi	O
,	O
which	O
took	O
many	O
cues	O
from	O
Pinterest	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
summer	O
of	O
2021	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
started	O
to	O
roll	O
out	O
Live	O
Audio	O
Rooms	O
,	O
which	O
resembles	O
Clubhouse	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
has	O
been	O
criticized	O
for	O
removing	O
or	O
allowing	O
various	O
content	O
on	O
posts	O
,	O
photos	O
and	O
entire	O
groups	O
and	O
profiles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
has	O
a	O
real-name	B-Application
system	I-Application
policy	O
for	O
user	O
profiles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Application
real-name	I-Application
system	I-Application
does	O
not	O
allow	O
adopted	O
names	O
or	O
pseudonyms	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
its	O
enforcement	O
has	O
suspended	O
accounts	O
of	O
legitimate	O
users	O
,	O
until	O
the	O
user	O
provides	O
identification	O
indicating	O
the	O
name	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
representatives	O
have	O
described	O
these	O
incidents	O
as	O
very	O
rare	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
user	O
claimed	O
responsibility	O
via	O
the	O
anonymous	O
Android	B-Application
and	O
iOS	B-Application
app	O
Secret	B-Application
for	O
reporting	O
"	O
fake	O
names	O
"	O
which	O
caused	O
user	O
profiles	O
to	O
be	O
suspended	O
,	O
specifically	O
targeting	O
the	O
stage	O
names	O
of	O
drag	O
queens	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
October	O
1	O
,	O
2014	O
,	O
Chris	O
Cox	O
,	O
Chief	O
Product	O
Officer	O
at	O
Facebook	B-Application
,	O
offered	O
an	O
apology	O
:	O
"	O
In	O
the	O
two	O
weeks	O
since	O
the	O
real-name	O
policy	O
issues	O
surfaced	O
,	O
we	O
've	O
had	O
the	O
chance	O
to	O
hear	O
from	O
many	O
of	O
you	O
in	O
these	O
communities	O
and	O
understand	O
the	O
policy	O
more	O
clearly	O
as	O
you	O
experience	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
We	O
owe	O
you	O
a	O
better	O
service	O
and	O
a	O
better	O
experience	O
using	O
Facebook	B-Application
,	O
and	O
we	O
're	O
going	O
to	O
fix	O
the	O
way	O
this	O
policy	O
gets	O
handled	O
so	O
everyone	O
affected	O
here	O
can	O
go	O
back	O
to	O
using	O
Facebook	B-Application
as	O
you	O
were.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
December	O
15	O
,	O
2015	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
announced	O
in	O
a	O
press	O
release	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
providing	O
a	O
compromise	O
to	O
its	O
real	O
name	O
policy	O
after	O
protests	O
from	O
groups	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
gay/lesbian	O
community	O
and	O
abuse-victims	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Product	O
manager	O
Todd	O
Gage	O
and	O
vice	O
president	O
of	O
global	O
operations	O
Justin	O
Osofsky	O
also	O
promised	O
a	O
new	O
method	O
for	O
reducing	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
members	O
who	O
must	O
go	O
through	O
ID	O
verification	O
while	O
ensuring	O
the	O
safety	O
of	O
others	O
on	O
Facebook	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
There	O
have	O
been	O
complaints	O
of	O
user	O
statuses	O
being	O
mistakenly	O
or	O
intentionally	O
deleted	O
for	O
alleged	O
violations	O
of	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
posting	O
guidelines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Especially	O
for	O
non-English	O
speaking	O
writers	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
does	O
not	O
have	O
a	O
proper	O
support	O
system	O
to	O
genuinely	O
read	O
the	O
content	O
and	O
make	O
decisions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
other	O
languages	O
than	O
English	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
until	O
now	O
is	O
not	O
able	O
to	O
identify	O
the	O
group	O
approach	O
that	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
vilify	O
humanitarian	O
activism	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
another	O
incident	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
had	O
to	O
apologize	O
after	O
it	O
deleted	O
a	O
free	O
speech	O
group	O
's	O
post	O
about	O
the	O
abuse	O
of	O
human	O
rights	O
in	O
Syria	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
that	O
case	O
,	O
a	O
spokesman	O
for	O
Facebook	B-Application
said	O
the	O
post	O
was	O
"	O
mistakenly	O
"	O
removed	O
by	O
a	O
member	O
of	O
its	O
moderation	O
team	O
,	O
which	O
receives	O
a	O
high	O
volume	O
of	O
take-down	O
requests	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
instituted	O
a	O
policy	O
by	O
which	O
it	O
is	O
now	O
self-policed	O
by	O
the	O
community	O
of	O
Facebook	B-Application
users	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
users	O
have	O
complained	O
that	O
this	O
policy	O
allows	O
Facebook	B-Application
to	O
empower	O
abusive	O
users	O
to	O
harass	O
them	O
by	O
allowing	O
them	O
to	O
submit	O
reports	O
on	O
even	O
benign	O
comments	O
and	O
photos	O
as	O
being	O
"	O
offensive	O
"	O
or	O
"	O
in	O
violation	O
of	O
Facebook	B-Application
Rights	O
and	O
Responsibilities	O
"	O
and	O
that	O
enough	O
of	O
these	O
reports	O
result	O
in	O
the	O
user	O
who	O
is	O
being	O
harassed	O
in	O
this	O
way	O
getting	O
their	O
account	O
blocked	O
for	O
a	O
predetermined	O
number	O
of	O
days	O
or	O
weeks	O
,	O
or	O
even	O
deactivated	O
entirely	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
UK	O
policy	O
director	O
Simon	O
Milner	O
told	O
Wired	O
magazine	O
that	O
"	O
Once	O
the	O
piece	O
of	O
content	O
has	O
been	O
seen	O
,	O
assessed	O
and	O
deemed	O
OK	O
,	O
(	O
Facebook	B-Application
)	O
will	O
ignore	O
further	O
reports	O
about	O
it.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
lacks	O
any	O
form	O
of	O
live	O
customer	O
support	O
beyond	O
"	O
community	O
"	O
support	O
pages	O
and	O
FAQ	O
's	O
which	O
offer	O
only	O
general	O
troubleshooting	O
advice	O
,	O
often	O
making	O
it	O
impossible	O
to	O
resolve	O
issues	O
that	O
require	O
the	O
services	O
of	O
an	O
administrator	O
or	O
are	O
not	O
covered	O
in	O
the	O
FAQs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
person	O
who	O
lost	O
access	O
to	O
Facebook	B-Application
or	O
does	O
not	O
have	O
an	O
account	O
has	O
no	O
easy	O
way	O
to	O
contact	O
the	O
company	O
directly	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
has	O
had	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
outages	O
and	O
downtime	O
large	O
enough	O
to	O
draw	O
some	O
media	O
attention	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
spite	O
of	O
these	O
occurrences	O
,	O
a	O
report	O
issued	O
by	O
Pingdom	B-Protocol
found	O
that	O
Facebook	B-Application
had	O
less	O
downtime	O
in	O
2008	O
than	O
most	O
social-networking	O
websites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
September	O
16	O
,	O
2009	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
started	O
having	O
major	O
problems	O
loading	O
as	O
people	O
signed	O
in	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Just	O
two	O
days	O
later	O
,	O
on	O
September	O
18	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
went	O
down	O
again	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2009	O
,	O
an	O
unspecified	O
number	O
of	O
Facebook	B-Application
users	I-Application
were	O
unable	O
to	O
access	O
their	O
accounts	O
for	O
over	O
three	O
weeks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
Monday	O
,	O
October	O
4	O
,	O
2021	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
and	O
its	O
other	O
apps	O
–	O
Instagram	B-Application
,	O
Whatsapp	B-Application
,	O
Messenger	B-Protocol
,	O
Oculus	B-Application
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
lesser-known	O
Mapillary	B-Application
–	O
had	O
an	O
hours-long	O
DNS-related	O
global	O
outage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
outage	O
also	O
affected	O
anyone	O
using	O
"	O
Log	O
in	O
with	O
Facebook	B-Application
"	O
to	O
access	O
third-party	O
sites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
outage	O
was	O
caused	O
by	O
a	O
BGP	B-Protocol
withdrawal	O
of	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
IP	B-Protocol
routes	O
to	O
their	O
Domain	O
Name	O
(	O
DNS	B-Protocol
)	O
servers	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
all	O
self-hosted	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
has	O
been	O
criticized	O
heavily	O
for	O
'	O
tracking	O
 '	O
users	O
,	O
even	O
when	O
logged	O
out	O
of	O
the	O
site	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Australian	O
technologist	O
Nik	O
Cubrilovic	O
discovered	O
that	O
when	O
a	O
user	O
logs	O
out	O
of	O
Facebook	B-Application
,	O
the	O
cookies	O
from	O
that	O
login	O
are	O
still	O
kept	O
in	O
the	O
browser	O
,	O
allowing	O
Facebook	B-Application
to	O
track	O
users	O
on	O
websites	O
that	O
include	O
"	O
social	O
widgets	O
"	O
distributed	O
by	O
the	O
social	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
has	O
denied	O
the	O
claims	O
,	O
saying	O
they	O
have	O
'	O
no	O
interest	O
 '	O
in	O
tracking	O
users	O
or	O
their	O
activity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
group	O
of	O
users	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
have	O
sued	O
Facebook	B-Application
for	O
breaching	O
privacy	O
laws	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
to	O
comply	O
with	O
a	O
court	O
order	O
citing	O
violations	O
of	O
the	O
European	O
Union	O
Directive	O
on	O
Privacy	O
and	O
Electronic	O
Communications	O
–	O
which	O
requires	O
users	O
to	O
consent	O
to	O
tracking	O
and	O
storage	O
of	O
data	O
by	O
websites	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
no	O
longer	O
allows	O
users	O
in	O
Belgium	O
to	O
view	O
any	O
content	O
on	O
the	O
service	O
,	O
even	O
public	O
pages	O
,	O
without	O
being	O
registered	O
and	O
logged	O
in	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2012	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
removed	O
all	O
existing	O
email	O
addresses	O
from	O
user	O
profiles	O
,	O
and	O
added	O
a	O
new	O
@facebook	B-Application
.com	I-Application
email	O
address	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
claimed	O
this	O
was	O
part	O
of	O
adding	O
a	O
"	O
new	O
setting	O
that	O
gives	O
people	O
the	O
choice	O
to	O
decide	O
which	O
addresses	O
they	O
want	O
to	O
show	O
on	O
their	O
timelines	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
complained	O
the	O
change	O
was	O
unnecessary	O
,	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
want	O
an	O
@facebook	B-Application
.com	I-Application
email	O
address	O
,	O
and	O
they	O
did	O
not	O
receive	O
adequate	O
notification	O
their	O
profiles	O
had	O
been	O
changed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
change	O
in	O
email	O
address	O
was	O
synchronized	O
to	O
phones	O
due	O
to	O
a	O
software	B-Error_Name
bug	I-Error_Name
,	O
causing	O
existing	O
email	O
addresses	O
details	O
to	O
be	O
deleted	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
March	O
27	O
,	O
2016	O
,	O
following	O
a	O
bombing	O
in	O
Lahore	O
,	O
Pakistan	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
activated	O
its	O
"	O
Safety	O
Check	O
"	O
feature	O
,	O
which	O
allows	O
people	O
to	O
let	O
friends	O
and	O
loved	O
ones	O
know	O
they	O
are	O
okay	O
following	O
a	O
crisis	O
or	O
natural	O
disaster	O
,	O
to	O
people	O
who	O
were	O
never	O
in	O
danger	O
,	O
or	O
even	O
close	O
to	O
the	O
Pakistan	O
explosion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
representatives	O
had	O
previously	O
told	O
a	O
UK	O
Parliament	O
committee	O
that	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
these	O
stronger	O
encryption	O
methods	O
would	O
render	O
it	O
easier	O
for	O
pedophiles	O
to	O
share	O
child	O
pornography	O
on	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
networks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
US-based	O
National	O
Center	O
for	O
Missing	O
and	O
Exploited	O
Children	O
estimates	O
that	O
around	O
70%	O
of	O
reports	O
to	O
law	O
enforcement	O
regarding	O
the	O
spread	O
of	O
child	O
pornography	O
on	O
Facebook	B-Application
would	O
be	O
lost	O
as	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
the	O
implementation	O
of	O
end-to-end	O
encryption	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2021	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
came	O
under	O
fire	O
from	O
Ken	O
McCallum	O
,	O
the	O
Director-General	O
of	O
MI5	O
,	O
for	O
its	O
plans	O
to	O
introduce	O
end-to-end	O
encryption	O
into	O
its	O
Messenger	B-Protocol
and	O
Instagram	B-Application
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
countries	O
have	O
banned	O
access	O
to	O
Facebook	B-Application
,	O
including	O
Syria	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
and	O
Iran	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2010	O
,	O
the	O
Office	O
of	O
the	O
Data	O
Protection	O
Supervisor	O
,	O
a	O
branch	O
of	O
the	O
government	O
of	O
the	O
Isle	O
of	O
Man	O
,	O
received	O
so	O
many	O
complaints	O
about	O
Facebook	B-Application
that	O
they	O
deemed	O
it	O
necessary	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
"	O
Facebook	B-Application
Guidance	O
"	O
booklet	O
(	O
available	O
online	O
as	O
a	O
PDF	O
file	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
cited	O
(	O
amongst	O
other	O
things	O
)	O
Facebook	B-Application
policies	O
and	O
guidelines	O
and	O
included	O
an	O
elusive	O
Facebook	B-Application
telephone	O
number	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
number	O
when	O
called	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
proved	O
to	O
provide	O
no	O
telephone	O
support	O
for	O
Facebook	B-Application
users	I-Application
,	O
and	O
only	O
played	O
back	O
a	O
recorded	O
message	O
advising	O
callers	O
to	O
review	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
online	O
help	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2010	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
reportedly	O
allowed	O
an	O
objectionable	O
page	O
,	O
deemed	O
by	O
the	O
Islamic	O
Lawyers	O
Forum	O
(	O
ILF	O
)	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
anti-Muslim	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
May	O
18	O
,	O
2010	O
,	O
Justice	O
Ijaz	O
Ahmad	O
Chaudhry	O
ordered	O
Pakistan	O
's	O
Telecommunication	O
Authority	O
to	O
block	O
access	O
to	O
Facebook	B-Application
until	O
May	O
31	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rai	O
Bashir	O
told	O
AFP	O
that	O
"	O
We	O
moved	O
the	O
petition	O
in	O
the	O
wake	O
of	O
widespread	O
resentment	O
in	O
the	O
Muslim	O
community	O
against	O
the	B-Application
Facebook	I-Application
contents	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
petition	O
called	O
on	O
the	O
government	O
of	O
Pakistan	O
to	O
lodge	O
a	O
strong	O
protest	O
with	O
the	O
owners	O
of	O
Facebook	B-Application
,	O
he	O
added	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
People	O
demonstrated	O
outside	O
court	O
in	O
the	O
eastern	O
city	O
of	O
Lahore	O
,	O
Pakistan	O
,	O
carrying	O
banners	O
condemning	O
Facebook	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
The	O
ban	O
was	O
lifted	O
on	O
May	O
31	O
after	O
Facebook	B-Application
reportedly	O
assured	O
the	O
Lahore	O
High	O
Court	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
remedy	O
the	O
issues	O
in	O
dispute	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2011	O
,	O
a	O
court	O
in	O
Pakistan	O
was	O
petitioned	O
to	O
place	O
a	O
permanent	O
ban	O
on	O
Facebook	B-Application
for	O
hosting	O
a	O
page	O
called	O
"	O
2nd	O
Annual	O
Draw	O
Muhammad	O
Day	O
May	O
20th	O
2011	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ontario	B-Architecture
government	O
employees	O
,	O
Federal	O
public	O
servants	O
,	O
MPPs	O
,	O
and	O
cabinet	O
ministers	O
were	O
blocked	O
from	O
access	O
to	O
Facebook	B-Application
on	O
government	O
computers	O
in	O
May	O
2007	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
the	O
employees	O
tried	O
to	O
access	O
Facebook	B-Application
,	O
a	O
warning	O
message	O
"	O
The	O
Internet	O
website	O
that	O
you	O
have	O
requested	O
has	O
been	O
deemed	O
unacceptable	O
for	O
use	O
for	O
government	O
business	O
purposes	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
warning	O
also	O
appears	O
when	O
employees	O
try	O
to	O
access	O
YouTube	O
,	O
MySpace	B-Application
,	O
gambling	O
or	O
pornographic	O
websites	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
number	O
of	O
local	O
governments	O
including	O
those	O
in	O
the	O
UK	O
and	O
Finland	O
imposed	O
restrictions	O
on	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
Facebook	B-Application
in	O
the	O
workplace	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
technical	O
strain	O
incurred	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
number	O
of	O
hospitals	O
in	O
Finland	O
have	O
also	O
restricted	O
Facebook	B-Application
use	O
citing	O
privacy	O
concerns	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
University	O
of	O
New	O
Mexico	O
(	O
UNM	O
)	O
in	O
October	O
2005	O
blocked	O
access	O
to	O
Facebook	B-Application
from	O
UNM	O
campus	O
computers	O
and	O
networks	O
,	O
citing	O
unsolicited	O
emails	O
and	O
a	O
similar	O
site	O
called	O
UNM	O
Facebook	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
After	O
a	O
UNM	O
user	O
signed	O
into	O
Facebook	B-Application
from	O
off	O
campus	O
,	O
a	O
message	O
from	O
Facebook	B-Application
said	O
,	O
"	O
We	O
are	O
working	O
with	O
the	O
UNM	O
administration	O
to	O
lift	O
the	O
block	O
and	O
have	O
explained	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
instituted	O
based	O
on	O
erroneous	O
information	O
,	O
but	O
they	O
have	O
not	O
yet	O
committed	O
to	O
restore	O
your	O
access.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
site	O
is	O
in	O
violation	O
of	O
UNM	O
's	O
Acceptable	B-Application
Computer	I-Application
Use	I-Application
Policy	I-Application
for	O
abusing	O
computing	O
resources	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
spamming	O
,	O
trademark	O
infringement	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
after	O
Facebook	B-Application
created	O
an	O
encrypted	O
login	O
and	O
displayed	O
a	O
precautionary	O
message	O
not	O
to	O
use	O
university	O
passwords	O
for	O
access	O
,	O
UNM	O
unblocked	O
access	O
the	O
following	O
spring	O
semester	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Columbus	O
Dispatch	O
reported	O
on	O
June	O
22	O
,	O
2006	O
,	O
that	O
Kent	O
State	O
University	O
's	O
athletic	O
director	O
had	O
planned	O
to	O
ban	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
Facebook	B-Application
by	O
athletes	O
and	O
gave	O
them	O
until	O
August	O
1	O
to	O
delete	O
their	O
accounts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
July	O
5	O
,	O
2006	O
,	O
the	O
Daily	O
Kent	O
Stater	O
reported	O
that	O
the	O
director	O
reversed	O
the	O
decision	O
after	O
reviewing	O
the	O
privacy	O
settings	O
of	O
Facebook	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
Several	O
web	O
sites	O
concerned	O
with	O
social	O
networking	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Salesforce	B-Application
have	O
criticized	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
information	O
that	O
users	O
get	O
when	O
they	O
share	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Advanced	O
users	O
cannot	O
limit	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
information	O
anyone	O
can	O
access	O
in	O
their	O
profiles	O
,	O
but	O
Facebook	B-Application
promotes	O
the	O
sharing	O
of	O
personal	O
information	O
for	O
marketing	O
purposes	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
the	O
promotion	O
of	O
the	O
service	O
using	O
personal	O
data	O
from	O
users	O
who	O
are	O
not	O
fully	O
aware	O
of	O
this	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
exposes	O
personal	O
data	O
,	O
without	O
supporting	O
open	O
standards	O
for	O
data	O
interchange	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Openbook	B-Application
was	O
established	O
in	O
early	O
2010	O
both	O
as	O
a	O
parody	O
of	O
Facebook	B-Application
and	O
a	O
critique	O
of	O
its	O
changing	O
privacy	O
management	O
protocols	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unfollow	B-Application
Everything	I-Application
is	O
a	O
browser	B-Protocol
extension	I-Protocol
created	O
by	O
Louis	O
Barclay	O
designed	O
to	O
help	O
Facebook	B-Application
users	I-Application
reduce	O
their	O
time	O
spent	O
on	O
the	O
platform	O
by	O
mass	O
unliking	O
to	O
reduce	O
the	O
clutter	O
in	O
their	O
news	B-Application
feed	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
extension	O
,	O
together	O
with	O
its	O
creator	O
,	O
has	O
been	O
banned	O
by	O
Facebook	B-Application
and	O
subject	O
to	O
legal	O
warnings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
is	O
among	O
the	O
biggest	O
spenders	O
on	O
lobbying	O
among	O
tech	O
companies	O
;	O
in	O
2020	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
highest	O
spender	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2019	O
,	O
HuffPost	O
reported	O
that	O
Facebook	B-Application
paid	O
lawyer	O
Ed	O
Sussman	O
to	O
lobby	O
for	O
changes	O
to	O
their	O
Wikipedia	O
articles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
lobbyist	O
team	O
in	O
Washington	O
suggested	O
to	O
Republican	O
lawmakers	O
that	O
the	O
whistleblower	O
"	O
was	O
trying	O
to	O
help	O
Democrats	O
,	O
"	O
while	O
the	O
narrative	O
told	O
to	O
Democratic	O
staffers	O
was	O
that	O
Republicans	O
"	O
were	O
focused	O
on	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
decision	O
to	O
ban	O
expressions	O
of	O
support	O
for	O
Kyle	O
Rittenhouse	O
,	O
"	O
The	O
Wall	O
Street	O
Journal	O
reported	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
the	O
article	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
goal	O
was	O
to	O
"	O
muddy	O
the	O
waters	O
,	O
divide	O
lawmakers	O
along	O
partisan	O
lines	O
and	O
forestall	O
a	O
cross-party	O
alliance	O
"	O
against	O
Facebook	B-Application
(	O
now	O
Meta	O
)	O
in	O
Congress	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2022	O
,	O
the	O
Washington	O
Post	O
reported	O
that	O
Meta	O
had	O
hired	O
the	O
Republican-backed	O
consulting	O
firm	O
Targeted	O
Victory	O
to	O
coordinate	O
lobbying	O
and	O
negative	O
PR	O
against	O
the	O
Chinese-owned	O
video	O
app	O
TikTok	B-Application
via	O
local	O
media	O
outlets	O
,	O
including	O
concurrent	O
promotion	O
of	O
corporate	O
initiatives	O
conducted	O
by	O
Facebook	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
While	O
Facebook	B-Application
originally	O
made	O
changes	O
to	O
its	O
terms	O
of	O
use	O
or	O
,	O
terms	O
of	O
service	O
,	O
on	O
February	O
4	O
,	O
2009	O
,	O
the	O
changes	O
went	O
unnoticed	O
until	O
Chris	O
Walters	O
,	O
a	O
blogger	O
for	O
the	O
consumer-oriented	O
blog	O
,	O
The	O
Consumerist	O
,	O
noticed	O
the	O
change	O
on	O
February	O
15	O
,	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Walters	O
complained	O
the	O
change	O
gave	O
Facebook	B-Application
the	O
right	O
to	O
"	O
Do	O
anything	O
they	O
want	O
with	O
your	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
the	O
changes	O
,	O
the	O
clause	O
read:The	O
"	O
license	O
granted	O
"	O
refers	O
to	O
the	O
license	O
that	O
Facebook	B-Application
has	O
to	O
one	O
's	O
"	O
name	O
,	O
likeness	O
,	O
and	O
image	O
"	O
to	O
use	O
in	O
promotions	O
and	O
external	O
advertising	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
omitting	O
this	O
line	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
license	O
extends	O
to	O
adopt	O
users	O
 '	O
content	O
perpetually	O
and	O
irrevocably	O
years	O
after	O
the	O
content	O
has	O
been	O
deleted	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
users	O
of	O
Facebook	B-Application
voiced	O
opinions	O
against	O
the	O
changes	O
to	O
the	B-Application
Facebook	I-Application
Terms	O
of	O
Use	O
,	O
leading	O
to	O
an	O
Internet-wide	O
debate	O
over	O
the	O
ownership	O
of	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
users	I-Application
,	O
numbering	O
more	O
than	O
38	O
,	O
000	O
,	O
joined	O
a	O
user	O
group	O
against	O
the	O
changes	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
blogs	O
and	O
news	O
sites	O
have	O
written	O
about	O
this	O
issue	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
the	O
change	O
was	O
brought	O
to	O
light	O
in	O
Walters	O
's	O
blog	O
entry	O
,	O
in	O
his	O
blog	O
on	O
February	O
16	O
,	O
2009	O
,	O
Zuckerberg	O
addressed	O
the	O
issues	O
concerning	O
the	O
recently	O
made	O
changes	O
to	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
terms	O
of	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
calm	O
criticism	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
returned	O
to	O
its	O
original	O
terms	O
of	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
on	O
February	O
17	O
,	O
2009	O
,	O
Zuckerberg	O
wrote	O
in	O
his	O
blog	O
,	O
that	O
although	O
Facebook	B-Application
reverted	O
to	O
its	O
original	O
terms	O
of	O
use	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
developing	O
new	O
terms	O
to	O
address	O
the	O
paradox	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Zuckerberg	O
stated	O
that	O
these	O
new	O
terms	O
will	O
allow	O
Facebook	B-Application
users	I-Application
to	O
"	O
share	O
and	O
control	O
their	O
information	O
,	O
and	O
it	O
will	O
be	O
written	O
clearly	O
in	O
language	O
everyone	O
can	O
understand.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Zuckerberg	O
invited	O
users	O
to	O
join	O
a	O
group	O
entitled	O
"	O
Facebook	B-Application
Bill	O
of	O
Rights	O
and	O
Responsibilities	O
"	O
to	O
give	O
their	O
input	O
and	O
help	O
shape	O
the	O
new	O
terms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Zuckerberg	O
introduces	O
the	O
two	O
new	O
additions	O
to	O
Facebook	B-Application
:	O
the	B-Application
Facebook	I-Application
Principles	O
and	O
the	O
Statement	O
of	O
Rights	O
and	O
Responsibilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
"	O
Facebook	B-Application
is	O
still	O
in	O
the	O
business	O
of	O
introducing	O
new	O
and	O
therefore	O
potentially	O
disruptive	O
technologies	O
"	O
,	O
Zuckerberg	O
explains	O
,	O
users	O
need	O
to	O
adjust	O
and	O
familiarize	O
themselves	O
with	O
the	O
products	O
before	O
they	O
can	O
adequately	O
show	O
their	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
new	O
voting	O
system	O
was	O
initially	O
applauded	O
as	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
step	O
to	O
a	O
more	O
democratized	O
social	O
network	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2009	O
,	O
EPIC	O
and	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
other	O
U.S.	O
privacy	O
organizations	O
filed	O
another	O
complaint	O
with	O
the	O
Federal	O
Trade	O
Commission	O
(	O
FTC	O
)	O
regarding	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
Terms	O
of	O
Service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2011	O
EPIC	O
filed	O
a	O
subsequent	O
complaint	O
claiming	O
that	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
new	O
policy	O
of	O
sharing	O
users	O
 '	O
home	O
address	O
and	O
mobile	O
phone	O
information	O
with	O
third-party	O
developers	O
were	O
"	O
misleading	O
and	O
fail[ed]	O
to	O
provide	O
users	O
clear	O
and	O
privacy	O
protections	O
"	O
,	O
particularly	O
for	O
children	O
under	O
age	O
18	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
temporarily	O
suspended	O
implementation	O
of	O
its	O
policy	O
in	O
February	O
2011	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
following	O
month	O
announced	O
it	O
was	O
"	O
actively	O
considering	O
"	O
reinstating	O
the	O
third-party	O
policy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
has	O
been	O
criticized	O
for	O
failing	O
to	O
offer	O
users	O
a	O
feature	O
to	O
export	O
their	O
friends	O
 '	O
information	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
contact	O
information	O
,	O
for	O
use	O
with	O
other	O
services	O
or	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
inability	O
of	O
users	O
to	O
export	O
their	O
social	O
graph	O
in	O
an	O
open	O
standard	O
format	O
contributes	O
to	O
vendor	O
lock-in	O
and	O
contravenes	O
the	O
principles	O
of	O
data	B-Application
portability	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Automated	O
collection	O
of	O
user	O
information	O
without	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
consent	O
violates	O
its	O
Statement	O
of	O
Rights	O
and	O
Responsibilities	O
,	O
and	O
third-party	O
attempts	O
to	O
do	O
so	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
Web	B-Application
scraping	I-Application
)	O
have	O
resulted	O
in	O
litigation	O
,	O
Power.com	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
Connect	O
has	O
been	O
criticized	O
for	O
its	O
lack	O
of	O
interoperability	O
with	O
OpenID	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
strategy	O
of	O
making	O
revenue	O
through	O
advertising	O
has	O
created	O
a	O
lot	O
of	O
controversy	O
for	O
its	O
users	O
as	O
some	O
argue	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
"	O
a	O
bit	O
creepy	O
...	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
also	O
brilliant.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
Facebook	B-Application
users	I-Application
have	O
raised	O
privacy	O
concerns	O
because	O
they	O
do	O
not	O
like	O
that	O
Facebook	B-Application
sells	O
user	O
's	O
information	O
to	O
third	O
parties	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2012	O
,	O
users	O
sued	O
Facebook	B-Application
for	O
using	O
their	O
pictures	O
and	O
information	O
on	O
a	O
Facebook	B-Application
advertisement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
gathers	O
user	O
information	O
by	O
keeping	O
track	O
of	O
pages	O
users	O
have	O
"	O
Liked	O
"	O
and	O
through	O
the	O
interactions	O
users	O
have	O
with	O
their	O
connections	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2009	O
users	O
also	O
filed	O
a	O
lawsuit	O
for	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
privacy	O
invasion	O
through	O
the	B-Application
Facebook	I-Application
Beacon	B-Protocol
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
team	O
believed	O
that	O
through	O
the	O
Beacon	B-Protocol
system	O
people	O
could	O
inspire	O
their	O
friends	O
to	O
buy	O
similar	O
products	O
,	O
however	O
,	O
users	O
did	O
not	O
like	O
the	O
idea	O
of	O
sharing	O
certain	O
online	O
purchases	O
with	O
their	O
Facebook	B-Application
friends	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
were	O
against	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
invasion	O
of	O
privacy	O
and	O
sharing	O
that	O
privacy	O
with	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
users	I-Application
became	O
more	O
aware	O
of	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
behavior	O
with	O
user	O
information	O
in	O
2009	O
as	O
Facebook	B-Application
launched	O
their	O
new	O
Terms	O
of	O
Service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
terms	O
of	O
service	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
admits	O
that	O
user	O
information	O
may	O
be	O
used	O
for	O
some	O
of	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
own	O
purposes	O
such	O
as	O
sharing	O
a	O
link	O
to	O
your	O
posted	O
images	O
or	O
for	O
their	O
own	O
commercials	O
and	O
advertisements	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
created	O
a	O
battle	O
between	O
Facebook	B-Application
and	O
Facebook	B-Application
users	I-Application
described	O
as	O
the	O
"	O
battle	O
for	O
information	O
control	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
users	I-Application
have	O
become	O
aware	O
of	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
intentions	O
and	O
people	O
now	O
see	O
Facebook	B-Application
"	O
as	O
serving	O
the	O
interests	O
of	O
companies	O
rather	O
than	O
its	O
users.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
response	O
to	O
Facebook	B-Application
selling	O
user	O
information	O
to	O
third	O
parties	O
,	O
concerned	O
users	O
have	O
resorted	O
to	O
the	O
method	O
of	O
"	O
Obfuscation	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Through	O
obfuscation	O
users	O
can	O
purposely	O
hide	O
their	O
real	O
identity	O
and	O
provide	O
Facebook	B-Application
with	O
false	O
information	O
that	O
will	O
make	O
their	O
collected	O
data	O
less	O
accurate	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
obfuscating	O
information	O
through	O
sites	O
such	O
as	O
FaceCloak	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
users	I-Application
have	O
regained	O
control	O
of	O
their	O
personal	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
the	O
Better	O
Business	O
Bureau	O
gave	O
Facebook	B-Application
an	O
"	O
A	O
"	O
rating	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
the	O
36-month	O
running	O
count	O
of	O
complaints	O
about	O
Facebook	B-Application
logged	O
with	O
the	O
Better	O
Business	O
Bureau	O
is	O
1136	O
,	O
including	O
101	O
(	O
"	O
Making	O
a	O
full	O
refund	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
consumer	O
requested	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
868	O
(	O
"	O
Agreeing	O
to	O
perform	O
according	O
to	O
their	O
contract	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
1	O
(	O
"	O
Refuse	O
to	O
adjust	O
,	O
relying	O
on	O
terms	O
of	O
agreement	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
20	O
(	O
"	O
Unassigned	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
0	O
(	O
"	O
Unanswered	O
"	O
)	O
and	O
136	O
(	O
"	O
Refusing	O
to	O
make	O
an	O
adjustment	O
"	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
software	O
has	O
proven	O
vulnerable	O
to	O
likejacking	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
July	O
28	O
,	O
2010	O
,	O
the	O
BBC	O
reported	O
that	O
security	O
consultant	O
Ron	O
Bowes	O
used	O
a	O
piece	O
of	O
code	O
to	O
scan	O
Facebook	B-Application
profiles	O
to	O
collect	O
data	O
of	O
100million	O
profiles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
list	O
,	O
which	O
has	O
been	O
shared	O
as	O
a	O
downloadable	O
file	O
,	O
contains	O
the	O
URL	O
of	O
every	O
searchable	O
Facebook	B-Application
user	O
's	O
profile	O
,	O
their	O
name	O
and	O
unique	O
ID	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Bowes	O
said	O
he	O
published	O
the	O
data	O
to	O
highlight	O
privacy	O
issues	O
,	O
but	O
Facebook	B-Application
claimed	O
it	O
was	O
already	O
public	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Feinberg	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
links	O
were	O
present	O
on	O
popular	O
NFL	B-Application
Facebook	B-Application
fan	O
pages	O
and	O
,	O
following	O
contact	O
with	O
Facebook	B-Application
,	O
was	O
dissatisfied	O
with	O
the	O
corporation	O
's	O
"	O
after-the-fact	O
approach	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Feinberg	O
called	O
for	O
oversight	O
,	O
stating	O
,	O
"	O
If	O
you	O
really	O
want	O
to	O
hack	O
someone	O
,	O
the	O
easiest	O
place	O
to	O
start	O
is	O
a	O
fake	O
Facebook	B-Application
it	O
's	O
so	O
simple	O
,	O
it	O
's	O
stupid.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
August	O
19	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
reported	O
that	O
a	O
Facebook	B-Application
user	O
from	O
Palestinian	O
Autonomy	O
,	O
Khalil	O
Shreateh	O
,	O
found	O
a	O
bug	B-Error_Name
that	O
allowed	O
him	O
to	O
post	O
material	O
to	O
other	O
users	O
 '	O
Facebook	B-Application
Walls	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Users	O
are	O
not	O
supposed	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
post	O
material	O
to	O
the	B-Application
Facebook	I-Application
Walls	O
of	O
other	O
users	O
unless	O
they	O
are	O
approved	O
friends	O
of	O
those	O
users	O
that	O
they	O
have	O
posted	O
material	O
to	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
prove	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
telling	O
the	O
truth	O
,	O
Shreateh	O
posted	O
material	O
to	O
Sarah	O
Goodin	O
's	O
wall	O
,	O
a	O
friend	O
of	O
Facebook	B-Application
CEO	O
Mark	O
Zuckerberg	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
this	O
,	O
Shreateh	O
contacted	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
security	O
team	O
with	O
the	O
proof	O
that	O
his	O
bug	B-Error_Name
was	O
real	O
,	O
explaining	O
in	O
detail	O
what	O
was	O
going	O
on	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
has	O
a	O
bounty	O
program	O
in	O
which	O
it	O
compensates	O
people	O
a	O
$500+	O
fee	O
for	O
reporting	O
bugs	B-Error_Name
instead	O
of	O
using	O
them	O
to	O
their	O
advantage	O
or	O
selling	O
them	O
on	O
the	O
black	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
reported	O
that	O
instead	O
of	O
fixing	O
the	O
bug	B-Error_Name
and	O
paying	O
Shreateh	O
the	O
fee	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
originally	O
told	O
him	O
that	O
"	O
this	O
was	O
not	O
a	O
bug	B-Error_Name
"	O
and	O
dismissed	O
him	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Shreateh	O
then	O
tried	O
a	O
second	O
time	O
to	O
inform	O
Facebook	B-Application
,	O
but	O
they	O
dismissed	O
him	O
yet	O
again	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
the	O
third	O
try	O
,	O
Shreateh	O
used	O
the	O
bug	B-Error_Name
to	O
post	O
a	O
message	O
to	O
Mark	O
Zuckerberg	O
's	O
Wall	O
,	O
stating	O
"	O
Sorry	O
for	O
breaking	O
your	O
privacy	O
...	O
but	O
a	O
couple	O
of	O
days	O
ago	O
,	O
I	O
found	O
a	O
serious	O
Facebook	B-Application
exploit	O
"	O
and	O
that	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
security	O
team	O
was	O
not	O
taking	O
him	O
seriously	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Within	O
minutes	O
,	O
a	O
security	O
engineer	O
contacted	O
Shreateh	O
,	O
questioned	O
him	O
on	O
how	O
he	O
performed	O
the	O
move	O
and	O
ultimately	O
acknowledged	O
that	O
it	O
was	O
a	O
bug	B-Error_Name
in	O
the	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
temporarily	O
suspended	O
Shreateh	O
's	O
account	O
and	O
fixed	O
the	O
bug	B-Error_Name
after	O
several	O
days	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
in	O
a	O
move	O
that	O
was	O
met	O
with	O
much	O
public	O
criticism	O
and	O
disapproval	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
refused	O
to	O
pay	O
out	O
the	O
500+	O
fee	O
to	O
Shreateh	O
;	O
instead	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
responded	O
that	O
by	O
posting	O
to	O
Zuckerberg	O
's	O
account	O
,	O
Shreateh	O
had	O
violated	O
one	O
of	O
their	O
terms	O
of	O
service	O
policies	O
and	O
therefore	O
"	O
could	O
not	O
be	O
paid	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Included	O
with	O
this	O
,	O
the	B-Application
Facebook	I-Application
team	O
strongly	O
censured	O
Shreateh	O
over	O
his	O
manner	O
of	O
resolving	O
the	O
matter	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
closing	O
,	O
they	O
asked	O
that	O
Shreateh	O
continue	O
to	O
help	O
them	O
find	O
bugs	B-Error_Name
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
August	O
22	O
,	O
2013	O
,	O
Yahoo	B-Application
News	I-Application
reported	O
that	O
Marc	O
Maiffret	O
,	O
a	O
chief	O
technology	O
officer	O
of	O
the	O
cybersecurity	O
firm	O
BeyondTrust	O
,	O
is	O
prompting	O
hackers	O
to	O
help	O
raise	O
a	O
$	O
10,000	O
reward	O
for	O
Khalil	O
Shreateh	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
He	O
and	O
other	O
hackers	O
alike	O
have	O
denounced	O
Facebook	B-Application
for	O
refusing	O
Shreateh	O
compensation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
representatives	O
have	O
since	O
responded	O
,	O
"	O
We	O
will	O
not	O
change	O
our	O
practice	O
of	O
refusing	O
to	O
pay	O
rewards	O
to	O
researchers	O
who	O
have	O
tested	O
vulnerabilities	O
against	O
real	O
users.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
representatives	O
also	O
claimed	O
they	O
'd	O
paid	O
out	O
over	O
$1million	O
to	O
individuals	O
who	O
have	O
discovered	O
bugs	B-Error_Name
in	O
the	O
past	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2010	O
,	O
Prineville	O
,	O
Oregon	O
,	O
was	O
chosen	O
as	O
the	O
site	O
for	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
new	O
data	B-Operating_System
center	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2010	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
received	O
a	O
letter	O
from	O
Greenpeace	O
containing	O
half	O
a	O
million	O
signatures	O
asking	O
the	O
company	O
to	O
cut	O
its	O
ties	O
to	O
coal-based	O
electricity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
April	O
21	O
,	O
2011	O
,	O
Greenpeace	O
released	O
a	O
report	O
showing	O
that	O
of	O
the	O
top	O
ten	O
big	O
brands	O
in	O
cloud	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
relied	O
the	O
most	O
on	O
coal	O
for	O
electricity	O
for	O
its	O
data	B-Operating_System
centers	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
data	B-Operating_System
centers	I-Operating_System
consumed	O
up	O
to	O
2%	O
of	O
all	O
global	O
electricity	O
and	O
this	O
amount	O
was	O
projected	O
to	O
increase	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
December	O
15	O
,	O
2011	O
,	O
Greenpeace	O
and	O
Facebook	B-Application
announced	O
together	O
that	O
Facebook	B-Application
would	O
shift	O
to	O
use	O
clean	O
and	O
renewable	O
energy	O
to	O
power	O
its	O
own	O
operations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Marcy	O
Scott	O
Lynn	O
,	O
of	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
sustainability	O
program	O
,	O
said	O
it	O
looked	O
forward	O
"	O
to	O
a	O
day	O
when	O
our	O
primary	O
energy	O
sources	O
are	O
clean	O
and	O
renewable	O
"	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
company	O
is	O
"	O
working	O
with	O
Greenpeace	O
and	O
others	O
to	O
help	O
bring	O
that	O
day	O
closer	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2012	O
,	O
startup	O
Limited	O
Run	O
claimed	O
that	O
80%	O
of	O
its	O
Facebook	B-Application
clicks	O
came	O
from	O
bots	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Limited	O
Run	O
co-founder	O
Tom	O
Mango	O
told	O
TechCrunch	O
that	O
they	O
"	O
spent	O
roughly	O
a	O
month	O
testing	O
this	O
"	O
with	O
six	O
web	O
analytics	O
services	O
including	O
Google	B-Application
Analytics	I-Application
and	O
in-house	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
determined	O
that	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
clicks	O
for	O
which	O
Facebook	B-Application
was	O
charging	O
it	O
came	O
from	O
computers	O
that	O
were	O
not	O
loading	O
Javascript	O
,	O
a	O
programming	O
language	O
that	O
allows	O
Web	O
pages	O
to	O
be	O
interactive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
offers	O
an	O
advertising	O
tool	O
for	O
pages	O
to	O
get	O
more	O
"	O
likes	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Global	O
Fortune	O
100	O
firms	O
are	O
increasingly	O
using	O
social	O
media	O
marketing	O
tools	O
as	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
"	O
likes	O
"	O
per	O
Facebook	B-Application
page	O
has	O
risen	O
by	O
115%	O
globally	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Biotechnology	O
company	O
Comprendia	O
investigated	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
"	O
likes	O
"	O
through	O
advertising	O
by	O
analyzing	O
the	O
life	O
science	O
pages	O
with	O
the	O
most	O
likes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
annual	O
report	O
,	O
an	O
estimated	O
0.4	O
%	O
and	O
1.2	O
%	O
of	O
active	O
users	O
are	O
undesirable	O
accounts	O
that	O
create	O
fake	O
likes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Small	O
companies	O
such	O
as	O
PubChase	O
have	O
publicly	O
testified	O
against	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
advertising	O
tool	O
,	O
claiming	O
legitimate	O
advertising	O
on	O
Facebook	B-Application
creates	O
fraudulent	O
Facebook	B-Application
"	O
likes	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2013	O
,	O
PubChase	O
decided	O
to	O
build	O
up	O
its	O
Facebook	B-Application
following	O
through	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
advertising	O
tool	O
,	O
which	O
promises	O
to	O
"	O
connect	O
with	O
more	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
who	O
matter	O
to	O
you	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
statistics	O
from	O
Google	B-Application
Analytics	I-Application
indicate	O
that	O
India	O
is	O
not	O
in	O
the	O
company	O
's	O
main	O
user	O
base	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
PubChase	O
continues	O
by	O
stating	O
that	O
Facebook	B-Application
has	O
no	O
interface	O
to	O
delete	O
the	O
fake	O
likes	O
;	O
rather	O
,	O
the	O
company	O
must	O
manually	O
delete	O
each	O
follower	O
themselves	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2014	O
,	O
Derek	O
Muller	O
used	O
his	O
YouTube	O
account	O
Veritasium	O
to	O
upload	O
a	O
video	O
titled	O
"	O
Facebook	B-Application
Fraud	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
video	O
,	O
Muller	O
illustrates	O
how	O
after	O
paying	O
US$50	O
to	O
Facebook	B-Application
advertising	O
,	O
the	O
"	O
likes	O
"	O
to	O
his	O
fan	O
page	O
have	O
tripled	O
in	O
a	O
few	O
days	O
and	O
soon	O
reached	O
70,000	O
"	O
likes	O
"	O
,	O
compared	O
to	O
his	O
original	O
2,115	O
likes	O
before	O
the	O
advertising	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Muller	O
claims	O
,	O
"	O
I	O
never	O
bought	O
fake	O
likes	O
,	O
I	O
used	O
Facebook	B-Application
legitimate	O
advertising	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
results	O
are	O
as	O
if	O
I	O
paid	O
for	O
fake	O
likes	O
from	O
a	O
click	O
farm	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
fake	O
"	O
likes	O
"	O
complaints	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
told	O
Business	O
Insider	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
August	O
3	O
,	O
2007	O
,	O
several	O
British	O
companies	O
,	O
including	O
First	O
Direct	O
,	O
Vodafone	O
,	O
Virgin	O
Media	O
,	O
The	O
Automobile	O
Association	O
,	O
Halifax	O
and	O
Prudential	O
pulled	O
advertising	O
in	O
Facebook	B-Application
after	O
finding	O
that	O
their	O
ads	O
were	O
displayed	O
on	O
the	O
page	O
of	O
the	O
British	O
National	O
Party	O
,	O
a	O
far-right	O
political	O
party	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
has	O
faced	O
allegations	O
that	O
its	O
advertising	O
platforms	O
facilitate	O
housing	O
discrimination	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
internal	O
functions	O
for	O
targeted	O
advertising	O
,	O
which	O
allowed	O
advertisers	O
to	O
target	O
or	O
exclude	O
specific	O
audiences	O
from	O
campaigns	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Researchers	O
have	O
also	O
found	O
that	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
advertising	O
platform	O
may	O
be	O
inherently	O
discriminatory	O
,	O
since	O
ad	O
delivery	O
is	O
also	O
influenced	O
by	O
how	O
often	O
specific	O
demographics	O
interact	O
with	O
specific	O
types	O
of	O
advertising	O
–	O
even	O
if	O
they	O
are	O
not	O
explicitly	O
determined	O
by	O
the	O
advertiser	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2016	O
,	O
ProPublica	O
found	O
that	O
advertisers	O
could	O
target	O
or	O
exclude	O
users	O
from	O
advertising	O
based	O
on	O
an	O
"	O
Ethnic	O
Affinity	O
"	O
–	O
a	O
demographic	O
trait	O
which	O
is	O
determined	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
user	O
's	O
interests	O
and	O
behaviors	O
on	O
Facebook	B-Application
,	O
and	O
not	O
explicitly	O
provided	O
by	O
the	O
user	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2017	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
stated	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
implement	O
stronger	O
measures	O
to	O
forbid	O
discriminatory	O
advertising	O
across	O
the	O
entire	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
were	O
also	O
able	O
to	O
successfully	O
create	O
housing	O
ads	O
that	O
excluded	O
users	O
based	O
on	O
interests	O
and	O
other	O
factors	O
that	O
effectively	O
imply	O
associations	O
with	O
protected	O
classes	O
,	O
including	O
interests	O
in	O
wheelchair	O
ramps	O
,	O
the	O
Spanish-language	O
television	O
network	O
Telemundo	O
,	O
and	O
New	O
York	O
City	O
ZIP	O
codes	O
with	B-Application
majority	I-Application
minority	I-Application
populations	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
response	O
to	O
the	O
report	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
temporarily	O
removed	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
target	O
any	O
ad	O
with	O
exclusions	O
based	O
on	O
multicultural	O
affinities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2018	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
permanently	O
removed	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
create	O
exclusions	O
based	O
on	O
multicultural	O
affinities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2018	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
signed	O
a	O
legally	O
binding	O
agreement	O
with	O
the	O
State	O
of	O
Washington	O
to	O
take	O
further	O
steps	O
within	O
90	O
days	O
to	O
prevent	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
its	O
advertising	O
platform	O
for	O
housing	O
discrimination	O
against	O
protected	O
classes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
month	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
announced	O
that	O
it	O
would	O
remove	O
at	O
least	O
5,000	O
categories	O
from	O
its	O
exclusion	O
system	O
to	O
prevent	O
"	O
misuse	O
"	O
,	O
including	O
those	O
relating	O
to	O
races	O
and	O
religions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
March	O
19	O
,	O
2019	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
settled	O
a	O
lawsuit	O
over	O
the	O
matter	O
with	O
the	O
National	O
Fair	O
Housing	O
Alliance	O
,	O
agreeing	O
to	O
create	O
a	O
separate	O
portal	O
for	O
HEC	O
advertising	O
with	O
limited	O
targeting	O
options	O
by	O
September	O
2019	O
,	O
and	O
to	O
provide	O
a	O
public	O
archive	O
of	O
all	O
HEC	O
advertising	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
March	O
28	O
,	O
2019	O
,	O
the	O
U.S.	O
Department	O
of	O
Housing	O
and	O
Urban	O
Development	O
(	O
HUD	O
)	O
filed	O
a	O
lawsuit	O
against	O
Facebook	B-Application
,	O
having	O
filed	O
a	O
formal	O
complaint	O
against	O
the	O
company	O
on	O
August	O
13	O
,	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HUD	O
also	O
took	O
issue	O
with	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
tendency	O
to	O
deliver	O
ads	O
based	O
on	O
users	O
having	O
"	O
particular	O
characteristics	O
[	O
that	O
are ]	O
most	O
likely	O
to	O
engage	O
with	O
the	O
ad	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
August	O
2012	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
revealed	O
that	O
more	O
than	O
83	O
million	O
Facebook	B-Application
accounts	O
(	O
8.7	O
%	O
of	O
total	O
users	O
)	O
are	O
fake	O
accounts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
a	O
result	O
of	O
this	O
revelation	O
,	O
the	O
share	O
price	O
of	O
Facebook	B-Application
dropped	O
below	O
$20	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
initially	O
refused	O
to	O
remove	O
a	O
"	O
business	O
"	O
page	O
devoted	O
to	O
a	O
woman	O
's	O
anus	B-Application
,	O
created	O
without	O
her	O
knowledge	O
while	O
she	O
was	O
underage	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
other	O
Facebook	B-Application
users	I-Application
having	O
expressed	O
interest	O
in	O
the	O
topic	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2008	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
permanently	O
moved	O
its	O
users	O
to	O
what	O
they	O
termed	O
the	O
"	O
New	O
Facebook	B-Application
"	O
or	O
Facebook	B-Application
3.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Between	O
July	O
and	O
September	O
,	O
users	O
had	O
been	O
given	O
the	O
option	O
to	O
use	O
the	O
new	O
Facebook	B-Application
in	O
place	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
design	O
,	O
or	O
to	O
return	O
to	O
the	O
old	O
design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
decision	O
to	O
migrate	O
their	O
users	O
was	O
met	O
with	O
some	O
controversy	O
in	O
their	O
community	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2009	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
redesigned	O
the	O
news	B-Application
feed	I-Application
so	O
that	O
the	O
user	O
could	O
view	O
all	O
types	O
of	O
things	O
that	O
their	O
friends	O
were	O
involved	O
with	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2009	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
issued	O
a	O
proposed	O
new	O
privacy	O
policy	O
,	O
and	O
adopted	O
it	O
unaltered	O
in	O
December	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
change	O
was	O
described	O
by	O
Ryan	O
Tate	O
as	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
Great	O
Betrayal	O
,	O
forcing	O
user	O
profile	O
photos	O
and	O
friends	O
lists	O
to	O
be	O
visible	O
in	O
users	O
 '	O
public	O
listing	O
,	O
even	O
for	O
users	O
who	O
had	O
explicitly	O
chosen	O
to	O
hide	O
this	O
information	O
previously	O
,	O
and	O
making	O
photos	O
and	O
personal	O
information	O
public	O
unless	O
users	O
were	O
proactive	O
about	O
limiting	O
access	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
That	O
is	O
,	O
information	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
gender	O
of	O
the	O
partner	O
the	O
user	O
is	O
interested	O
in	O
,	O
relationship	O
status	O
,	O
and	O
family	O
relations	O
became	O
viewable	O
to	O
those	O
even	O
without	O
a	O
Facebook	B-Application
account	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
was	O
heavily	O
criticized	O
for	O
both	O
reducing	O
its	O
users	O
 '	O
privacy	O
and	O
pushing	O
users	O
to	O
remove	O
privacy	O
protections	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
has	O
since	O
re-included	O
an	O
option	O
to	O
hide	O
friends	O
lists	O
from	O
being	O
viewable	O
;	O
however	O
,	O
this	O
preference	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
listed	O
with	O
other	O
privacy	O
settings	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
former	O
ability	O
to	O
hide	O
the	O
friends	O
list	O
from	O
selected	O
people	O
among	O
one	O
's	O
own	O
friends	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
possible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Journalist	O
Dan	O
Gillmor	O
deleted	O
his	O
Facebook	B-Application
account	O
over	O
the	O
changes	O
,	O
stating	O
he	O
"	O
ca	O
n't	O
entirely	O
trust	O
Facebook	B-Application
"	O
and	O
Heidi	O
Moore	O
at	O
Slate	O
's	O
Big	O
Money	O
temporarily	O
deactivated	O
her	O
account	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
conscientious	O
objection	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Office	O
of	O
the	O
Privacy	O
Commissioner	O
of	O
Canada	O
launched	O
another	O
investigation	O
into	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
privacy	O
policies	O
after	O
complaints	O
following	O
the	O
change	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Following	O
surveys	O
on	O
Facebook	B-Application
users	I-Application
,	O
this	O
desire	O
for	O
change	O
will	O
take	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
a	O
reconfiguration	O
of	O
the	O
News	B-Application
Feed	I-Application
algorithms	O
to	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Prioritize	O
content	O
of	O
family	O
members	O
and	O
friends	O
(	O
Mark	O
Zuckerberg	O
January	O
12	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
:	O
"	O
The	O
first	O
changes	O
you	O
'll	O
see	O
will	O
be	O
in	O
News	B-Application
Feed	I-Application
,	O
where	O
you	O
can	O
expect	O
to	O
see	O
more	O
from	O
your	O
friends	O
,	O
family	O
and	O
groups	O
"	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
recent	O
changes	O
of	O
the	O
News	B-Application
Feed	I-Application
algorithm	O
(	O
see	O
content	O
:	O
News	B-Application
Feed	I-Application
#History	O
)	O
are	O
expected	O
to	O
improve	O
"	O
the	O
amount	O
of	O
meaningful	O
content	O
viewed	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
this	O
end	O
,	O
the	O
new	O
algorithm	O
is	O
supposed	O
to	O
determine	O
the	O
publications	O
around	O
which	O
a	O
user	O
is	O
most	O
likely	O
to	O
interact	O
with	O
his	O
friends	O
,	O
and	O
make	O
them	O
appear	O
higher	O
in	O
the	O
News	B-Application
Feed	I-Application
instead	O
of	O
items	O
for	O
example	O
from	O
media	O
companies	O
or	O
brands	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
,	O
as	O
even	O
Mark	O
Zuckerberg	O
admitted	O
,	O
he	O
"	O
expect	O
the	O
time	O
people	O
spend	O
on	O
Facebook	B-Application
and	O
some	O
measures	O
of	O
engagement	O
will	O
go	O
down	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
I	O
also	O
expect	O
the	O
time	O
you	O
do	O
spend	O
on	O
Facebook	B-Application
will	O
be	O
more	O
valuable	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
less	O
public	O
content	O
a	O
Facebook	B-Application
user	O
sees	O
on	O
their	O
News	B-Application
Feed	I-Application
,	O
the	O
less	O
brands	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
reach	O
consumers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Indeed	O
,	O
in	O
such	O
countries	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
was	O
the	O
promise	O
of	O
a	O
reliable	O
and	O
objective	O
platform	O
on	O
which	O
they	O
could	O
hope	O
for	O
raw	O
information	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Serbian	O
journalist	O
Stevan	O
Dojcinovic	O
goes	O
further	O
by	O
describing	O
Facebook	B-Application
as	O
a	O
"	O
monster	O
"	O
and	O
accuses	O
the	O
company	O
of	O
"	O
showing	O
a	O
cynical	O
lack	O
of	O
concern	O
for	O
how	O
its	O
decisions	O
affect	O
the	O
most	O
vulnerable	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Indeed	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
had	O
experimented	O
with	O
withdrawing	O
media	O
companies	O
 '	O
news	O
on	O
user	O
's	O
newsfeed	O
in	O
few	O
countries	O
such	O
as	O
Serbia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Stevan	O
Docjcinovic	O
then	O
wrote	O
an	O
article	O
explaining	O
how	O
Facebook	B-Application
helped	O
them	O
"	O
to	O
bypass	O
mainstream	O
channels	O
and	O
bring	O
 [ their ] 	O
stories	O
to	O
hundreds	O
of	O
thousands	O
of	O
readers	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
rule	O
about	O
publishers	O
is	O
not	O
being	O
applied	O
to	O
paid	O
posts	O
raising	O
the	O
journalist	O
's	O
fears	O
about	O
the	O
social	O
network	O
"	O
becoming	O
just	O
another	O
playground	O
for	O
the	O
powerful	O
"	O
by	O
letting	O
them	O
for	O
example	O
buy	O
Facebook	B-Application
ads	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LittleThings	O
CEO	O
,	O
Joe	O
Speiser	O
states	O
that	O
the	O
algorithm	O
shift	O
"	O
took	O
out	O
roughly	O
75%	O
of	O
LittleThings	O
"	O
organic	O
traffic	O
while	O
hammering	O
its	O
profit	O
margins	O
"	O
compelling	O
them	O
to	O
close	O
their	O
doors	O
because	O
they	O
were	O
relying	O
on	O
Facebook	B-Application
to	O
share	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Net-neutrality	O
supporters	O
from	O
India	O
(	O
SaveTheInternet.in	O
)	O
brought	O
out	O
the	O
negative	O
implications	O
of	O
the	B-Application
Facebook	I-Application
Free	O
Basic	O
program	O
and	O
spread	O
awareness	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
Free	O
Basics	O
program	O
was	O
a	O
collaboration	O
with	O
Reliance	O
Communications	O
to	O
launch	O
Free	O
Basics	O
in	O
India	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Earlier	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
had	O
spent	O
US$44million	O
in	O
advertising	O
and	O
it	O
implored	O
all	O
of	O
its	O
Indian	O
users	O
to	O
send	O
an	O
email	O
to	O
the	O
Telecom	O
Regulatory	O
Authority	O
to	O
support	O
its	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TRAI	O
later	O
asked	O
Facebook	B-Application
to	O
provide	O
specific	O
responses	O
from	O
the	O
supporters	O
of	O
Free	O
Basics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2018	O
details	O
on	O
Facebook	B-Application
's	O
behavior	O
against	O
competitors	O
surfaced	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
UK	O
parliament	O
member	O
Damian	O
Collins	O
released	O
files	O
from	O
a	O
court	O
ruling	O
between	O
Six4Three	O
and	O
Facebook	B-Application
.	I-Application
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
those	O
files	O
,	O
the	O
social	O
media	O
company	O
Twitter	B-Application
released	O
its	O
app	O
Vine	O
in	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
blocked	O
Vine	O
's	O
Access	O
to	O
its	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2020	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
along	O
with	O
other	O
tech	O
giants	O
Apple	O
,	O
Amazon	B-Application
and	O
Google	O
were	O
accused	O
of	O
maintaining	O
harmful	O
power	O
and	O
anti-competitive	O
strategies	O
to	O
quash	O
potential	O
competitors	O
in	O
the	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
what	O
is	O
known	O
as	O
the	B-Application
Facebook	I-Application
–	O
Cambridge	O
Analytica	O
data	O
scandal	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
users	I-Application
were	O
targeted	O
with	O
political	O
advertising	O
without	O
informed	O
consent	O
in	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
promote	O
right-wing	O
causes	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
presidential	O
election	O
of	O
Donald	O
Trump	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
elections	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
Facebook	B-Application
has	O
been	O
implicated	O
in	O
electoral	O
influence	O
campaigns	O
in	O
places	O
like	O
Argentina	O
,	O
Kenya	O
,	O
Malaysia	O
,	O
the	O
United	O
Kingdom	O
,	O
and	O
South	O
Africa	O
,	O
as	O
discussed	O
in	O
the	O
2019	O
documentary	O
The	O
Great	O
Hack	O
.	O
</s>
