<s>
Umple	B-Language
is	O
a	O
language	O
for	O
both	O
object-oriented	B-Language
programming	I-Language
and	O
modelling	B-Language
with	O
class	O
diagrams	O
and	O
state	B-Application
diagrams	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
Umple	B-Language
is	O
a	O
portmanteau	O
of	O
"	O
UML	B-Language
"	O
,	O
"	O
ample	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
Simple	O
"	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
it	O
is	O
designed	O
to	O
provide	O
ample	O
features	O
to	O
extend	O
programming	O
languages	O
with	O
UML	B-Language
capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
design	O
of	O
Umple	B-Language
started	O
in	O
2008	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Ottawa	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Umple	B-Language
was	O
open-sourced	B-Application
and	O
its	O
development	O
was	O
moved	O
to	O
Google	B-Protocol
Code	I-Protocol
in	O
early	O
2011	O
and	O
to	O
GitHub	B-Application
in	O
2015	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Umple	B-Language
was	O
developed	O
,	O
in	O
part	O
,	O
to	O
address	O
certain	O
problems	O
observed	O
in	O
the	O
modelling	B-Language
community	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
specifically	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
designed	O
to	O
bring	O
modelling	B-Language
and	O
programming	O
into	O
alignment	O
,	O
It	O
was	O
intended	O
to	O
help	O
overcome	O
inhibitions	O
against	O
modelling	B-Language
common	O
in	O
the	O
programmer	O
community	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
also	O
intended	O
to	O
reduce	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
difficulties	O
of	O
model-driven	B-Language
development	I-Language
that	O
arise	O
from	O
the	O
need	O
to	O
use	O
large	O
,	O
expensive	O
or	O
incomplete	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
design	O
objective	O
is	O
to	O
enable	O
programmers	O
to	O
model	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
they	O
see	O
as	O
natural	O
,	O
by	O
adding	O
modelling	B-Language
constructs	O
to	O
programming	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Umple	B-Language
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
represent	O
in	O
a	O
textual	O
manner	O
many	O
UML	B-Language
modelling	B-Language
entities	O
found	O
in	O
class	O
diagrams	O
and	O
state	B-Application
diagrams	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Umple	B-Language
can	O
generate	O
code	O
for	O
these	O
in	O
various	O
programming	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Currently	O
Umple	B-Language
fully	O
supports	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
C++	B-Language
and	O
PHP	B-Application
as	O
target	O
programming	O
languages	O
and	O
has	O
functional	O
,	O
but	O
somewhat	O
incomplete	O
support	O
for	O
Ruby	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Umple	B-Language
also	O
incorporates	O
various	O
features	O
not	O
related	O
to	O
UML	B-Language
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Singleton	O
pattern	O
,	O
keys	O
,	O
immutability	B-Application
,	O
mixins	O
and	O
aspect-oriented	B-Architecture
code	O
injection	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
class	O
diagram	O
notations	O
Umple	B-Language
supports	O
includes	O
classes	O
,	O
interfaces	B-Application
,	O
attributes	B-General_Concept
,	O
associations	B-Application
,	O
generalizations	B-Language
and	O
operations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
code	O
Umple	B-Language
generates	O
for	O
attributes	B-General_Concept
include	O
code	O
in	O
the	O
constructor	O
,	O
'	O
get	O
 '	O
methods	B-Language
and	O
'	O
set	O
 '	O
methods	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
generated	O
code	O
differs	O
considerably	O
depending	O
on	O
whether	O
the	O
attribute	O
has	O
properties	O
such	O
as	O
immutability	B-Application
,	O
has	O
a	O
default	O
value	O
,	O
or	O
is	O
part	O
of	O
a	O
key	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Umple	B-Language
generates	O
many	O
methods	B-Language
for	O
manipulating	O
,	O
querying	O
and	O
navigating	O
associations	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
supports	O
all	O
combinations	O
of	O
UML	B-Language
multiplicity	O
and	O
enforces	O
referential	B-General_Concept
integrity	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Umple	B-Language
supports	O
the	O
vast	O
majority	O
of	O
UML	B-Application
state	I-Application
machine	I-Application
notation	O
,	O
including	O
arbitrarily	O
deep	O
nested	O
states	B-Application
,	O
concurrent	O
regions	O
,	O
actions	B-Language
on	O
entry	O
,	O
exit	O
and	O
transition	O
,	O
plus	O
long-lasting	O
activities	B-Language
while	O
in	O
a	O
state	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
state	O
machine	O
is	O
treated	O
as	O
an	O
enumerated	B-Language
attribute	O
where	O
the	O
value	O
is	O
controlled	O
by	O
events	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Events	O
encoded	O
in	O
the	O
state	O
machine	O
can	O
be	O
methods	B-Language
written	O
by	O
the	O
user	O
,	O
or	O
else	O
generated	O
by	O
the	O
Umple	B-Language
compiler	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
event	O
can	O
trigger	O
transitions	O
(	O
subject	O
to	O
guards	B-Language
)	O
in	O
several	O
different	O
state	O
machines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
a	O
program	O
can	O
be	O
entirely	O
written	O
around	O
one	O
or	O
more	O
state	O
machines	O
,	O
Umple	B-Language
enables	O
automata-based	B-Application
programming	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
bodies	O
of	O
methods	B-Language
are	O
written	O
in	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
target	O
programming	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
same	O
is	O
true	O
for	O
other	O
imperative	O
code	O
such	O
as	O
state	O
machine	O
actions	B-Language
and	O
guards	B-Language
,	O
and	O
code	O
to	O
be	O
injected	O
in	O
an	O
aspect-oriented	B-Architecture
manner	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
code	O
can	O
be	O
injected	O
before	O
many	O
of	O
the	O
methods	B-Language
in	O
the	O
code	O
Umple	B-Language
generates	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
before	O
or	O
after	O
setting	O
or	O
getting	O
attributes	B-General_Concept
and	O
associations	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Umple	B-Language
notation	O
for	O
UML	B-Language
constructs	O
can	O
be	O
embedded	O
in	O
any	O
of	O
its	O
supported	O
target	O
programming	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
this	O
is	O
done	O
,	O
Umple	B-Language
can	O
be	O
seen	O
as	O
a	O
pre-processor	B-General_Concept
:	O
The	O
Umple	B-Language
compiler	O
expands	O
the	O
UML	B-Language
constructs	O
into	O
code	O
of	O
the	O
target	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Code	O
in	O
a	O
target	O
language	O
can	O
be	O
passed	O
to	O
the	O
Umple	B-Language
compiler	O
directly	O
;	O
if	O
no	O
Umple-specific	O
notation	O
is	O
found	O
,	O
then	O
the	O
target-language	O
code	O
is	O
emitted	O
unchanged	O
by	O
the	O
Umple	B-Language
compiler	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Umple	B-Language
,	O
combined	O
with	O
one	O
of	O
its	O
target	O
languages	O
for	O
imperative	O
code	O
,	O
can	O
be	O
seen	O
and	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
complete	O
programming	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Umple	B-Language
plus	O
Java	B-Language
can	O
therefore	O
be	O
seen	O
as	O
an	O
extension	O
of	O
Java	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Alternatively	O
,	O
if	O
imperative	O
code	O
and	O
Umple-specific	O
concepts	O
are	O
left	O
out	O
,	O
Umple	B-Language
can	O
be	O
seen	O
as	O
a	O
way	O
of	O
expressing	O
a	O
large	O
subset	O
of	O
UML	B-Language
in	O
a	O
purely	O
textual	O
manner	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Code	O
in	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
supported	O
programming	O
languages	O
can	O
be	O
added	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
manner	O
as	O
UML	B-Language
envisions	O
adding	O
action	O
language	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Umple	B-Language
is	O
licensed	O
under	O
an	O
MIT-style	B-License
license	I-License
.	O
</s>
<s>
Here	O
is	O
the	O
classic	O
Hello	O
world	O
program	O
written	O
in	O
Umple	B-Language
(	O
extending	O
Java	B-Language
)	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
example	O
looks	O
just	O
like	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
because	O
Umple	B-Language
extends	O
other	O
programming	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
is	O
a	O
fully	O
executable	O
example	O
showing	O
embedded	O
Java	B-Language
methods	B-Language
and	O
declaration	O
of	O
an	O
association	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
following	O
example	O
describes	O
a	O
state	O
machine	O
called	O
status	O
,	O
with	O
states	B-Application
Open	O
,	O
Closing	O
,	O
Closed	O
,	O
Opening	O
and	O
HalfOpen	O
,	O
and	O
with	O
various	O
events	O
that	O
cause	O
transitions	O
from	O
one	O
state	O
to	O
another	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Umple	B-Language
compiler	O
was	O
written	O
in	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
Antlr	B-Application
and	O
Jet	O
(	O
Java	B-Application
Emitter	I-Application
Templates	I-Application
)	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
a	O
bootstrapping	B-Application
process	O
,	O
the	O
Java	B-Language
code	I-Language
was	O
converted	O
to	O
Umple	B-Language
following	O
a	O
technique	O
called	O
Umplification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Antlr	B-Application
and	O
Jet	O
were	O
also	O
later	O
converted	O
to	O
native	O
Umple	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Umple	B-Language
is	O
therefore	O
now	O
written	O
entirely	O
in	O
itself	O
,	O
in	O
other	O
words	O
it	O
is	O
self-hosted	O
and	O
serves	O
as	O
its	O
own	O
largest	O
test	O
case	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Umple	B-Language
and	O
UmpleOnline	O
have	O
been	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
classroom	O
by	O
several	O
instructors	O
to	O
teach	O
UML	B-Language
and	O
modelling	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
one	O
study	O
it	O
was	O
found	O
to	O
help	O
speed	O
up	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
teaching	O
UML	B-Language
,	O
and	O
was	O
also	O
found	O
to	O
improve	O
the	O
grades	O
of	O
students	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Umple	B-Language
is	O
available	O
as	O
a	O
Jar	B-Language
file	I-Language
so	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
run	O
from	O
the	O
command	O
line	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
an	O
Eclipse	B-Application
plugin	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
,	O
which	O
allows	O
a	O
developer	O
to	O
create	O
an	O
Umple	B-Language
system	O
by	O
drawing	O
a	O
UML	B-Language
class	O
diagram	O
,	O
editing	O
Umple	B-Language
code	O
or	O
both	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Umple	B-Language
models	O
created	O
with	O
UmpleOnline	O
are	O
stored	O
in	B-Architecture
the	I-Architecture
cloud	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Currently	O
UmpleOnline	O
only	O
supports	O
Umple	B-Language
programs	O
consisting	O
of	O
a	O
single	O
input	O
file	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
code	O
,	O
Umple	B-Language
's	O
tools	O
can	O
generate	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
other	O
types	O
of	O
output	O
,	O
including	O
user	O
interfaces	B-Application
based	O
on	O
the	O
Umple	B-Language
model	O
.	O
</s>
