<s>
USL	B-Operating_System
v	I-Operating_System
.	I-Operating_System
BSDi	I-Operating_System
was	O
a	O
lawsuit	O
brought	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
in	O
1992	O
by	O
Unix	B-Application
System	I-Application
Laboratories	O
against	O
Berkeley	O
Software	O
Design	O
,	O
Inc	O
and	O
the	O
Regents	O
of	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
California	O
over	O
intellectual	O
property	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
Unix	B-Application
operating	I-Application
system	I-Application
;	O
a	O
culmination	O
of	O
the	O
Unix	B-Application
wars	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
case	O
was	O
settled	O
out	O
of	O
court	O
in	O
1994	O
after	O
the	O
judge	O
expressed	O
doubt	O
in	O
the	O
validity	O
of	O
USL	O
's	O
intellectual	O
property	O
,	O
with	O
Novell	O
(	O
who	O
by	O
that	O
time	O
had	O
bought	O
USL	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
University	O
agreeing	O
not	O
to	O
litigate	O
further	O
over	O
the	O
Berkeley	B-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
Distribution	I-Operating_System
(	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
suit	O
has	O
its	O
roots	O
at	O
the	O
Computer	B-Operating_System
Systems	I-Operating_System
Research	I-Operating_System
Group	I-Operating_System
(	O
CSRG	B-Operating_System
)	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
California	O
,	O
Berkeley	O
,	O
which	O
had	O
a	O
license	B-License
for	O
the	O
source	O
code	O
of	O
UNIX	B-Application
from	O
T	O
's	O
Bell	O
Labs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Students	O
doing	O
operating	B-General_Concept
systems	I-General_Concept
research	O
at	O
the	O
CSRG	B-Operating_System
modified	O
and	O
extended	O
UNIX	B-Application
,	O
and	O
the	O
CSRG	B-Operating_System
made	O
several	O
releases	O
of	O
the	O
modified	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
beginning	O
in	O
1978	O
,	O
with	O
T	O
's	O
blessing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
this	O
Berkeley	B-Operating_System
Software	I-Operating_System
Distribution	I-Operating_System
(	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
)	O
contained	O
copyrighted	O
AT&T	O
Unix	B-Application
source	O
code	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
only	O
available	O
to	O
organizations	O
with	O
a	O
source	O
code	O
license	B-License
for	O
Unix	B-Application
from	O
AT&T	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Students	O
and	O
faculty	O
at	O
the	O
CSRG	B-Operating_System
audited	O
the	O
software	O
code	O
for	O
the	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
stack	I-Protocol
,	O
removing	O
all	O
the	O
AT&T	O
intellectual	O
property	O
,	O
and	O
released	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
general	O
public	O
in	O
1988	O
as	O
"	O
Net/1	O
"	O
,	O
under	O
the	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
license	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
it	O
became	O
apparent	O
that	O
the	O
Berkeley	O
CSRG	B-Operating_System
would	O
soon	O
close	O
,	O
students	O
and	O
faculty	O
at	O
the	O
CSRG	B-Operating_System
began	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
remove	O
all	O
the	O
remaining	O
AT&T	O
code	O
from	O
the	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
and	O
replace	O
it	O
with	O
their	O
own	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
effort	O
resulted	O
in	O
the	O
public	O
release	O
of	O
Net/2	O
in	O
1991	O
,	O
again	O
under	O
the	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
license	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Net/2	O
contained	O
enough	O
code	O
for	O
a	O
nearly	O
complete	O
UNIX-like	O
system	O
,	O
which	O
the	O
CSRG	B-Operating_System
believed	O
contained	O
no	O
AT&T	O
intellectual	O
property	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Berkeley	O
Software	O
Design	O
(	O
BSDi	O
)	O
obtained	O
the	O
source	O
for	O
Net/2	O
,	O
filled	O
in	O
the	O
missing	O
pieces	O
,	O
and	O
ported	O
it	O
to	O
the	O
Intel	O
i386	B-Device
computer	O
architecture	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
BSDi	O
then	O
sold	O
the	O
resulting	O
BSD/386	B-Operating_System
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
could	O
be	O
ordered	O
through	O
1-800-ITS-UNIX	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
drew	O
the	O
ire	O
of	O
AT&T	O
,	O
which	O
did	O
not	O
agree	O
with	O
BSDi	O
's	O
claim	O
that	O
BSD/386	B-Operating_System
was	O
free	O
of	O
AT&T	O
intellectual	O
property	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
T	O
's	O
Unix	B-Application
System	I-Application
Laboratories	O
subsidiary	O
filed	O
suit	O
against	O
BSDi	O
in	O
New	O
Jersey	O
in	O
April	O
1992	O
,	O
a	O
suit	O
that	O
was	O
later	O
amended	O
to	O
include	O
The	O
Regents	O
of	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
California	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
breached	O
USL	O
's	O
software	B-License
license	I-License
contract	O
;	O
</s>
<s>
infringed	O
on	O
USL	O
's	O
copyright	O
on	O
UNIX	B-Application
;	O
</s>
<s>
diluted	O
USL	O
's	O
trademark	O
on	O
UNIX	B-Application
;	O
</s>
<s>
misappropriated	O
USL	O
's	O
trade	O
secret	O
on	O
UNIX	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1993	O
,	O
judge	O
Dickinson	O
R	O
.	O
Debevoise	O
denied	O
a	O
preliminary	O
injunction	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
grounds	O
that	O
USL	O
had	O
no	O
valid	O
copyright	O
over	O
32V	B-Operating_System
and	O
could	O
not	O
show	O
any	O
obvious	O
trade	O
secret	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AT&T	O
released	O
V32	O
in	O
1978	O
,	O
but	O
omitted	O
a	O
notice	O
from	O
thousands	O
of	O
copies	O
and	O
failed	O
to	O
copyright	O
32V	B-Operating_System
until	O
1992	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1993	O
,	O
a	O
few	O
days	O
after	O
the	O
dismissal	O
of	O
the	O
preliminary	O
injunction	O
,	O
the	O
University	O
filed	O
a	O
countersuit	O
against	O
USL	O
in	O
California	O
,	O
claiming	O
that	O
USL	O
had	O
failed	O
to	O
credit	O
the	O
University	O
for	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
code	O
in	O
System	O
V	O
,	O
as	O
required	O
by	O
the	O
software	B-License
license	I-License
contract	O
.	O
</s>
