<s>
Typosquatting	B-Protocol
,	O
also	O
called	O
URL	B-Protocol
hijacking	I-Protocol
,	O
a	O
sting	O
site	O
,	O
or	O
a	O
fake	B-Protocol
URL	I-Protocol
,	O
is	O
a	O
form	O
of	O
cybersquatting	O
,	O
and	O
possibly	O
brandjacking	O
which	O
relies	O
on	O
mistakes	O
such	O
as	O
typos	O
made	O
by	O
Internet	O
users	O
when	O
inputting	O
a	O
website	O
address	O
into	O
a	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
typosquatter	B-Protocol
's	O
URL	O
will	O
usually	O
be	O
one	O
of	O
five	O
kinds	O
,	O
all	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
victim	O
site	O
address	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Combosquatting	B-Protocol
-	O
no	O
misspelling	O
,	O
but	O
appending	O
an	O
arbitrary	O
word	O
that	O
appears	O
legitimate	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
anyone	O
could	O
register	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Once	O
in	O
the	O
typosquatter	B-Protocol
's	O
site	O
,	O
the	O
user	O
may	O
also	O
be	O
tricked	O
into	O
thinking	O
that	O
they	O
are	O
in	O
fact	O
in	O
the	O
real	O
site	O
,	O
through	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
copied	O
or	O
similar	O
logos	O
,	O
website	O
layouts	O
,	O
or	O
content	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Spam	O
emails	O
sometimes	O
make	O
use	O
of	O
typosquatting	B-Protocol
URLs	O
to	O
trick	O
users	O
into	O
visiting	O
malicious	O
sites	O
that	O
look	O
like	O
a	O
given	O
bank	O
's	O
site	O
,	O
for	O
instance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Magniber	O
ransomware	O
is	O
being	O
distributed	O
in	O
a	O
typosquatting	B-Protocol
method	O
that	O
exploits	O
typos	O
made	O
when	O
entering	O
domains	O
,	O
targeting	O
mainly	O
Chrome	O
and	O
Edge	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
several	O
different	O
reasons	O
for	O
typosquatters	B-Protocol
buying	O
a	O
typo	O
domain	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
companies	O
,	O
including	O
Verizon	B-Application
,	O
Lufthansa	O
,	O
and	O
Lego	B-Language
,	O
have	O
gained	O
reputations	O
for	O
aggressively	O
chasing	O
down	O
typosquatted	O
names	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Lego	B-Language
,	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
has	O
spent	O
roughly	O
US$	O
500,000	O
on	O
taking	O
309	O
cases	O
through	O
UDRP	O
proceedings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Goggle	O
,	O
a	O
typosquatted	O
version	O
of	O
Google	B-Application
,	O
was	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
a	O
mid-2000s	O
web	O
safety	O
promotion	O
by	O
McAfee	O
,	O
which	O
depicted	O
the	O
significant	O
amounts	O
of	O
malware	O
installed	O
through	O
drive-by	O
downloads	O
upon	O
accessing	O
the	O
site	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Most	O
notably	O
,	O
Goggle	O
installed	O
SpySheriff	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
the	O
URL	O
redirected	O
to	O
google.com	O
;	O
a	O
2018	O
check	O
revealed	O
it	O
to	O
redirect	O
users	O
to	O
adware	O
pages	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
2020	O
attempt	O
to	O
access	O
the	O
site	O
through	O
a	O
private	O
DNS	B-Protocol
resolver	O
hosted	O
by	O
AdGuard	B-Application
resulted	O
in	O
the	O
page	O
being	O
identified	O
as	O
malware	O
and	O
blocked	O
for	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
security	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
example	O
of	O
corporate	O
typosquatting	B-Protocol
is	O
yuube.com,	O
targeting	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
users	O
by	O
programming	O
that	O
URL	O
to	O
redirect	O
to	O
a	O
malicious	O
website	O
or	O
page	O
that	O
asks	O
users	O
to	O
add	O
a	O
malware	O
"	O
security	B-Application
check	O
extension	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Over	O
550	O
typosquats	B-Protocol
related	O
to	O
the	O
2020	O
U.S.	O
presidential	O
election	O
were	O
detected	O
in	O
2019	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
the	O
1999	O
Anticybersquatting	O
Consumer	O
Protection	O
Act	O
(	O
ACPA	O
)	O
contains	O
a	O
clause	O
(	O
Section	O
3(a )	O
,	O
amending	O
15	O
USC	O
1117	O
to	O
include	O
sub-section	O
(	O
d	O
)	O
(	O
2	O
)	O
(	O
B	O
)	O
(	O
ii	O
)	O
)	O
aimed	O
at	O
combatting	O
typosquatting	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Under	O
the	O
Uniform	O
Domain-Name	O
Dispute-Resolution	O
Policy	O
(	O
UDRP	O
)	O
,	O
trademark	O
holders	O
can	O
file	O
a	O
case	O
at	O
the	O
World	O
Intellectual	O
Property	O
Organization	O
(	O
WIPO	O
)	O
against	O
typosquatters	B-Protocol
(	O
as	O
with	O
cybersquatters	O
in	O
general	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
