<s>
Typhoid	B-Application
adware	I-Application
is	O
a	O
type	O
of	O
computer	O
security	O
threat	O
that	O
uses	O
a	O
Man-in-the-middle	O
attack	O
to	O
inject	O
advertising	O
into	O
web	O
pages	O
a	O
user	O
visits	O
when	O
using	O
a	O
public	O
network	O
,	O
like	O
a	O
Wi-Fi	B-Application
hotspot	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
environment	O
for	O
the	O
threat	O
to	O
work	O
is	O
an	O
area	O
of	O
non-encrypted	O
wireless	B-General_Concept
connection	I-General_Concept
,	O
such	O
as	O
a	O
wireless	O
internet	O
cafe	O
or	O
other	O
Wi-Fi	B-Application
hotspots	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Typhoid	B-Application
adware	I-Application
would	O
trick	O
a	O
laptop	O
to	O
recognize	O
it	O
as	O
the	O
wireless	O
provider	O
and	O
inserts	O
itself	O
into	O
the	O
route	B-Protocol
of	O
the	O
wireless	B-General_Concept
connection	I-General_Concept
between	O
the	O
computer	O
and	O
the	O
actual	O
provider	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
that	O
the	O
adware	O
may	O
insert	O
various	O
advertisements	O
into	O
the	O
data	B-General_Concept
stream	I-General_Concept
to	O
appear	O
on	O
the	O
computer	O
during	O
the	O
browsing	O
session	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
way	O
even	O
a	O
video	O
stream	O
,	O
e.g.	O
,	O
from	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
may	O
be	O
modified	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
running	O
antivirus	B-Application
software	I-Application
on	O
the	O
affected	O
computer	O
is	O
useless	O
,	O
since	O
it	O
has	O
no	O
adware	O
installed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
typhoid	B-Application
adware	I-Application
is	O
a	O
variant	O
of	O
the	O
well-known	O
man-in-the-middle	O
attack	O
,	O
the	O
researchers	O
point	O
out	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
new	O
important	O
issues	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
protection	O
of	O
video	O
content	O
and	O
growing	O
availability	O
of	O
public	O
wireless	O
internet	O
access	O
which	O
are	O
not	O
well-monitored	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
serious	O
danger	O
may	O
come	O
from	O
,	O
e.g.	O
,	O
promotions	O
of	O
rogue	O
antivirus	B-Application
software	I-Application
seemingly	O
coming	O
from	O
a	O
trusted	O
source	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
encrypted	O
connections	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
using	O
HTTPS	B-Protocol
for	O
Web	O
browsing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Websites	O
are	O
increasingly	O
upgrading	O
to	O
HTTPS	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
as	O
of	O
2019	O
,	O
there	O
are	O
new	O
methods	O
for	O
encrypting	O
other	O
kind	O
of	O
Internet	O
traffic	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
recursive	O
DNS	O
.	O
</s>
