<s>
Tuxedo	B-Application
(	O
Transactions	O
for	O
Unix	B-Application
,	O
Extended	O
for	O
Distributed	O
Operations	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
middleware	B-General_Concept
platform	O
used	O
to	O
manage	O
distributed	O
transaction	O
processing	O
in	O
distributed	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
environments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tuxedo	B-Application
is	O
a	O
transaction	B-Application
processing	I-Application
system	I-Application
or	O
transaction-oriented	O
middleware	B-General_Concept
,	O
or	O
enterprise	B-Application
application	I-Application
server	I-Application
for	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
systems	O
and	O
programming	O
languages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Developed	O
by	O
AT&T	O
in	O
the	O
1980s	O
,	O
it	O
became	O
a	O
software	O
product	O
of	O
Oracle	B-Application
Corporation	I-Application
in	O
2008	O
when	O
they	O
acquired	O
BEA	O
Systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tuxedo	B-Application
is	O
now	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Oracle	B-Application
Fusion	I-Application
Middleware	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
From	O
the	O
beginning	O
in	O
1983	O
,	O
AT&T	O
designed	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
for	O
high	O
availability	O
and	O
to	O
provide	O
extremely	O
scalable	O
applications	O
to	O
support	O
applications	O
requiring	O
thousands	O
of	O
transactions	O
per	O
second	O
on	O
commonly	O
available	O
distributed	B-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
development	O
targeted	O
the	O
creation	O
and	O
administration	O
of	O
operations	O
support	O
systems	O
for	O
the	O
US	O
telephone	O
company	O
that	O
required	O
online	B-General_Concept
transaction	I-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
(	O
OLTP	B-General_Concept
)	O
capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
concepts	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
Loop	B-Application
Maintenance	I-Application
Operations	I-Application
System	I-Application
(	O
LMOS	B-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tuxedo	B-Application
supported	O
moving	O
the	O
LMOS	B-Application
application	O
off	O
mainframe	O
systems	O
that	O
used	O
Information	B-Application
Management	I-Application
System	I-Application
(	O
IMS	O
)	O
from	O
IBM	O
on	O
to	O
much	O
cheaper	O
distributed	B-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
running	O
(	O
T	O
's	O
own	O
)	O
Unix	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
team	O
comprised	O
members	O
of	O
the	O
LMOS	B-Application
team	O
,	O
including	O
Juan	O
M	O
.	O
Andrade	O
,	O
Mark	O
T	O
.	O
Carges	O
,	O
Terrence	O
Dwyer	O
,	O
and	O
Stephen	O
Felts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1993	O
Novell	O
acquired	O
the	O
Unix	B-Application
System	I-Application
Laboratories	O
(	O
USL	O
)	O
division	O
of	O
AT&T	O
which	O
was	O
responsible	O
for	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
at	O
the	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
1996	O
,	O
BEA	O
Systems	O
made	O
an	O
exclusive	O
agreement	O
with	O
Novell	O
to	O
develop	O
and	O
distribute	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
on	O
non-NetWare	O
platforms	O
,	O
with	O
most	O
Novell	O
employees	O
working	O
with	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
joining	O
BEA	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2008	O
,	O
Oracle	B-Application
Corporation	I-Application
acquired	O
BEA	O
Systems	O
,	O
and	O
TUXEDO	B-Application
was	O
marketed	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Oracle	B-Application
Fusion	I-Application
Middleware	I-Application
product	O
line	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tuxedo	B-Application
has	O
been	O
used	O
as	O
transactional	O
middleware	B-General_Concept
by	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
multi-tier	O
application	O
development	O
tools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Application
Open	I-Application
Group	I-Application
used	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
interfaces	O
as	O
the	O
basis	O
of	O
their	O
standards	O
such	O
as	O
X/Open	O
XA	O
and	O
XATMI	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
developers	O
published	O
papers	O
about	O
it	O
in	O
the	O
early	O
1990s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Supports	O
C	B-Language
,	O
C++	B-Language
,	O
COBOL	B-Application
,	O
Python	B-Language
,	O
Ruby	B-Language
,	O
PHP	B-Application
,	O
and	O
Java	B-Language
applications	O
on	O
most	O
Unix	B-Application
platforms	O
,	O
Linux	B-Application
,	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
,	O
and	O
other	O
proprietary	B-Application
platforms	O
such	O
as	O
OpenVMS	B-Operating_System
and	O
IBM	B-Application
i	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tuxedo	B-Application
is	O
at	O
its	O
core	O
a	O
message	O
routing	O
and	O
queuing	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Requests	O
are	O
sent	O
to	O
named	O
services	O
and	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
uses	O
memory-based	O
inter-process	B-Operating_System
communication	I-Operating_System
facilities	O
to	O
queue	O
the	O
requests	O
to	O
servers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
essence	O
,	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
provided	O
the	O
elements	O
of	O
service-oriented	O
architecture	O
(	O
SOA	O
)	O
decades	O
before	O
the	O
phrase	O
was	O
coined	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tuxedo	B-Application
can	O
use	O
the	O
content	O
of	O
the	O
message	O
to	O
determine	O
what	O
servers	O
should	O
be	O
utilized	O
to	O
receive	O
the	O
request	O
by	O
means	O
of	O
data-dependent	O
routing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
heart	O
of	O
the	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
system	O
is	O
the	O
Bulletin	O
Board	O
(	O
BB	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
a	O
shared	O
memory	O
segment	O
that	O
contains	O
the	O
configuration	O
and	O
state	O
of	O
a	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
domain	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
allows	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
to	O
spread	O
load	O
across	O
the	O
various	O
machines	O
within	O
a	O
domain	O
and	O
allows	O
servers	O
and	O
services	O
to	O
be	O
running	O
on	O
multiple	O
machines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
Oracle	B-Application
Exalogic	I-Application
Tuxedo	B-Application
leverages	O
the	O
RDMA	B-General_Concept
capabilities	O
of	O
InfiniBand	B-Architecture
to	O
bypass	O
the	O
bridge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tuxedo	B-Application
applications	O
can	O
utilize	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
message	O
formats	O
depending	O
upon	O
the	O
type	O
of	O
data	O
that	O
is	O
to	O
be	O
passed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
formats	O
is	O
the	O
FML	O
buffer	O
format	O
which	O
is	O
much	O
like	O
a	O
binary	O
XML	B-Protocol
or	O
ASN.1	B-Protocol
format	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
self-describing	O
binary	O
format	O
,	O
the	O
processing	O
of	O
fields	O
incurs	O
very	O
little	O
overhead	O
in	O
comparison	O
to	O
the	O
parsing	O
necessary	O
to	O
support	O
something	O
like	O
XML	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
VIEW	O
buffers	O
are	O
essentially	O
records	O
,	O
C	B-Language
structures	O
,	O
or	O
COBOL	B-Application
copybooks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
VIEW	O
buffer	O
has	O
an	O
external	O
description	O
which	O
allows	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
to	O
access	O
the	O
fields	O
within	O
it	O
if	O
necessary	O
for	O
things	O
like	O
data	O
dependent	O
routing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
buffer	O
formats	O
include	O
XML	B-Protocol
,	O
CARRAY	O
(	O
opaque	O
binary	O
data	O
)	O
,	O
STRING	O
,	O
and	O
MBSTRING	O
(	O
a	O
string	O
buffer	O
containing	O
multibyte	O
characters	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
Tuxedo	B-Application
can	O
automatically	O
and	O
transparently	O
convert	O
FML	O
buffers	O
to	O
and	O
from	O
XML	B-Protocol
buffers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
also	O
support	O
for	O
user-developed	O
buffer	O
types	O
(	O
for	O
example	O
JamFlex	O
buffers	O
defined	O
by	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
version	O
of	O
Panther	O
RAD	O
toolset	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
remote	O
clients	O
(	O
Java	B-Language
,	O
CORBA	B-Architecture
,	O
or/WS	O
)	O
,	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
provides	O
communication	O
concentrators	O
called	O
listener/handlers	O
that	O
handle	O
the	O
remote	O
network	O
communication	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
clients	O
make	O
requests	O
,	O
the	O
listener/handler	O
uses	O
the	O
local	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
infrastructure	O
to	O
make	O
the	O
request	O
on	O
the	O
behalf	O
of	O
the	O
client	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tuxedo	B-Application
then	O
load	O
balances	O
the	O
requests	O
across	O
the	O
servers	O
within	O
the	O
domain	O
that	O
offer	O
the	O
service	O
even	O
if	O
the	O
server	O
is	O
not	O
on	O
the	O
local	O
machine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
in	O
contrast	O
to	O
most	O
Java	B-Language
EE	I-Language
application	B-Application
servers	I-Application
where	O
load	O
balancing	O
is	O
done	O
by	O
the	O
client	O
making	O
requests	O
to	O
different	O
machines	O
with	O
the	O
cluster	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
facilitate	O
the	O
sharing	O
of	O
services	O
across	O
domains	O
,	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
provides	O
domain	O
gateways	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Besides	O
connecting	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
domains	O
together	O
,	O
domain	O
gateways	O
exist	O
for	O
mainframe	O
systems	O
using	O
TCP/IP	B-Protocol
,	O
IBM	O
's	O
Systems	B-Architecture
Network	I-Architecture
Architecture	I-Architecture
(	O
SNA	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
OSI	B-Protocol
protocols	I-Protocol
,	O
and	O
Java	B-Language
Platform	I-Language
,	I-Language
Enterprise	I-Language
Edition	I-Language
application	B-Application
servers	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
means	O
that	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
sees	O
a	O
CICS	B-Application
transaction	O
as	O
a	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
service	O
,	O
and	O
CICS	B-Application
sees	O
a	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
service	O
as	O
a	O
CICS	B-Application
transaction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Transactions	O
that	O
have	O
completed	O
the	O
prepare	O
phase	O
but	O
not	O
the	O
commit	O
phase	O
will	O
be	O
committed	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
boot	O
sequence	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tuxedo	B-Application
applications	O
can	O
request	O
that	O
all	O
service	O
invocations	O
and	O
their	O
associated	O
updates	O
to	O
any	O
resources	O
controlled	O
by	O
resource	O
managers	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
databases	O
)	O
be	O
controlled	O
by	O
a	O
transaction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tuxedo	B-Application
then	O
coordinates	O
the	O
commit	O
processing	O
with	O
the	O
resource	O
managers	O
to	O
ensure	O
atomic	O
updates	O
to	O
all	O
affected	O
resources	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Transactions	O
can	O
be	O
controlled	O
by	O
the	O
application	O
or	O
automatically	O
controlled	O
by	O
the	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
configuration	O
,	O
i.e.	O
,	O
container	O
managed	O
transactions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tuxedo	B-Application
provides	O
a	O
queuing	O
subsystem	O
called	O
/Q	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
automated	O
queue	O
forwarding	O
server	O
is	O
provided	O
that	O
will	O
remove	O
entries	O
from	O
a	O
queue	O
and	O
invoke	O
an	O
associated	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
services	O
,	O
placing	O
the	O
reply	O
message	O
on	O
an	O
associated	O
reply	O
queue	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
event	O
subsystem	O
within	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
provides	O
support	O
for	O
unsolicited	O
events	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
brokered	O
events	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unsolicited	O
events	O
allow	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
applications	O
to	O
send	O
out-of-band	O
notifications	O
to	O
clients	O
that	O
are	O
n't	O
necessarily	O
waiting	O
for	O
a	O
response	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
well	O
this	O
provides	O
a	O
publish	B-Operating_System
and	I-Operating_System
subscribe	I-Operating_System
messaging	I-Operating_System
model	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
combined	O
with	O
/Q	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Oracle	B-Application
offers	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
add-on	O
products	O
to	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2010	O
,	O
Oracle	B-Application
announced	O
two	O
new	O
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Application	O
Runtime	O
for	O
CICS	B-Application
and	O
Batch	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
associated	O
Oracle	B-Application
Tuxedo	B-Application
Application	O
Rehosting	O
Workbench	O
allows	O
the	O
migration	O
of	O
IBM	B-Application
Customer	I-Application
Information	I-Application
Control	I-Application
System	I-Application
(	O
CICS	B-Application
)	O
and	O
batch	O
applications	O
onto	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
on	O
distributed	B-Architecture
systems	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
providing	O
automated	O
conversion	O
tools	O
,	O
CICS	B-Application
equivalent	O
API	O
pre-processor	O
macro	O
expansion	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
JES-2	O
like	O
Batch	O
execution	O
environment	O
,	O
the	O
migration	O
of	O
mainframe	O
applications	O
is	O
greatly	O
simplified	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
gateway	O
allows	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
services	O
to	O
be	O
accessed	O
by	O
external	O
SOAP	O
clients	O
without	O
making	O
any	O
changes	O
to	O
the	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Likewise	O
,	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
applications	O
can	O
call	O
an	O
external	O
web	O
service	O
as	O
though	O
it	O
were	O
a	O
local	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
latest	O
version	O
of	O
SALT	O
supports	O
WS-AtomicTransactions	O
and	O
modules	O
for	O
Apache	O
Web	O
Server	O
,	O
Oracle	B-Application
HTTP	O
Server	O
,	O
and	O
Oracle	B-Application
iPlanet	O
Web	O
Server	O
,	O
that	O
allows	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
dynamic	O
web	O
content	O
by	O
calling	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
version	O
12.1.3	O
SALT	O
added	O
support	O
for	O
RESTful	B-Protocol
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
product	O
provides	O
centralized	O
monitoring	O
capabilities	O
for	O
multiple	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
domains	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TSAM	O
Plus	O
agents	O
are	O
deployed	O
on	O
the	O
machines	O
in	O
a	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
domain	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
agents	O
collect	O
metric	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
running	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
processes	O
based	O
on	O
a	O
configured	O
policy	O
,	O
and	O
send	O
the	O
data	O
back	O
to	O
the	O
TSAM	O
Plus	O
Manager	O
where	O
it	O
is	O
used	O
historically	O
or	O
in	O
real	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TSAM	O
Plus	O
also	O
monitors	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
ART	O
CICS	B-Application
and	O
Batch	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
additional	O
component	O
of	O
TSAM	O
Plus	O
is	O
a	O
plug-in	O
for	O
Oracle	B-Application
Enterprise	O
Manager	O
Cloud	O
Control	O
that	O
provides	O
full	O
operation	O
,	O
configuration	O
,	O
administration	O
,	O
and	O
management	O
of	O
a	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
product	O
provides	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
gateway	O
processes	O
that	O
run	O
on	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
that	O
communicate	O
with	O
a	O
mainframe	O
using	O
its	O
native	O
protocols	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
gateway	O
provides	O
bidirectional	O
integration	O
between	O
mainframe	O
and	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
platforms	O
and	O
makes	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
appear	O
as	O
a	O
remote	O
CICS	B-Application
or	O
IMS	O
region	O
to	O
the	O
mainframe	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
remote	O
CICS	B-Application
or	O
IMS	O
region	O
as	O
another	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
domain	O
to	O
the	O
local	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
JCA	O
adapter	O
provide	O
a	O
JCA	O
1.5	O
compliant	O
Resource	O
Adapter	O
that	O
can	O
be	O
deployed	O
to	O
any	O
Java	B-Language
EE	I-Language
(	O
J2EE	B-Language
)	O
1.5	O
or	O
later	O
JCA	O
container	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
adapter	O
supports	O
both	O
the	O
JCA	O
Common	O
Client	O
interface	O
or	O
CCI	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
JATMI	O
interface	O
supported	O
by	O
the	O
Oracle	B-Language
WebLogic	I-Language
Tuxedo	B-Application
Connector	O
component	O
of	O
Oracle	B-Language
WebLogic	I-Language
Server	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Provides	O
enterprise	O
messaging	O
capabilities	O
that	O
combines	O
the	O
features	O
of	O
Oracle	B-Application
MessageQ	O
with	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
extends	O
the	O
existing	O
/Q	O
message	O
queuing	O
facility	O
of	O
Tuxedo	B-Application
by	O
providing	O
things	O
like	O
delivery	O
notification	O
,	O
offline	O
messaging	O
,	O
and	O
store	O
and	O
forward	O
capability	O
.	O
</s>
