<s>
The	O
TurnKey	B-General_Concept
Linux	I-General_Concept
Virtual	I-General_Concept
Appliance	I-General_Concept
Library	I-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
free	B-Application
open-source	B-Application
software	I-Application
project	O
which	O
develops	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
Debian-based	O
pre-packaged	O
server	O
software	B-Application
appliances	I-Application
(	O
also	O
called	O
virtual	B-Application
appliances	I-Application
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Turnkey	O
appliances	O
can	O
be	O
deployed	O
as	O
a	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
(	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
hypervisors	B-Operating_System
are	O
supported	O
)	O
,	O
in	O
cloud	B-Architecture
computing	I-Architecture
services	O
such	O
as	O
Amazon	B-Application
Web	I-Application
Services	I-Application
or	O
installed	O
in	O
physical	O
computers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
maintains	O
around	O
100	O
virtual	B-Application
appliances	I-Application
,	O
all	O
freely	O
licensed	O
,	O
with	O
daily	O
automatic	O
security	O
updates	O
and	O
backup	O
capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
are	O
packaged	O
in	O
formats	O
for	O
different	O
virtualization	O
platforms	O
,	O
and	O
two	O
builds	O
for	O
installing	O
onto	O
physical	O
media	O
(	O
to	O
non-virtualized	O
hard	O
disk	O
or	O
USB	O
from	O
a	O
hybrid	B-Application
ISO	B-General_Concept
)	O
or	O
onto	O
the	O
Amazon	B-General_Concept
Elastic	I-General_Concept
Compute	I-General_Concept
Cloud	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Virtual	B-Application
appliances	I-Application
distributed	O
as	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
types	O
such	O
as	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
supports	O
VirtualBox	B-Operating_System
and	O
most	O
VMware	O
products	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Workstation	B-Operating_System
,	O
Player	B-Operating_System
,	O
Fusion	B-Operating_System
and	O
vSphere/ESX	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
VMDK	O
-	O
"	O
VM	O
"	O
in	O
Turnkey	B-General_Concept
Linux	I-General_Concept
download	O
mirrors	O
-	O
As	O
above	O
,	O
but	O
packaged	O
as	O
a	O
zip	O
containing	O
a	O
VMDK	O
vHDD	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
a	O
VMX	O
(	O
legacy	O
VMware	O
vm	O
config	O
file	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Container	B-Application
-	O
This	O
somewhat	O
generic	O
container	B-Application
format	O
is	O
specifically	O
packaged	O
for	O
Proxmox	B-Language
(	O
as	O
tar.gz	O
)	O
(	O
and	O
formerly	O
OpenNode	O
too	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
builds	O
can	O
be	O
downloaded	O
direct	O
within	O
Proxmox	B-Language
's	O
WebUI	O
(	O
and	O
formerly	O
via	O
OpenNode	O
's	O
interface	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
tar.gz	O
archive	O
is	O
also	O
known	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
both	O
vanilla	O
OpenVZ	B-Language
and	O
LXC	B-Application
with	O
minimal	O
tweaking	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Installable	O
Live	O
CD/USB	O
:	O
a	O
hybrid	B-Application
ISO	B-General_Concept
image	I-General_Concept
which	O
can	O
be	O
burned	O
to	O
either	O
CD	B-Device
or	O
USB	O
and	O
used	O
to	O
install	O
on	O
both	O
bare	O
metal	O
(	O
I.e.	O
</s>
<s>
a	O
non-virtualized	O
physical	O
machine	O
)	O
and	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machines	I-Architecture
,	O
including	O
VMware	O
,	O
Xen	B-Operating_System
,	O
XenServer	B-Operating_System
,	O
VirtualBox	B-Operating_System
,	O
and	O
KVM	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Amazon	B-Application
Machine	I-Application
Image	I-Application
:	O
provisioned	O
on-demand	O
on	O
Amazon	B-General_Concept
Elastic	I-General_Concept
Compute	I-General_Concept
Cloud	I-General_Concept
via	O
either	O
the	O
TurnKey	B-General_Concept
Linux	I-General_Concept
Hub	O
or	O
Amazon	O
Marketplace	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pre-integrated	O
server	O
applications	O
include	O
LAMP	B-Application
,	O
WordPress	B-Application
,	O
Joomla	B-Protocol
,	O
Drupal	B-Application
,	O
Redmine	B-Operating_System
,	O
MySQL	B-Application
,	O
MediaWiki	B-Application
,	O
Domain	B-Protocol
controller	I-Protocol
,	O
File	B-Application
server	I-Application
,	O
Ruby	B-Application
on	I-Application
Rails	I-Application
,	O
phpBB	B-Application
,	O
and	O
many	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Founded	O
by	O
engineers	O
of	O
an	O
Israeli	O
startup	O
,	O
the	O
project	O
was	O
conceived	O
in	O
mid-2008	O
as	O
a	O
community-oriented	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
project	O
that	O
would	O
focus	O
on	O
helping	O
users	O
piece	O
together	O
turnkey	O
solutions	O
from	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
components	O
in	O
the	O
largest	O
Linux	B-Operating_System
distributions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
According	O
to	O
one	O
of	O
TurnKey	B-General_Concept
Linux	I-General_Concept
's	O
co-founders	O
,	O
the	O
project	O
was	O
in	O
part	O
inspired	O
by	O
a	O
desire	O
to	O
provide	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
alternatives	O
to	O
proprietary	O
virtual	B-Application
appliance	I-Application
vendors	O
that	O
would	O
be	O
aligned	O
with	O
user	O
interests	O
and	O
could	O
engage	O
the	O
community	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
project	O
launched	O
in	O
September	O
2008	O
with	O
three	O
prototype	O
appliances	O
for	O
Drupal	B-Application
,	O
Joomla	B-Protocol
and	O
LAMP	B-Application
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
8.04.1	O
build	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
following	O
months	O
usability	O
was	O
improved	O
and	O
a	O
dozen	O
additional	O
appliances	O
were	O
released	O
including	O
Ruby	B-Application
on	I-Application
Rails	I-Application
,	O
MediaWiki	B-Application
and	O
Django	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2009	O
,	O
the	O
project	O
released	O
40	O
appliances	O
based	O
on	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
8.04.3	O
including	O
25	O
new	O
additions	O
to	O
the	O
virtual	B-Application
appliance	I-Application
library	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
release	O
included	O
support	O
for	O
Amazon	B-General_Concept
Elastic	I-General_Concept
Compute	I-General_Concept
Cloud	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
a	O
new	O
Virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
image	O
format	O
with	O
OVF	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TurnKey	B-General_Concept
Linux	I-General_Concept
was	O
listed	O
as	O
a	O
winner	O
of	O
the	O
2009	O
"	O
Bossies	O
"	O
by	O
InfoWorld	O
as	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
"	O
top	O
40	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
products	O
"	O
of	O
that	O
year	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2010	O
,	O
Turnkey	B-General_Concept
Linux	I-General_Concept
Backup	O
and	O
Migration	O
(	O
TKLBAM	O
)	O
was	O
announced	O
..	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2010	O
,	O
further	O
additions	O
to	O
TKLBAM	O
were	O
announced	O
including	O
the	O
integration	O
of	O
Webmin	B-Application
,	O
which	O
was	O
discussed	O
as	O
a	O
future	O
feature	O
in	O
the	O
original	O
unveiling	O
of	O
the	O
TKLBAM	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Turnkey	B-General_Concept
Linux	I-General_Concept
was	O
nominated	O
for	O
the	O
SourceForge	O
February	O
2012	O
Project	O
of	O
the	O
Month	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
release	O
also	O
marked	O
a	O
move	O
away	O
from	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
as	O
the	O
underlying	O
Operating	B-General_Concept
System	I-General_Concept
to	O
Debian	O
6.0	O
(	O
a.k.a.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
release	O
also	O
included	O
the	O
first	O
X86-64	B-Device
builds	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
that	O
same	O
month	O
,	O
the	O
Turnkey	B-General_Concept
Linux	I-General_Concept
custom	O
application	O
code	O
was	O
moved	O
to	O
GitHub	B-Application
which	O
also	O
included	O
a	O
tracker	O
for	O
appliances	O
bug	O
reports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
promised	O
,	O
in	O
mid	O
July	O
Turnkey	B-General_Concept
Linux	I-General_Concept
released	O
their	O
image	O
building	O
appliance	O
(	O
TKLDev	O
)	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
an	O
additional	O
separate	O
GitHub	B-Application
account	O
to	O
house	O
all	O
the	O
appliance	O
specific	O
code	O
(	O
used	O
by	O
TKLDev	O
to	O
build	O
the	O
appliances	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TurnKey	O
's	O
virtual	B-Application
appliances	I-Application
start	O
life	O
as	O
a	O
"	O
stripped	O
down	O
"	O
Debian	O
bootstrap	O
(	O
versions	O
previous	O
to	O
v12.0	O
based	O
on	O
Ubuntu	B-Operating_System
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
this	O
is	O
added	O
the	O
TurnKey	O
Core	O
,	O
which	O
includes	O
all	O
the	O
common	O
features	O
for	O
the	O
project	O
's	O
virtual	B-Application
appliances	I-Application
,	O
including	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
di-live	O
:	O
a	O
live	O
installer	O
,	O
derived	O
from	O
debian-installer	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Web	O
administration	O
interface	O
based	O
on	O
Webmin	B-Application
which	O
includes	O
a	O
selection	O
of	O
generic	O
add-on	O
control	O
and	O
configuration	O
modules	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TKLBAM	O
(	O
TurnKey	B-General_Concept
Linux	I-General_Concept
Backup	O
And	O
Migration	O
)	O
-	O
a	O
custom	O
TKL	O
backup/migration	O
application/service	O
that	O
uses	O
Duplicity	B-Application
as	O
a	O
backend	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
default	O
TKLBAM	O
uses	O
Amazon	B-General_Concept
S3	I-General_Concept
for	O
storage	O
,	O
but	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
configured	O
to	O
use	O
any	O
other	O
storage	O
medium	O
supported	O
by	O
Duplicity	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
version	O
1.4	O
TKLBAM	O
is	O
available	O
for	O
non-TKL	O
Linux	B-Application
OS	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Application	O
software	O
is	O
installed	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
the	O
Core	O
,	O
which	O
typically	O
increases	O
the	O
size	O
of	O
a	O
virtual	B-Application
appliance	I-Application
up	O
to	O
approximately	O
160	O
MB	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
New	O
software	B-Application
appliances	I-Application
,	O
or	O
customised	O
appliances	O
can	O
be	O
developed	O
by	O
forking	O
the	O
appropriate	O
appliance	O
build	O
code	O
on	O
GitHub	B-Application
and	O
then	O
built	O
using	O
TKLDev	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TurnKey	B-General_Concept
Linux	I-General_Concept
can	O
be	O
run	O
as	O
a	O
virtual	B-Architecture
machine	I-Architecture
with	O
VirtualBox	B-Operating_System
and	O
VMWare	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
former	O
has	O
been	O
described	O
as	O
having	O
been	O
provided	O
with	O
more	O
documentation	O
.	O
</s>
