<s>
Turn-based	B-Application
tactics	I-Application
(	O
TBT	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
tactical	B-Application
turn-based	I-Application
(	O
TTB	O
)	O
,	O
is	O
a	O
computer	O
and	O
video	O
game	O
genre	O
of	O
strategy	B-Application
video	I-Application
games	I-Application
that	O
through	O
stop-action	O
simulates	O
the	O
considerations	O
and	O
circumstances	O
of	O
operational	O
warfare	O
and	O
military	O
tactics	O
in	O
generally	O
small-scale	O
confrontations	O
as	O
opposed	O
to	O
more	O
strategic	O
considerations	O
of	O
turn-based	O
strategy	O
(	O
TBS	O
)	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Turn-based	B-Application
tactical	I-Application
gameplay	O
is	O
characterized	O
by	O
the	O
expectation	O
of	O
players	O
to	O
complete	O
their	O
tasks	O
using	O
only	O
the	O
combat	O
forces	O
provided	O
to	O
them	O
,	O
and	O
usually	O
by	O
the	O
provision	O
of	O
a	O
realistic	O
(	O
or	O
at	O
least	O
believable	O
)	O
representation	O
of	O
military	O
tactics	O
and	O
operations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
gameplay	O
of	O
turn-based	B-Application
tactics	I-Application
game	O
is	O
the	O
stop-action	O
counterpart	O
to	O
that	O
found	O
in	O
the	O
real-time	B-Application
tactics	I-Application
genre	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
such	O
contrasts	O
with	O
other	O
current	O
wargame	O
genres	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
instance	O
,	O
in	O
large-scale	O
turn-based	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
battles	O
are	O
generally	O
abstracted	O
and	O
the	O
gameplay	O
close	O
to	O
that	O
of	O
related	O
board	O
games	O
,	O
and	O
real-time	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
de-emphasize	O
realism	O
and	O
focus	O
on	O
the	O
collection	O
and	O
conversion	O
of	O
resources	O
into	O
production	O
capacities	O
which	O
manufacture	O
combat	O
units	O
thereafter	O
used	O
in	O
generally	O
highly	O
stylised	O
confrontations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
contrast	O
,	O
turn-based	B-Application
tactics	I-Application
games	O
 '	O
military	O
tactical	O
and	O
realistic	O
focus	O
,	O
emphasis	O
on	O
executing	O
intricate	O
and	O
well	O
thought	O
through	O
plans	O
and	O
comparatively	O
short	O
risk/reward	O
cycle	O
usually	O
provide	O
a	O
distinctly	O
more	O
immediate	O
,	O
intense	O
,	O
careful	O
and	O
meticulous	O
experience	O
of	O
battlefield	O
tactics	O
and	O
mêlée	B-Application
than	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
of	O
other	O
genres	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
suggested	O
by	O
the	O
genre	O
's	O
name	O
,	O
also	O
fundamental	O
to	O
turn-based	B-Application
tactics	I-Application
is	O
turn-based	O
gameplay	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Compared	O
to	O
other	O
strategy	B-Application
games	I-Application
,	O
games	O
of	O
the	O
turn-based	B-Application
tactics	I-Application
genre	O
often	O
have	O
distinctly	O
detailed	O
and	O
complex	O
environments	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
tactical	O
implications	O
of	O
elevation	O
,	O
hard	O
cover	O
and	O
line	O
of	O
sight	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Further	O
,	O
in	O
most	O
turn-based	B-Application
tactics	I-Application
games	O
a	O
player	O
's	O
force	O
is	O
maintained	O
between	O
battles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
allows	O
units	O
to	O
become	O
more	O
proficient	O
as	O
they	O
gain	O
more	O
battle	O
experience	O
and	O
coupled	O
with	O
the	O
often	O
small	O
and	O
specialised	O
squads	B-Application
used	O
,	O
can	O
even	O
encourage	O
an	O
affinity	O
between	O
the	O
player	O
and	O
his	O
or	O
her	O
troops	O
,	O
breaking	O
down	O
the	O
stereotypical	O
anonymity	O
of	O
the	O
expendable	O
,	O
mass-produced	O
units	O
found	O
in	O
strategic	O
games	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
1980s	O
,	O
as	O
microcomputers	B-Architecture
and	O
personal	O
computers	O
became	O
more	O
powerful	O
and	O
more	O
common	O
,	O
game	O
developers	O
turned	O
their	O
attention	O
to	O
designing	O
tactical	O
wargames	O
for	O
them	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
early	O
tactical	O
wargames	O
for	O
the	O
computer	O
included	O
Gary	O
Grigsby	O
's	O
series	O
of	O
games	O
for	O
the	O
Commodore	O
64	O
and	O
Apple	B-Device
II	I-Device
:	O
Panzer	B-Application
Strike	I-Application
(	O
1987	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
Typhoon	B-Application
of	I-Application
Steel	I-Application
(	O
1988	O
)	O
,	O
while	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
the	O
system	O
was	O
properly	O
built	O
was	O
with	O
Famicom	B-Application
Wars	I-Application
,	O
which	O
was	O
launched	O
for	O
the	O
Family	O
Computer	O
in	O
1988	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Battle	B-Application
Isle	I-Application
is	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
games	O
developed	O
starting	O
in	O
1991	O
by	O
Blue	O
Byte	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Set	O
on	O
a	O
fictional	O
planet	O
,	O
Chromos	O
,	O
and	O
inspired	O
by	O
the	O
Japanese	O
game	O
Nectaris	B-Application
(	O
1989	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
games	O
feature	O
futuristic	O
tactical	O
battles	O
played	O
on	O
a	O
hexagonal	O
grid	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Players	O
control	O
combat	O
units	O
,	O
ranging	O
from	O
infantry	B-Protocol
and	O
tanks	O
to	O
helicopters	B-Application
,	O
fighters	O
and	O
bombers	B-Application
;	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
(	O
especially	O
in	O
the	O
later	O
games	O
)	O
support	O
units	O
,	O
including	O
ammo	O
and	O
fuel	O
transports	O
,	O
scout	O
and	O
radar	O
units	O
,	O
and	O
road	O
and	O
trench	O
construction	O
vehicles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Battle	B-Application
Isle	I-Application
also	O
spawned	O
a	O
man-to-man	O
wargame	O
,	O
Incubation	B-Application
:	I-Application
Time	I-Application
Is	I-Application
Running	I-Application
Out	I-Application
(	O
1997	O
)	O
,	O
an	O
even	O
earlier	O
strategy	O
title	O
to	O
use	O
fully	O
3D	O
graphics	O
and	O
support	O
hardware	O
acceleration	O
on	O
the	O
3dfx	O
Voodoo	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Steel	B-Application
Panthers	I-Application
was	O
released	O
in	O
1995	O
by	O
SSI	O
,	O
very	O
much	O
resembling	O
a	O
board	O
wargame	O
translated	O
to	O
the	O
computer	O
;	O
it	O
gave	O
a	O
traditional	O
overheard	O
view	O
,	O
though	O
numeric	O
ratings	O
were	O
not	O
visible	O
on	O
the	O
screen	O
depictions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
sequels	O
followed	O
;	O
Steel	B-Application
Panthers	I-Application
II	O
:	O
Modern	O
Battles	O
in	O
1996	O
and	O
Steel	B-Application
Panthers	I-Application
III	O
:	O
Brigade	O
Command	O
1939-1999	O
in	O
1997	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rights	O
to	O
the	O
game	O
and	O
source	O
code	O
were	O
later	O
acquired	O
by	O
Matrix	O
Games	O
who	O
developed	O
and	O
released	O
as	O
freeware	O
an	O
improved	O
remake	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Steel	B-Application
Panthers	I-Application
III	O
engine	O
(	O
but	O
limited	O
to	O
the	O
timespan	O
of	O
World	O
War	O
II	O
)	O
;	O
this	O
was	O
known	O
as	O
Steel	B-Application
Panthers	I-Application
:	O
World	O
at	O
War	O
!	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
group	O
,	O
SP-Camo	O
,	O
developed	O
and	O
released	O
Steel	B-Application
Panthers	I-Application
:	O
World	O
War	O
II	O
,	O
and	O
Steel	B-Application
Panthers	I-Application
:	O
Main	O
Battle	O
Tank	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
June	O
2005	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
SP-Camo	O
games	O
were	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Steel	B-Application
Panthers	I-Application
II	O
engine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
game	O
originally	O
scheduled	O
to	O
be	O
a	O
computerized	O
Squad	B-Application
Leader/ASL	O
was	O
Combat	B-Application
Mission	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
was	O
no	O
first-person	O
element	O
to	O
the	O
game	O
,	O
which	O
placed	O
a	O
realistic	O
burden	O
of	O
command	O
on	O
the	O
player	O
,	O
and	O
unlike	O
earlier	O
games	O
like	O
M-1	O
Tank	O
Platoon	B-Application
or	O
Muzzle	O
Velocity	O
,	O
human	O
intervention	O
was	O
n't	O
necessary	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
one	O
's	O
troops	O
were	O
capable	O
of	O
fighting	O
with	O
the	O
same	O
skill	O
as	O
the	O
computer	O
enemy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Combat	B-Application
Mission	I-Application
:	O
Beyond	O
Overlord	O
received	O
critical	O
acclaim	O
upon	O
release	O
in	O
2000	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
follow	O
up	O
games	O
were	O
released	O
in	O
2002	O
and	O
2004	O
,	O
which	O
improved	O
the	O
infantry	B-Protocol
game	O
with	O
better	O
suppression	O
and	O
automatic	O
fire	O
modelling	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
units	O
range	O
from	O
individual	O
vehicles	O
and	O
squads	B-Application
to	O
platoons	B-Application
or	O
companies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
"	O
tactical	O
"	O
was	O
not	O
widely	O
used	O
to	O
describe	O
such	O
titles	O
until	O
Final	B-Application
Fantasy	I-Application
Tactics	I-Application
was	O
released	O
,	O
where	O
it	O
popularized	O
the	O
genre	O
in	O
North	O
America	O
,	O
although	O
games	O
such	O
as	O
Shining	B-Architecture
Force	I-Architecture
were	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
genre	O
years	O
beforehand	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
several	O
turn-based	B-Application
tactical	I-Application
games	O
with	O
multiplayer	O
online	O
gameplay	O
featuring	O
large	O
numbers	O
of	O
players	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Dofus	B-Protocol
,	O
Gunrox	O
,	O
and	O
Poxnora	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Darkwind	B-Protocol
:	I-Protocol
War	I-Protocol
on	I-Protocol
Wheels	I-Protocol
,	O
a	O
combat-oriented	O
auto	O
racing	O
simulation	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
only	O
turn-based	B-Application
tactical	I-Application
game	O
currently	O
to	O
have	O
a	O
persistent	B-Protocol
world	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
role-playing	O
video	O
games	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
The	B-Application
Temple	I-Application
of	I-Application
Elemental	I-Application
Evil	I-Application
and	O
the	O
Gold	O
Box	O
games	O
of	O
the	O
late	O
'	O
80s	O
and	O
early	O
'	O
90s	O
,	O
also	O
feature	O
tactical	B-Application
turn-based	I-Application
combat	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
turn-based	B-Application
tactics	I-Application
titles	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
Jagged	B-Application
Alliance	I-Application
2	I-Application
and	O
the	O
X-COM	B-Application
series	O
,	O
feature	O
a	O
real-time	O
strategic	O
layer	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
tactical	B-Application
turn-based	I-Application
combat	I-Application
.	O
</s>
