<s>
TurboGears	B-Language
is	O
a	O
Python	B-Language
web	B-Application
application	I-Application
framework	I-Application
consisting	O
of	O
several	O
WSGI	B-Language
components	O
such	O
as	O
WebOb	O
,	O
SQLAlchemy	B-Application
,	O
template	O
language	O
and	O
Repoze	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TurboGears	B-Language
is	O
designed	O
around	O
the	O
model	B-Application
–	O
view	O
–	O
controller	O
(	O
MVC	O
)	O
architecture	O
,	O
much	O
like	O
Struts	B-Language
or	O
Ruby	B-Application
on	I-Application
Rails	I-Application
,	O
designed	O
to	O
make	O
rapid	O
web	O
application	O
development	O
in	O
Python	B-Language
easier	O
and	O
more	O
maintainable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
version	O
2.3	O
the	O
framework	O
has	O
also	O
been	O
providing	O
a	O
"	O
minimal	O
mode	O
"	O
which	O
enables	O
it	O
to	O
act	O
as	O
a	O
microframework	B-Application
for	O
usage	O
in	O
environments	O
where	O
the	O
whole	O
stack	O
is	O
not	O
required	O
nor	O
wanted	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TurboGears	B-Language
is	O
built	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
numerous	O
disparate	O
libraries	O
and	O
middleware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SQLAlchemy	B-Application
(	O
Model	B-Application
)	O
-	O
defines	O
the	O
table	O
structures	O
of	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
database	O
and	O
how	O
to	O
link	O
them	O
to	O
Python	B-Language
objects	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
controller	O
can	O
interact	O
with	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ming	O
(	O
Model	B-Application
)	O
-	O
provides	O
the	O
data	O
access	O
layer	O
for	O
MongoDB	O
,	O
much	O
like	O
SQLAlchemy	B-Application
defines	O
how	O
to	O
link	O
MongoDB	O
collections	O
to	O
Python	B-Language
objects	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
controller	O
can	O
interact	O
with	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
previously	O
Genshi	B-Language
)	O
(	O
View	O
)	O
-	O
defines	O
templates	O
for	O
the	O
HTML	O
or	O
XHTML	O
the	O
user	O
will	O
generate	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
TurboGears	B-Language
1.x	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
longer	O
a	O
preferred/integrated	O
JavaScript	O
library	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gearbox	O
-	O
is	O
the	O
toolkit	O
used	O
by	O
TurboGears	B-Language
to	O
manage	O
projects	O
,	O
create	O
new	O
ones	O
and	O
serve	O
TurboGears	B-Language
applications	O
but	O
the	O
user	O
can	O
also	O
connect	O
to	O
Apache	B-Application
,	O
Nginx	B-Operating_System
,	O
or	O
any	O
other	O
WSGI-compatible	O
webserver	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pylons	B-Language
(	O
Controller	O
)	O
-	O
this	O
middleware	O
handles	O
all	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
back-end	O
logic	O
and	O
connects	O
to	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
webserver	O
to	O
offer	O
up	O
data	O
to	O
the	O
web	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SQLObject	B-Library
(	O
Model	B-Application
)	O
-	O
data	O
backend	O
that	O
can	O
create	O
a	O
database	O
or	O
interface	O
with	O
existing	O
data	O
on	O
many	O
database	O
servers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
SQLAlchemy	B-Application
is	O
slated	O
to	O
become	O
the	O
default	O
in	O
TurboGears	B-Language
>=	O
1.1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kid	B-Language
(	O
View	O
)	O
-	O
XHTML	O
frontend	O
templating	O
engine	O
where	O
all	O
templates	O
are	O
valid	O
XHTML	O
or	O
XML	O
files	O
that	O
are	O
usually	O
made	O
in	O
a	O
way	O
that	O
allows	O
opening	O
these	O
templates	O
as	O
simple	O
XHTML	O
files	O
to	O
check	O
the	O
design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
features	O
are	O
provided	O
to	O
embed	O
snippets	O
of	O
Python	B-Language
in	O
a	O
XMLish	O
manner	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Genshi	B-Language
is	O
the	O
successor	O
to	O
Kid	B-Language
and	O
will	O
replace	O
it	O
as	O
the	O
default	O
templating	O
engine	O
in	O
TurboGears	B-Language
>=	O
1.1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
nearly	O
100%	O
syntax-compatible	O
to	O
Kid	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
CherryPy	B-Application
(	O
Controller	O
)	O
-	O
middleware	O
that	O
allows	O
web	O
applications	O
to	O
be	O
programmed	O
by	O
writing	O
event	O
handlers	O
that	O
return	O
data	O
to	O
(	O
in	O
TurboGears	B-Language
case	O
)	O
templates	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
same	O
data	O
can	O
also	O
be	O
received	O
in	O
Ajax	B-General_Concept
fashion	O
as	O
a	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
data	O
stream	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
MochiKit	B-Language
is	O
the	O
preferred	O
,	O
but	O
optional	O
JavaScript	O
library	O
for	O
TurboGears	B-Language
1.x	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
mostly	O
used	O
for	O
implementing	O
Ajax	B-General_Concept
features	O
and	O
widgets	O
as	O
it	O
provides	O
an	O
interface	O
to	O
get	O
JSON	B-General_Concept
data	O
streams	O
in	O
asynchronous	O
manner	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Templating	O
languages	O
other	O
than	O
Genshi	B-Language
can	O
be	O
used	O
through	O
the	O
user	O
's	O
app	O
's	O
configuration	O
file	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Plugins	O
currently	O
supported	O
in	O
2.1	O
are	O
Myghty	O
,	O
Jinja2	B-Language
,	O
Mako	O
,	O
Cheetah	B-Language
,	O
and	O
Kajiki	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Kid	B-Language
support	O
is	O
not	O
currently	O
planned	O
as	O
Genshi	B-Language
is	O
virtually	O
identical	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TurboGears	B-Language
was	O
originally	O
created	O
in	O
2005	O
by	O
Kevin	O
Dangoor	O
as	O
the	O
framework	O
behind	O
the	O
as	O
yet	O
unreleased	O
Zesty	O
News	O
product	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
he	O
released	O
it	O
as	O
an	O
open	B-Application
source	I-Application
framework	O
in	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
September	O
2005	O
,	O
it	O
received	O
more	O
than	O
30,000	O
screencast	B-Protocol
downloads	O
in	O
the	O
first	O
3	O
months	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Alberto	O
is	O
still	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
TurboGears	B-Language
community	O
through	O
his	O
ToscaWidgets	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
TurboGears	B-Language
project	O
is	O
now	O
managed	O
jointly	O
by	O
a	O
group	O
of	O
about	O
half	O
a	O
dozen	O
core	O
developers	O
under	O
the	O
leadership	O
of	O
Mark	O
Ramm	O
(	O
as	O
the	O
TurboGears	B-Language
2	O
development	O
lead	O
)	O
and	O
Florent	O
Aide	O
(	O
as	O
the	O
Turbogears	B-Language
1.x	O
release	O
manager	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2007	O
the	O
community	O
began	O
experiments	O
to	O
put	O
the	O
TurboGears	B-Language
API	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
components	O
and	O
protocols	O
used	O
in	O
Pylons	B-Language
and	O
there	O
was	O
speculation	O
that	O
the	O
two	O
frameworks	O
may	O
finally	O
be	O
merging	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
official	O
TurboGears	B-Language
2	O
documentation	O
states	O
that	O
this	O
is	O
unlikely	O
to	O
happen	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
"	O
different	O
,	O
but	O
compatible	O
priorities	O
"	O
of	O
both	O
projects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Pylons	B-Language
wanted	O
to	O
stay	O
focused	O
on	O
low	O
level	O
,	O
extensible	O
design	O
while	O
TurboGears	B-Language
was	O
focused	O
on	O
offering	O
a	O
complete	O
,	O
user-friendly	O
package	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
the	O
two	O
work	O
together	O
much	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
way	O
Debian	O
and	O
Ubuntu	O
do	O
now	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
Fall	O
2008	O
,	O
TurboGears	B-Language
has	O
a	O
large	O
and	O
healthy	O
community	O
with	O
over	O
3000	O
users	O
on	O
the	O
TurboGears	B-Language
mailing	O
list	O
,	O
a	O
book	O
from	O
Prentice	O
Hall	O
published	O
in	O
Nov	O
.	O
'	O
06	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
open-source	B-Application
and	O
proprietary	O
TurboGears	B-Language
applications	O
deployed	O
to	O
the	O
real	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
development	O
progresses	O
at	O
a	O
moderate	O
but	O
steady	O
pace	O
and	O
was	O
also	O
newly	O
fueled	O
by	O
a	O
successful	O
participation	O
of	O
the	O
project	O
as	O
a	O
Google	B-Application
Summer	I-Application
of	I-Application
Code	I-Application
mentoring	O
organization	O
in	O
2008	O
and	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TurboGears	B-Language
1.1	O
,	O
aimed	O
at	O
helping	O
legacy	O
sites	O
make	O
the	O
transition	O
to	O
2.x	O
,	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
October	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
new	O
revision	O
of	O
the	O
book	O
is	O
in	O
the	O
works	O
to	O
update	O
it	O
in	O
line	O
with	O
the	O
changes	O
TurboGears	B-Language
2	O
has	O
brought	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
several	O
months	O
getting	O
infrastructure	O
in	O
order	O
and	O
working	O
through	O
coding	O
issues	O
,	O
TurboGears	B-Language
has	O
managed	O
to	O
release	O
new	O
versions	O
(	O
2.0.4	O
and	O
2.1.2	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2013	O
,	O
while	O
maintaining	O
backward	O
compatibility	O
,	O
the	O
project	O
has	O
moved	O
away	O
from	O
the	O
Pylons	B-Language
codebase	O
to	O
support	O
Python	B-Language
3	O
,	O
provide	O
speed	O
ups	O
and	O
an	O
easier	O
install	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TurboGears	B-Language
development	O
is	O
now	O
focused	O
primarily	O
on	O
the	O
new	O
2.x	O
branch	O
,	O
with	O
version	O
2.3	O
now	O
being	O
the	O
main	O
track	O
with	O
Python	B-Language
3	O
support	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
TurboGears	B-Language
team	O
made	O
it	O
clear	O
to	O
new	O
users	O
that	O
2.x	O
is	O
the	O
future	O
,	O
and	O
1.x	O
is	O
merely	O
maintained	O
for	O
the	O
convenience	O
of	O
existing	O
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
2011	O
the	O
lead	O
developers	O
of	O
TurboGears	B-Language
have	O
been	O
in	O
talks	O
with	O
the	O
Pylons	B-Language
project	O
to	O
join	O
forces	O
with	O
them	O
and	O
Repoze.BFG	O
'	O
s	O
developers	O
as	O
a	O
new	O
unified	O
project	O
called	O
Pyramid	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Due	O
to	O
the	O
backward	O
compatibility	O
issues	O
this	O
move	O
would	O
have	O
,	O
and	O
guaranteed	O
TurboGears	B-Language
keeps	O
being	O
a	O
reliable	O
platform	O
on	O
long	O
term	O
,	O
the	O
current	O
team	O
decided	O
to	O
collaborate	O
with	O
the	O
Pylons	B-Language
Project	O
on	O
everything	O
possible	O
but	O
not	O
to	O
base	O
the	O
TurboGears	B-Language
core	O
on	O
Pyramid	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Future	O
development	O
,	O
Python	B-Language
3	O
support	O
and	O
speed	O
improvements	O
have	O
happened	O
in	O
the	O
2.3	O
branch	O
which	O
has	O
seen	O
a	O
full	O
rewrite	O
of	O
the	O
TurboGears	B-Language
core	O
while	O
keeping	O
it	O
backward	O
compatible	O
with	O
existing	O
applications	O
,	O
since	O
that	O
release	O
TurboGears	B-Language
had	O
its	O
own	O
core	O
instead	O
of	O
being	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Pylons	B-Language
framework	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
2.3	O
series	O
the	O
framework	O
has	O
been	O
experimenting	O
with	O
a	O
so-called	O
"	O
minimal	O
mode	O
"	O
which	O
makes	O
it	O
able	O
to	O
act	O
as	O
a	O
micro-framework	B-Application
de	O
facto	O
reducing	O
the	O
dependencies	O
from	O
tens	O
to	O
just	O
3	O
and	O
positioning	O
TurboGears	B-Language
between	O
Flask	O
and	O
Django	B-Language
in	O
the	O
rose	O
of	O
python	B-Language
frameworks	O
for	O
its	O
objectives	O
,	O
as	O
it	O
aims	O
as	O
being	O
able	O
to	O
scale	O
from	O
a	O
micro-framework	B-Application
to	O
a	O
full-stack	O
framework	O
depending	O
just	O
on	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
the	O
TurboGears2	O
or	O
the	O
tg.devtools	O
package	O
is	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
version	O
2.4	O
the	O
framework	O
has	O
now	O
a	O
modular	O
components	O
based	O
architecture	O
,	O
which	O
allows	O
users	O
to	O
enable	O
and	O
replace	O
the	O
components	O
at	O
their	O
will	O
,	O
thus	O
making	O
TurboGears	B-Language
actually	O
follow	O
its	O
mission	O
of	O
being	O
a	O
web	B-Application
framework	I-Application
that	O
scales	O
with	O
users	O
needs	O
.	O
</s>
