<s>
TurboDOS	B-Operating_System
is	O
a	O
multi	O
user	O
CP/M	B-Application
like	O
operating	O
system	O
for	O
the	O
Z80	B-General_Concept
and	O
8086	B-General_Concept
CPUs	O
developed	O
by	O
Software	O
2000	O
Inc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
released	O
around	O
1982	O
for	O
S100	O
bus	O
based	O
systems	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
NorthStar	B-Architecture
Horizon	I-Architecture
and	O
the	O
Commercial	O
Systems	O
line	O
of	O
the	O
multiprocessor	O
systems	O
including	O
the	O
CSI-50	O
,	O
CSI-75	O
,	O
SCI-100	O
and	O
CSI-150	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
multiprocessor	O
nature	O
of	O
TurboDOS	B-Operating_System
is	O
its	O
most	O
unusual	O
feature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
other	O
operating	O
systems	O
of	O
its	O
time	O
where	O
networking	O
of	O
processors	O
was	O
either	O
an	O
afterthought	O
,	O
or	O
which	O
only	O
support	O
a	O
file	O
transfer	O
protocol	O
,	O
TurboDOS	B-Operating_System
was	O
designed	O
from	O
the	O
ground	O
up	O
as	O
a	O
multiprocessor	O
operating	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
modular	O
in	O
construction	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
operating	O
system	B-Application
generation	I-Application
based	O
on	O
a	O
relocating	O
,	O
linking	O
,	O
loader	O
program	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
makes	O
the	O
incorporation	O
of	O
different	O
hardware	O
driver	O
modules	O
quite	O
easy	O
,	O
particularly	O
for	O
bus-oriented	O
machines	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
IEEE-696	B-Architecture
(	O
S-100	O
)	O
bus	O
which	O
was	O
commonly	O
used	O
for	O
TurboDOS	B-Operating_System
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TurboDOS	B-Operating_System
is	O
highly	O
modular	O
,	O
consisting	O
of	O
more	O
than	O
forty	O
separate	O
functional	O
modules	O
distributed	O
in	O
relocatable	O
form	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Possible	O
TurboDOS	B-Operating_System
configurations	O
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
architecture	O
of	O
TurboDOS	B-Operating_System
can	O
be	O
viewed	O
as	O
a	O
three-level	O
hierarchy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TurboDOS	B-Operating_System
can	O
support	O
many	O
concurrent	O
processes	O
at	O
this	O
level	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
C	O
functions	O
include	O
the	O
CP/M	B-Application
BDOS	O
functions	O
and	O
selected	O
MP/M	B-Operating_System
functions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
lowest	O
level	O
of	O
the	O
hierarchy	O
is	O
the	O
driver	O
level	O
,	O
and	O
contains	O
all	O
the	O
device-dependent	O
drivers	O
necessary	O
to	O
interface	O
TurboDOS	B-Operating_System
to	O
the	O
particular	O
hardware	O
being	O
used	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TurboDOS	B-Operating_System
is	O
designed	O
to	O
interface	O
with	O
almost	O
any	O
kind	O
of	O
peripheral	O
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
operates	O
most	O
efficiently	O
with	O
interrupt-driven	O
,	O
DMA-type	O
interfaces	O
,	O
but	O
can	O
also	O
work	O
fine	O
using	O
polled	O
and	O
programmed-I/O	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
TurboDOS	B-Operating_System
loader	O
OSLOAD.COM	O
is	O
a	O
program	O
containing	O
an	O
abbreviated	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
kernel	O
and	O
drivers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
purpose	O
is	O
to	O
load	O
the	O
full	O
TurboDOS	B-Operating_System
operating	O
system	O
from	O
a	O
disk	O
file	O
(	O
OSSERVER.SYS	O
)	O
into	O
memory	O
at	O
each	O
system	O
cold-start	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
functional	O
modules	O
are	O
distributed	O
in	O
relocatable	O
format	B-Application
(	O
.REL	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
GEN	O
command	O
is	O
a	O
specialized	O
linker	O
which	O
builds	O
an	O
executable	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TurboDOS	B-Operating_System
has	O
no	O
"	O
resident	O
"	O
commands	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
AUTOLOADSet	O
up	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
commands	O
to	O
be	O
executed	O
automatically	O
at	O
each	O
cold-start	O
or	O
warm-start.BACKUPPerforms	O
a	O
fast	O
copy	B-Device
of	O
an	O
entire	O
disk	O
onto	O
another	O
disk	O
of	O
the	O
same	O
type	B-Device
and	O
format.BANKIn	O
a	O
banked	O
memory	O
Z80	B-General_Concept
system	O
,	O
allows	O
changing	O
between	O
bank-switched	O
and	O
non-bank-switched	O
operation.BATCHEnters	O
commands	O
into	O
a	O
FIFO	O
file	O
for	O
processing	O
by	O
a	O
dedicated	O
batch	O
processor	O
in	O
a	O
networked	O
system.BOOTCopies	O
data	O
to	O
and	O
from	O
reserved	O
(	O
boot	O
)	O
tracks	O
on	O
a	O
disk.BUFFERSInterrogates	O
or	O
changes	O
the	O
number	O
and/or	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
disk	O
buffers	O
maintained	O
by	O
TurboDOSCHANGEChecks	O
disk	O
is	O
not	O
in	O
use	O
and	O
flushes	O
cache	O
prior	O
to	O
removing	O
a	O
disk.COPYFile	O
copy.DATEDisplay	O
or	O
set	O
system	O
date	O
and	O
time.DELETEFile	O
delete.DIRDisplay	O
or	O
print	B-Device
disk	O
directory.DOExecute	O
a	O
batch	O
file.DRIVEDisplay	O
disk	O
format	B-Application
information.DUMPDisplay	O
or	O
print	B-Device
hexadecimal	O
and	O
ASCII	O
file	O
dump.ERASEDIRErase	O
entire	O
disk	O
directoryFIFOCreate	O
a	O
FIFO	O
file.FIXDIRDirectory	O
clean-up	O
utility	O
,	O
also	O
used	O
to	O
convert	O
between	O
linear	O
and	O
hashed	O
directory	O
structure	O
,	O
(	O
and	O
vice	O
versa	O
)	O
.FIXMAPRegenerate	O
disk	O
allocation	O
map.FORMATDisk	O
format.LABELSet	O
or	O
interrogate	O
disk	O
label.LOGOFFTerminate	O
console	O
session.LOGONStart	O
console	O
session.MASTERAttach	O
console	O
to	O
the	O
"	O
master	O
"	O
processor	O
(	O
server	O
)	O
in	O
network	O
system.PRINTControl	O
routing	O
of	O
print	B-Device
output.PRINTERControl	O
despooling	O
on	O
any	O
selected	O
printer.QUEUEManually	O
queue	O
for	O
de-pooled	O
printing.RECEIVERead	O
and	O
display	O
one	O
record	O
from	O
FIFO	O
file.RENAMERename	O
files.SENDWrite	O
message	O
to	O
FIFO	O
file.SETSet	O
or	O
clear	O
file	O
attributes.SHOWDisplay	O
file	O
attributes.TYPEDisplay	O
file	O
contents	O
to	O
console	O
or	O
printer.VERIFYScan	O
disk	O
for	O
bad	O
blocks	O
and	O
(	O
optionally	O
)	O
mark	O
them	O
to	O
prevent	O
their	O
usage	O
.	O
</s>
