<s>
TRON	B-Protocol
is	O
a	O
decentralized	O
,	O
blockchain-based	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
with	O
smart	B-Application
contract	I-Application
functionality	O
,	O
proof-of-stake	B-Protocol
principles	O
as	O
its	O
consensus	B-Operating_System
algorithm	I-Operating_System
and	O
a	O
cryptocurrency	O
native	O
to	O
the	O
system	O
,	O
known	O
as	O
Tronix	O
(	O
TRX	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
established	O
in	O
March	O
2014	O
by	O
Justin	O
Sun	O
and	O
since	O
2017	O
has	O
been	O
overseen	O
and	O
supervised	O
by	O
the	O
TRON	B-Protocol
Foundation	O
,	O
a	O
non-profit	O
organization	O
in	O
Singapore	O
,	O
established	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
year	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
open-source	B-Application
software	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
originally	O
an	O
Ethereum-based	O
ERC-20	O
token	O
,	O
which	O
switched	O
its	O
protocol	O
to	O
its	O
own	O
blockchain	B-Application
in	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TRON	B-Protocol
was	O
founded	O
by	O
Justin	O
Sun	O
in	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
TRON	B-Protocol
Foundation	O
was	O
established	O
in	O
July	O
2017	O
in	O
Singapore	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
TRON	B-Protocol
Foundation	O
raised	O
$70	O
million	O
in	O
2017	O
through	O
an	O
initial	B-Application
coin	I-Application
offering	I-Application
shortly	O
before	O
China	O
outlawed	O
the	O
digital	O
tokens	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
testnet	B-Protocol
,	O
Blockchain	B-Application
Explorer	O
,	O
and	O
Web	O
Wallet	O
were	O
all	O
launched	O
by	O
March	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TRON	B-Protocol
Mainnet	O
launched	O
shortly	O
afterward	O
in	O
May	O
2018	O
,	O
marking	O
the	O
Odyssey	O
2.0	O
release	O
as	O
a	O
technical	O
milestone	O
for	O
TRON	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2018	O
,	O
TRON	B-Protocol
switched	O
its	O
protocol	O
from	O
an	O
ERC-20	O
token	O
on	O
top	O
of	O
Ethereum	B-Application
to	O
an	O
independent	O
peer-to-peer	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
25	O
July	O
2018	O
,	O
the	O
TRON	B-Protocol
Foundation	O
announced	O
it	O
had	O
finished	O
the	O
acquisition	O
of	O
BitTorrent	O
,	O
a	O
peer-to-peer	O
file	O
sharing	O
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
this	O
,	O
TRON	B-Protocol
declared	O
its	O
independence	O
with	O
the	O
creation	O
of	O
the	O
Genesis	O
block	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
July	O
2018	O
acquisition	O
of	O
BitTorrent	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
January	O
2019	O
,	O
TRON	B-Protocol
had	O
a	O
total	O
market	O
cap	O
of	O
about	O
$1.6	O
billion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Despite	O
this	O
market	O
performance	O
,	O
some	O
authors	O
viewed	O
TRON	B-Protocol
as	O
a	O
typical	O
case	O
of	O
the	O
complex	O
and	O
disordered	O
nature	O
of	O
cryptocurrencies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2019	O
,	O
after	O
being	O
acquired	O
by	O
Tron	B-Protocol
Foundation	O
,	O
BitTorrent	O
started	O
its	O
own	O
token	B-Application
sale	I-Application
based	O
on	O
the	O
TRON	B-Protocol
network	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2023	O
,	O
Sun	O
and	O
Tron	B-Protocol
were	O
sued	O
by	O
the	O
U.S.	O
Securities	O
and	O
Exchange	O
Commission	O
for	O
selling	O
unregistered	O
securities	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
sale	O
and	O
promotion	O
of	O
Tronix	O
(	O
TRX	O
)	O
and	O
BitTorrent	O
(	O
BBT	O
)	O
tokens	O
,	O
alleging	O
that	O
Sun	O
and	O
Tron	B-Protocol
had	O
engaged	O
in	O
wash	O
trading	O
in	O
the	O
secondary	O
market	O
for	O
TRX	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
buoy	O
its	O
price	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TRON	B-Protocol
adopts	O
a	O
3-layer	O
architecture	O
divided	O
into	O
storage	O
layer	O
,	O
core	O
layer	O
,	O
and	O
application	B-Application
layer	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
TRON	B-Protocol
protocol	O
adheres	O
to	O
Google	B-Protocol
protocol	I-Protocol
buffers	I-Protocol
,	O
which	O
intrinsically	O
supports	O
multi-language	O
extension	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
TRON	B-Protocol
protocol	O
,	O
maintained	O
primarily	O
by	O
the	O
TRON	B-Protocol
Foundation	O
,	O
distributes	O
computing	O
resources	O
equally	O
among	O
TRX	O
holders	O
with	O
internal	O
pricing	O
mechanisms	O
such	O
as	O
bandwidth	O
and	O
energy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TRON	B-Protocol
provides	O
a	O
decentralized	O
virtual	O
machine	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
execute	O
a	O
program	O
using	O
an	O
international	O
network	O
of	O
public	O
nodes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
implementations	O
of	O
TRON	B-Protocol
require	O
minimal	O
transaction	O
fees	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
prevent	O
malicious	O
users	O
from	O
performing	O
DDoS	O
attacks	O
for	O
free	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
this	O
respect	O
,	O
EOS.IO	B-Protocol
and	O
TRON	B-Protocol
are	O
quite	O
similar	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
negligible	O
fees	O
,	O
high	O
transactions	O
per	O
second	O
,	O
and	O
high	O
reliability	O
,	O
and	O
as	O
such	O
are	O
regarded	O
as	O
a	O
new	O
generation	O
of	O
blockchain	B-Application
systems	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Michael	O
Borkowski	O
,	O
Marten	O
Sigwart	O
,	O
Philipp	O
Frauenthaler	O
,	O
Taneli	O
Hukkinen	O
and	O
Stefan	O
Schulte	O
defined	O
TRON	B-Protocol
as	O
an	O
Ethereum	B-Application
clone	O
,	O
with	O
no	O
fundamental	O
differences	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
transactions	O
per	O
second	O
rate	O
on	O
Tron	B-Protocol
's	O
blockchain	B-Application
was	O
questioned	O
because	O
it	O
was	O
far	O
below	O
its	O
theoretical	O
claim	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2018	O
,	O
via	O
a	O
Tweet	O
,	O
Juan	O
Benet	O
,	O
the	O
CEO	O
at	O
Protocol	O
Labs	O
,	O
revealed	O
that	O
the	O
white	O
paper	O
of	O
TRON	B-Protocol
copied	O
portions	O
of	O
the	O
white	O
papers	O
from	O
IPFSbot	O
and	O
MineFilecoin	O
,	O
without	O
a	O
single	O
reference	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Researchers	O
from	O
Digital	O
Asset	O
Research	O
(	O
DAR	O
)	O
discovered	O
multiple	O
instances	O
of	O
code	O
copied	O
from	O
other	O
projects	O
in	O
the	O
Tron	B-Protocol
code	O
base	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
also	O
accused	O
of	O
violating	O
the	O
GNU	B-Application
Lesser	I-Application
General	I-Application
Public	I-Application
License	I-Application
v3.0	O
(	O
LGPL	B-Application
)	O
because	O
the	O
project	O
does	O
not	O
mention	O
that	O
its	O
client	O
was	O
derived	O
from	O
EthereumJ	O
,	O
a	O
Java	B-Language
implementation	O
of	O
Ethereum	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
accusations	O
were	O
denied	O
by	O
the	O
TRON	B-Protocol
Foundation	O
,	O
the	O
organization	O
behind	O
the	O
design	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2019	O
,	O
the	O
cyber-security	O
testing	O
service	O
HackerOne	O
revealed	O
that	O
just	O
one	O
computer	O
could	O
have	O
brought	O
TRON	B-Protocol
's	O
entire	O
blockchain	B-Application
to	O
a	O
halt	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
revelation	O
showed	O
that	O
a	O
barrage	O
of	O
requests	O
sent	O
by	O
a	O
single	O
PC	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
squeeze	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
the	O
blockchain	B-Application
's	O
CPU	O
,	O
overload	O
the	O
memory	O
,	O
and	O
perform	O
a	O
distributed	O
denial-of-service	O
(	O
DDoS	O
)	O
attack	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
13	O
June	O
2022	O
,	O
Tron	B-Protocol
's	O
algorithmic	O
stablecoin	B-Protocol
,	O
USDD	O
,	O
lost	O
its	O
peg	O
to	O
the	O
US	O
Dollar	O
,	O
trading	O
at	O
0.96	O
per	O
dollar	O
for	O
about	O
a	O
month	O
.	O
</s>
