<s>
A	O
tracking	B-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
,	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
a	O
locating	B-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
,	O
is	O
used	O
for	O
the	O
observing	O
of	O
persons	O
or	O
objects	O
on	O
the	O
move	O
and	O
supplying	O
a	O
timely	O
ordered	O
sequence	O
of	O
location	O
data	O
for	O
further	O
processing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
myriad	O
of	O
tracking	B-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
exists	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
bar-code	O
systems	O
which	O
require	O
items	O
to	O
be	O
scanned	B-Device
and	O
automatic	B-General_Concept
identification	I-General_Concept
(	O
RFID	B-Application
auto-id	B-General_Concept
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
That	O
is	O
,	O
bar-code	O
systems	O
are	O
separate	O
from	O
Electronic	O
Product	O
Code	O
(	O
EPC	O
)	O
systems	O
,	O
GPS	O
systems	O
are	O
separate	O
from	O
active	O
real	O
time	O
locating	B-Operating_System
systems	I-Operating_System
or	O
RTLS	O
for	O
example	O
,	O
a	O
passive	B-Application
RFID	I-Application
system	O
would	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
a	O
warehouse	O
to	O
scan	O
the	O
boxes	O
as	O
they	O
are	O
loaded	O
on	O
a	O
truck	O
-	O
then	O
the	O
truck	O
itself	O
is	O
tracked	O
on	O
a	O
different	O
system	O
using	O
GPS	O
with	O
its	O
own	O
features	O
and	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
a	O
barcode	O
,	O
any	O
passive	O
and	O
active	O
RFID	B-Application
and	O
feeding	O
read	O
data	O
into	O
Work	O
in	O
Progress	O
models	O
(	O
WIP	O
)	O
or	O
Warehouse	O
Management	O
Systems	O
(	O
WMS	O
)	O
or	O
ERP	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
readers	O
required	O
per	O
choke	O
point	O
are	O
meshed	O
auto-ID	B-General_Concept
or	O
hand-held	O
ID	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
802.11	O
,	O
Received	O
Signal	O
Strength	O
Indication	O
(	O
RSSI	O
)	O
,	O
Time	O
Delay	O
on	O
Arrival	O
(	O
TDOA	O
)	O
,	O
active	O
RFID	B-Application
or	O
GPS	O
Yard	O
Management	O
;	O
feeding	O
into	O
either	O
third	O
party	O
yard	O
management	O
software	O
from	O
the	O
provider	O
or	O
to	O
an	O
existing	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Yard	O
Management	O
Systems	O
(	O
YMS	O
)	O
couple	O
location	O
data	O
collected	O
by	O
RFID	B-Application
and	O
GPS	O
systems	O
to	O
help	O
supply	O
chain	O
managers	O
to	O
optimize	O
utilization	O
of	O
yard	O
assets	O
such	O
as	O
trailers	O
and	O
dock	O
doors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
YMS	O
systems	O
can	O
use	O
either	O
active	O
or	O
passive	B-Application
RFID	I-Application
tags	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Person	O
tracking	O
relies	O
on	O
unique	O
identifiers	O
that	O
are	O
temporarily	O
(	O
RFID	B-Application
tags	I-Application
)	O
or	O
permanently	O
assigned	O
to	O
persons	O
like	O
personal	O
identifiers	O
(	O
including	O
biometric	O
identifiers	O
)	O
,	O
or	O
national	O
identification	O
numbers	O
and	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
sample	O
their	O
positions	O
,	O
either	O
on	O
short	O
temporal	O
scales	O
as	O
through	O
GPS	O
or	O
for	O
public	O
administration	O
to	O
keep	O
track	O
of	O
a	O
state	O
's	O
citizens	O
or	O
temporary	O
residents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Location-based	B-Application
services	I-Application
(	O
LBS	O
)	O
utilise	O
a	O
combination	O
of	O
A-GPS	O
,	O
newer	O
GPS	O
and	O
cellular	O
locating	O
technology	O
that	O
is	O
derived	O
from	O
the	O
telematics	O
and	O
telecom	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
such	O
,	O
A-GPS	O
enabled	O
cell	O
phones	O
and	O
PDAs	B-Application
can	O
be	O
located	O
indoors	O
and	O
the	O
handset	O
may	O
be	O
tracked	O
more	O
precisely	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
enables	O
non-vehicle	O
centric	O
applications	O
and	O
can	O
bridge	O
the	O
indoor	B-Device
location	I-Device
gap	O
,	O
typically	O
the	O
domain	O
of	O
RFID	B-Application
and	O
Real-time	O
locating	B-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
(	O
RTLS	O
)	O
systems	O
,	O
with	O
an	O
off	O
the	O
shelf	O
cellular	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RFID	B-Application
is	O
excellent	O
and	O
reliable	O
indoors	O
or	O
in	O
situations	O
where	O
close	O
proximity	O
to	O
tag	O
readers	O
is	O
feasible	O
,	O
but	O
has	O
limited	O
range	O
and	O
still	O
requires	O
costly	O
readers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
RFID	B-Application
stands	O
for	O
Radio	B-Application
Frequency	I-Application
Identification	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
RTLS	O
are	O
enabled	O
by	O
Wireless	B-Architecture
LAN	I-Architecture
systems	O
(	O
according	O
to	O
IEEE	O
802.11	O
)	O
or	O
other	O
wireless	O
systems	O
(	O
according	O
to	O
IEEE	O
802.15	O
)	O
with	O
multilateration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
virtual	B-Application
space	I-Application
technology	O
,	O
a	O
tracking	B-Operating_System
system	I-Operating_System
is	O
generally	O
a	O
system	O
capable	O
of	O
rendering	O
virtual	B-Application
space	I-Application
to	O
a	O
human	O
observer	O
while	O
tracking	O
the	O
observer	O
's	O
coordinates	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
vision-based	O
trajectory	O
tracking	O
,	O
that	O
uses	O
a	O
color	O
and	O
depth	O
camera	O
known	O
as	O
a	O
KINECT	B-Algorithm
sensor	O
to	O
track	O
3D	O
position	O
and	O
movement	O
.	O
</s>
