<s>
In	O
econometrics	O
and	O
statistics	O
,	O
a	O
top-coded	B-General_Concept
data	O
observation	O
is	O
one	O
for	O
which	O
data	O
points	O
whose	O
values	O
are	O
above	O
an	O
upper	O
bound	O
are	O
censored	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
help	O
overcome	O
this	O
problem	O
,	O
CPS	O
provides	O
the	O
mean	O
value	O
of	O
top-coded	B-General_Concept
values	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
the	O
lower	O
bound	O
of	O
the	O
top-coded	B-General_Concept
group	O
is	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
regressor	O
value	O
(	O
30000	O
in	O
the	O
example	O
above	O
)	O
,	O
OLS	O
is	O
biased	O
and	O
inconsistent	O
since	O
the	O
regressor	O
's	O
highest	O
values	O
are	O
reported	O
with	O
a	O
systematic	O
error	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
top-coded	B-General_Concept
observations	O
can	O
be	O
omitted	O
from	O
the	O
regression	O
entirely	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Tobit	O
procedure	O
is	O
robust	O
to	O
top	B-General_Concept
coding	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
gives	O
unbiased	O
estimates	O
.	O
</s>
