<s>
ToBoS-FP	B-Device
is	O
a	O
floating	B-Algorithm
point	I-Algorithm
compiler	O
for	O
the	O
Sinclair	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
on	O
ZX	B-Operating_System
Spectrum	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
name	O
stands	O
for	O
Toruń	O
,	O
Jerzy	O
Borkowski	O
,	O
Wojciech	O
Skaba	O
,	O
Floating	B-Algorithm
Point	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Source	O
code	O
compilation	O
enables	O
substantial	O
(	O
20+	O
)	O
speed	O
up	O
of	O
execution	O
of	O
programs	O
that	O
are	O
normally	O
interpreted	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
acceleration	O
results	O
mostly	O
from	O
the	O
utilization	O
of	O
compiler	O
's	O
own	O
floating	B-Algorithm
point	I-Algorithm
arithmetic	I-Algorithm
library	I-Algorithm
and	O
graphics	O
library	O
that	O
replace	O
the	O
ZX	B-Operating_System
Spectrum	I-Operating_System
built-in	O
routines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
a	O
1992	O
independent	O
survey	O
,	O
ToBoS-FP	B-Device
was	O
named	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
of	O
all	O
known	O
BASIC	O
compilers	O
for	O
the	O
ZX	B-Operating_System
Spectrum	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
still	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
best	O
BASIC	O
compiler	O
for	O
ZX	B-Operating_System
Spectrum	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
ZX	B-Operating_System
Spectrum	I-Operating_System
is	O
factory	O
equipped	O
with	O
a	O
Sinclair	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
editor	O
and	O
interpreter	B-Application
that	O
enables	O
immediate	O
program	O
execution	O
without	O
a	O
compilation	O
pass	O
and	O
not	O
consuming	O
memory	O
for	O
the	O
compiled	O
code	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
number	O
of	O
integer	O
and	O
floating	B-Algorithm
point	I-Algorithm
compilers	O
have	O
been	O
released	O
since	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
:	O
HiSoft	O
Basic	O
,	O
HiSoft	O
Colt	O
,	O
Softek	O
IS/FP	O
,	O
MCoder	O
,	O
ZIP	O
Compiler	O
,	O
Boriel	O
ZX	B-Language
Basic	I-Language
,	O
Blast	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unfortunately	O
,	O
the	O
Sinclair	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
enables	O
programming	O
constructs	O
that	O
are	O
hard	O
or	O
even	O
impossible	O
to	O
be	O
compiled	O
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
compatibility	O
between	O
the	O
interpreter	B-Application
and	O
a	O
compiler	O
is	O
an	O
issue	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
compiler	O
was	O
written	O
in	O
Z80	B-General_Concept
assembler	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
order	O
to	O
achieve	O
a	O
substantial	O
speed	O
up	O
,	O
a	O
shorter	O
floating	B-Algorithm
point	I-Algorithm
number	I-Algorithm
format	O
has	O
been	O
applied	O
,	O
one	O
that	O
is	O
close	O
to	O
single	O
precision	O
IEEE	O
754-1985	O
,	O
consisting	O
of	O
1-byte	O
exponent	O
and	O
3-byte	O
fraction	O
(	O
effectively	O
7	O
decimal	O
digits	O
precision	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
original	O
Sinclair	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
utilizes	O
1-byte	O
exponent	O
and	O
4-byte	O
fraction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
floating	B-Algorithm
point	I-Algorithm
arithmetic	I-Algorithm
routines	O
have	O
been	O
rewritten	O
,	O
including	O
basic	O
operations	O
like	O
addition	O
,	O
multiplication	O
,	O
division	O
and	O
functions	O
like	O
square	O
root	O
,	O
logarithm	O
,	O
exponent	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
most	O
popular	O
version	O
of	O
ToBoS-FP	B-Device
(	O
ver	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2.0	O
)	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
a	O
compact	B-Device
cassette	I-Device
in	O
May	O
1986	O
in	O
Poland	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
distributed	O
on	O
a	O
5	B-Device
1⁄	I-Device
4-inch	I-Device
floppy	I-Device
disk	I-Device
and	O
adapted	O
for	O
the	O
Elwro	O
800	O
Junior	O
clone	O
of	O
ZX	B-Operating_System
Spectrum	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
Though	O
some	O
2000	O
copies	O
of	O
ToBoS-FP	B-Device
have	O
been	O
sold	O
in	O
Poland	O
,	O
it	O
spread	O
worldwide	O
mostly	O
free	O
of	O
charge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
being	O
released	O
when	O
general	O
interest	O
in	O
ZX	B-Operating_System
Spectrum	I-Operating_System
started	O
to	O
decline	O
,	O
it	O
came	O
too	O
late	O
for	O
the	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
ToBoS-FP	B-Device
gained	O
most	O
of	O
its	O
popularity	O
in	O
Poland	O
and	O
other	O
East	O
European	O
countries	O
,	O
where	O
ZX	B-Operating_System
Spectrum	I-Operating_System
and	O
its	O
clones	B-Architecture
were	O
in	O
common	O
use	O
until	O
the	O
mid	O
1990s	O
.	O
</s>
