<s>
tkWWW	B-Application
is	O
an	O
early	O
,	O
now	O
discontinued	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
and	O
WYSIWYG	B-Application
HTML	B-General_Concept
editor	I-General_Concept
written	O
by	O
Joseph	O
Wang	O
at	O
MIT	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
Project	B-Operating_System
Athena	I-Operating_System
and	O
the	O
Globewide	O
Network	O
Academy	O
project	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
browser	B-Application
was	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Tcl	B-Operating_System
language	O
and	O
the	O
Tk	B-Application
(	O
toolkit	O
)	O
extension	O
but	O
did	O
not	O
achieve	O
broad	O
user-acceptance	O
or	O
market	O
share	O
,	O
although	O
it	O
was	O
included	O
in	O
many	O
Linux	B-Application
distributions	O
by	O
default	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Joseph	O
Wang	O
wanted	O
tkWWW	B-Application
to	O
become	O
a	O
replacement	O
for	O
r	O
r	O
n	O
and	O
to	O
become	O
a	O
"	O
swiss	O
army	O
knife	O
"	O
of	O
networked	O
computing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Joseph	O
Wang	O
announced	O
in	O
July	O
1992	O
that	O
he	O
was	O
developing	O
a	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
based	O
on	O
Tk	B-Application
,	O
and	O
made	O
the	O
alpha	O
version	O
0.1	O
publicly	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
0.4	O
integrated	O
a	O
much	O
easier	O
installation	O
procedure	O
,	O
a	O
better	O
default	O
color	O
scheme	B-Language
,	O
keyboard	O
traversals	O
and	O
a	O
history	O
mechanism	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
0.6	O
made	O
personal	O
annotations	O
compatible	O
with	O
xmosaic	B-Application
and	O
improved	O
the	O
GUI	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
version	O
0.7	O
on	O
1	O
May	O
1993	O
,	O
tkWWW	B-Application
became	O
the	O
first	O
WYSIWYG	B-Application
HTML	B-General_Concept
editor	I-General_Concept
for	O
X11	B-Operating_System
which	O
was	O
originally	O
written	O
by	O
Nathan	O
Torkington	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
0.8	O
improved	O
the	O
graphical	B-Application
user	I-Application
interface	I-Application
(	O
GUI	B-Application
)	O
and	O
added	O
a	O
"	O
reload	O
"	O
option	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
version	O
0.9	O
,	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
achieved	O
beta	O
status	O
and	O
added	O
support	O
for	O
character-styling	O
tags	B-General_Concept
and	O
for	O
version	O
7.0	O
of	O
Tcl	B-Operating_System
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
partial	O
support	O
for	O
image	O
tags	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Version	O
0.11	O
worked	O
successfully	O
with	O
RCS	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Based	O
on	O
the	O
newly	O
released	O
Tk	B-Application
4.0	O
,	O
tkWWW	B-Application
0.13	O
was	O
an	O
alpha	O
release	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
allow	O
for	O
wider	O
testing	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
HTML+	B-Language
,	O
a	O
proposed	O
successor	O
to	O
HTML	B-Language
2	O
,	O
was	O
implemented	O
while	O
the	O
specification	O
was	O
being	O
developed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
tkWWW	B-Application
was	O
extended	O
by	O
the	O
GNU	B-Application
Guile	I-Application
project	O
,	O
to	O
support	O
Scheme	B-Language
extensions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
short-term	O
agenda	O
for	O
tkWWW	B-Application
included	O
an	O
SGML	B-Language
parser	B-Language
and	O
the	O
separation	O
of	O
the	O
browser	B-Application
from	O
the	O
editor	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
simplify	O
user	O
experience	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
long-term	O
plan	O
included	O
new	O
functions	O
like	O
word	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
,	O
directory	B-Application
navigation	I-Application
,	O
file	B-Protocol
transfer	I-Protocol
,	O
and	O
news	B-Application
and	O
email	O
reading	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
htext-widget	O
,	O
Tk	B-Application
code	O
could	O
be	O
embedded	O
into	O
web	O
pages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
the	O
interface	O
was	O
written	O
in	O
Tk	B-Application
,	O
it	O
was	O
easy	O
to	O
modify	O
and	O
extend	O
the	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
tkWWW	B-Application
was	O
developed	O
before	O
the	O
advent	O
of	O
Safe-Tcl	O
,	O
to	O
allow	O
untrusted	O
applications	O
to	O
run	O
from	O
non-privileged	O
accounts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
tkWWW	B-Application
was	O
criticized	O
for	O
not	O
supporting	O
the	O
mailto	O
URI	O
scheme	B-Language
,	O
rlogin	B-Application
,	O
WAIS	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
HTML	B-General_Concept
forms	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
tkWWW	B-Application
was	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Tk	B-Application
framework	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
very	O
easy	O
to	O
expand	O
its	O
functions	O
and	O
to	O
extend	O
its	O
capabilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Indeed	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
several	O
extensions	O
and	O
applications	O
based	O
on	O
tkWWW	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Phoenix	O
was	O
a	O
well-known	O
web	B-Application
browser	I-Application
and	O
editor	O
,	O
created	O
at	O
the	O
University	O
of	O
Chicago	O
in	O
the	O
Biological	O
Sciences	O
Division	O
,	O
that	O
was	O
built	O
on	O
tkWWW	B-Application
version	O
0.9	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
main	O
new	O
features	O
were	O
:	O
improved	O
HTML+	B-Language
support	O
,	O
deeper	O
integration	O
of	O
features	O
such	O
as	O
copy	B-General_Concept
and	I-General_Concept
paste	I-General_Concept
and	O
native	O
look-and-feel	O
,	O
and	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
Kerberos	B-Protocol
protocol	I-Protocol
by	O
modified	O
servers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
browser	B-Application
was	O
supported	O
on	O
MS-DOS	B-Application
,	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
,	O
Mac	B-Application
OS	I-Application
,	O
and	O
on	O
Linux	B-Application
and	O
other	O
Unix	B-Application
systems	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Further	O
development	O
would	O
have	O
added	O
support	O
for	O
BSD	B-Operating_System
platforms	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
short-term	O
plan	O
for	O
tkWWW	B-Application
was	O
to	O
separate	O
the	O
editing	O
and	O
browsing	O
functions	O
,	O
as	O
had	O
already	O
been	O
accomplished	O
for	O
Phoenix	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ability	O
to	O
access	O
Multi-user	O
Object-Oriented	O
(	O
MOO	B-Application
)	O
or	O
Multi-User	B-Application
Dungeon	I-Application
(	O
MUD	B-Application
)	O
servers	O
was	O
requested	O
as	O
a	O
new	O
package	O
for	O
tkWWW	B-Application
,	O
and	O
this	O
was	O
delivered	O
by	O
the	O
Phoenix	O
team	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Scott	O
Spetka	O
presented	O
a	O
paper	O
at	O
the	O
Mosaic	B-Application
and	O
the	O
Web	O
Conference	O
in	O
Chicago	O
entitled	O
"	O
The	O
TkWWW	B-Application
Robot	O
"	O
in	O
October	O
1994	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TkWWW	B-Application
robot	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
web	B-Application
crawlers	I-Application
and	O
internet	B-Protocol
bots	I-Protocol
based	O
on	O
tkWWW	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
developed	O
over	O
the	O
summer	O
at	O
the	O
Air	O
Force	O
Rome	O
Laboratory	O
,	O
with	O
funding	O
from	O
the	O
Air	O
Force	O
Office	O
of	O
Scientific	O
Research	O
,	O
to	O
build	O
HTML	B-Language
indexes	O
,	O
compile	B-Language
WWW	O
statistics	O
,	O
collect	O
image	O
portfolios	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TkWWW	B-Application
robot	O
's	O
major	O
advantage	O
was	O
its	O
flexibility	O
in	O
adapting	O
to	O
virtually	O
any	O
criteria	O
to	O
guide	O
its	O
search	O
path	O
and	O
to	O
control	O
its	O
selection	O
of	O
data	O
for	O
retrieval	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
search	B-Application
algorithm	I-Application
worked	O
by	O
identifying	O
"	O
web	O
neighborhoods	O
"	O
—	O
finding	O
logically	O
related	O
homepages	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
bot	B-Protocol
returned	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
links	O
in	O
the	O
form	O
of	O
bookmarks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
tkWWW	B-Application
was	O
originally	O
developed	O
for	O
Unix	B-Application
but	O
would	O
run	O
on	O
any	O
modern	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
where	O
Tcl/Tk	B-Application
is	O
properly	O
installed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
display	O
images	O
,	O
tkWWW	B-Application
requires	O
the	O
xli	O
package	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
tkWWW	B-Application
has	O
two	O
strictly	O
separated	O
processes	O
:	O
one	O
for	O
the	O
GUI	B-Application
,	O
and	O
another	O
for	O
network	O
interaction	O
and	O
for	O
parsing	B-Language
HTML	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
latter	O
is	O
compiled	B-Language
C	B-Language
code	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
CERN	O
libwww	B-Protocol
library	B-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
front-end	O
GUI	B-Application
is	O
written	O
in	O
Tcl/Tk	B-Application
,	O
which	O
is	O
interpreted	O
at	O
run	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
