<s>
The	O
Timex	B-Device
Sinclair	I-Device
1000	I-Device
(	O
or	O
T/S	O
1000	O
)	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
computer	O
produced	O
by	O
Timex	O
Sinclair	O
,	O
a	O
joint	O
venture	O
between	O
Timex	O
Corporation	O
and	O
Sinclair	O
Research	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
T/S	O
1000	O
was	O
a	O
slightly	O
modified	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Sinclair	O
ZX81	O
with	O
an	O
NTSC	O
RF	O
modulator	O
,	O
for	O
use	O
with	O
North	O
American	O
TVs	O
,	O
instead	O
of	O
PAL	B-Language
for	O
European	O
TVs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
T/S	O
1000	O
doubled	O
the	O
onboard	O
RAM	B-Architecture
from	O
1	O
KB	O
to	O
2KB	O
;	O
further	O
expandable	O
by	O
16KB	O
through	O
the	O
cartridge	O
port	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
T/S	O
1000	O
's	O
casing	O
had	O
slightly	O
more	O
internal	O
shielding	O
but	O
remained	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
Sinclair	O
's	O
,	O
including	O
the	O
membrane	B-Device
keyboard	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
followed	O
in	O
1983	O
by	O
an	O
improved	O
version	O
,	O
the	O
Timex	O
Sinclair	O
1500	O
which	O
incorporated	O
the	O
16KB	O
RAM	B-Architecture
expansion	O
and	O
featured	O
a	O
lower	O
price	O
(	O
US$80	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
T/S	O
1500	O
did	O
not	O
achieve	O
market	O
success	O
,	O
given	O
that	O
by	O
this	O
time	O
the	O
marketplace	O
was	O
dominated	O
by	O
Commodore	O
,	O
Radio	B-Device
Shack	I-Device
,	O
Atari	O
and	O
Apple	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Timex	O
claimed	O
to	O
have	O
sold	O
600,000	O
T/S	O
1000s	O
in	O
the	O
US	O
by	O
early	O
1983	O
,	O
and	O
other	O
companies	O
imported	O
localized	B-General_Concept
versions	O
of	O
British	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
pricing	O
initiated	O
a	O
price	O
war	O
with	O
Commodore	O
International	O
,	O
who	O
quickly	O
reduced	O
the	O
price	O
of	O
its	O
VIC-20	B-Device
to	O
match	O
and	O
later	O
announced	O
a	O
trade-in	O
program	O
offering	O
$100	O
for	O
any	O
competing	O
computer	O
toward	O
the	O
purchase	O
of	O
a	O
Commodore	O
64	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
the	O
Sinclair	O
ZX81	O
,	O
the	O
T/S	O
1000	O
used	O
8K	O
BASIC	O
,	O
a	O
version	O
of	O
Sinclair	B-Language
BASIC	I-Language
(	O
a	O
BASIC	O
dialect	O
)	O
,	O
as	O
its	O
primary	O
interface	O
and	O
programming	O
language	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
make	O
the	O
membrane	B-Device
keyboard	I-Device
less	O
cumbersome	O
for	O
program	O
entry	O
,	O
the	O
T/S	O
1000	O
used	O
a	O
shortcut	O
system	O
of	O
one-letter	O
"	O
keywords	O
"	O
for	O
most	O
commands	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
pressing	O
while	O
the	O
cursor	O
was	O
in	O
"	O
keyword	O
mode	O
"	O
would	O
generate	O
the	O
keyword	O
PRINT	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
limited	O
graphics	O
were	O
based	O
on	O
geometric	O
shapes	O
contained	O
within	O
the	O
operating	O
system	O
's	O
non-ASCII	B-Language
character	I-Language
set	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
tutorials	O
provided	O
an	O
opportunity	O
for	O
learning	O
about	O
early	O
speech	B-Application
synthesis	I-Application
technology	O
through	O
a	O
Speak	B-Application
&	I-Application
Spell	I-Application
,	O
robotics	O
control	O
through	O
the	O
memory	O
port	O
,	O
and	O
scrolling	O
text	O
displays	O
for	O
advertising	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Full-size	O
keyboards	O
,	O
speech	B-Application
synthesizers	I-Application
,	O
sound	O
generators	O
,	O
disk	B-Device
drives	I-Device
,	O
and	O
memory	O
expansions	O
(	O
up	O
to	O
64KB	O
)	O
were	O
a	O
few	O
of	O
the	O
options	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Languages	O
such	O
as	O
Forth	B-Application
and	O
Pascal	B-Application
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
BASIC	O
compilers	O
and	O
assemblers	O
,	O
augmented	O
the	O
T/S	O
1000	O
's	O
programming	O
possibilities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microcomputing	O
magazine	O
published	O
an	O
article	O
in	O
April	O
1983	O
,	O
criticizing	O
the	O
membrane	B-Device
keyboard	I-Device
(	O
"	O
The	O
designers	O
of	O
the	O
Timex-Sinclair	O
1000	O
...	O
reduced	O
this	O
important	O
programming	O
tool	O
to	O
a	O
fraction	O
of	O
the	O
required	O
size	O
"	O
)	O
and	O
describing	O
how	O
to	O
connect	O
external	O
full-size	O
keyboards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
07-9004	O
Flight	O
Simulator	O
(	O
Required	O
the	O
16K	O
RAM	B-Architecture
pack	O
)	O
The	O
program	O
took	O
12	O
minutes	O
to	O
load	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
TS1510	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
with	O
a	O
T/S	O
1000	O
and	O
a	O
16KB	O
RAM	B-Architecture
pack	O
(	O
an	O
additional	O
RAM	B-Architecture
pack	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
T/S	O
1500	O
was	O
an	O
upgraded	O
T/S	O
1000	O
with	O
a	O
better	O
keyboard	O
and	O
16KB	O
RAM	B-Architecture
,	O
introduced	O
in	O
1983	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
design	O
utilized	O
the	O
T/S	O
2000	O
prototype	O
(	O
ZX	O
Spectrum-like	O
)	O
silver	O
cases	O
that	O
were	O
n't	O
previously	O
used	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
launch	O
of	O
the	O
T/S	B-Device
2068	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
T/S	O
1500	O
replaced	O
the	O
earlier	O
machine	O
's	O
ZX81-like	O
case	O
with	O
a	O
silver	O
ZX	O
Spectrum-like	O
case	O
,	O
the	O
same	O
ZX	B-Operating_System
Spectrum	I-Operating_System
rubber	O
keyboard	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
custom	O
ULA	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
the	O
T/S	O
1500	O
came	O
with	O
16KB	O
internal	O
RAM	B-Architecture
,	O
an	O
external	O
16KB	O
RAM	B-Architecture
pack	O
could	O
be	O
added	O
for	O
a	O
total	O
of	O
32KB	O
RAM	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
few	O
keyboard	O
commands	O
(	O
POKEs	O
)	O
were	O
required	O
for	O
the	O
system	O
to	O
recognize	O
the	O
additional	O
memory	O
space	O
(	O
the	O
RAM	B-Architecture
pack	O
is	O
multiplexed	O
to	O
the	O
start	O
of	O
the	O
RAM	B-Architecture
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
T/S	O
1000	O
's	O
successor	O
,	O
the	O
T/S	B-Device
2068	I-Device
,	O
was	O
already	O
available	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
home	O
computer	O
market	O
in	O
general	O
was	O
dominated	O
by	O
Commodore	O
,	O
Radio	B-Device
Shack	I-Device
,	O
Atari	O
and	O
Apple	O
.	O
</s>
