<s>
John	O
Vincent	O
Atanasoff	O
and	O
Clifford	O
Berry	O
create	O
the	O
first	O
electronic	O
non-programmable	O
,	O
digital	O
computing	O
device	O
,	O
the	B-Device
Atanasoff	I-Device
–	I-Device
Berry	I-Device
Computer	I-Device
,	O
that	O
lasted	O
from	O
1937	O
to	O
1942	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Monte	B-Algorithm
Carlo	I-Algorithm
simulation	I-Algorithm
(	O
voted	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
top	O
10	O
algorithms	O
of	O
the	O
20th	O
century	O
by	O
Jack	O
Dongarra	O
and	O
Francis	O
Sullivan	O
in	O
the	O
2000	O
issue	O
of	O
Computing	O
in	O
Science	O
and	O
Engineering	O
)	O
is	O
invented	O
at	O
Los	O
Alamos	O
National	O
Laboratory	O
by	O
John	O
von	O
Neumann	O
,	O
Stanislaw	O
Ulam	O
and	O
Nicholas	O
Metropolis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Equations	O
of	O
State	O
Calculations	O
by	O
Fast	O
Computing	O
Machines	O
introduces	O
the	O
Metropolis	B-Algorithm
–	I-Algorithm
Hastings	I-Algorithm
algorithm	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Loup	O
Verlet	O
(	O
re	O
)	O
discovers	O
a	B-Language
numerical	I-Language
integration	I-Language
algorithm	I-Language
,	O
(	O
first	O
used	O
in	O
1791	O
by	O
Jean	O
Baptiste	O
Delambre	O
,	O
by	O
P	O
.	O
H	O
.	O
Cowell	O
and	O
A	O
.	O
C	O
.	O
C	O
.	O
Crommelin	O
in	O
1909	O
,	O
and	O
by	O
Carl	O
Fredrik	O
Störmer	O
in	O
1907	O
,	O
hence	O
the	O
alternative	O
names	O
Störmer	B-Language
's	I-Language
method	I-Language
or	O
the	O
Verlet-Störmer	O
method	O
)	O
for	O
dynamics	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
Verlet	O
list	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Italian	O
physicists	O
Roberto	O
Car	O
and	O
Michele	O
Parrinello	O
invent	O
the	O
Car	B-Application
–	I-Application
Parrinello	I-Application
method	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Swendsen	O
–	O
Wang	O
algorithm	O
is	O
invented	O
in	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
Monte	B-Algorithm
Carlo	I-Algorithm
simulations	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Fast	B-Algorithm
multipole	I-Algorithm
method	I-Algorithm
is	O
invented	O
by	O
Vladimir	O
Rokhlin	O
and	O
Leslie	O
Greengard	O
(	O
voted	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
top	O
10	O
algorithms	O
of	O
the	O
20th	O
century	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Ullli	O
Wolff	O
invents	O
the	O
Wolff	O
algorithm	O
for	O
statistical	O
physics	O
and	O
Monte	B-Algorithm
Carlo	I-Algorithm
simulation	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
