<s>
A	O
timeline	B-Application
is	O
a	O
display	O
of	O
a	O
list	O
of	O
events	O
in	O
chronological	B-Application
order	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Timelines	B-Application
can	O
use	O
any	O
suitable	O
scale	O
representing	O
time	O
,	O
suiting	O
the	O
subject	O
and	O
data	O
;	O
many	O
use	O
a	O
linear	O
scale	O
,	O
in	O
which	O
a	O
unit	O
of	O
distance	O
is	O
equal	O
to	O
a	O
set	O
amount	O
of	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
timescale	O
is	O
dependent	O
on	O
the	O
events	O
in	O
the	O
timeline	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
timeline	B-Application
of	O
evolution	O
can	O
be	O
over	O
millions	O
of	O
years	O
,	O
whereas	O
a	O
timeline	B-Application
for	O
the	O
day	O
of	O
the	O
September	O
11	O
attacks	O
can	O
take	O
place	O
over	O
minutes	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
of	O
an	O
explosion	O
over	O
milliseconds	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
many	O
timelines	B-Application
use	O
a	O
linear	O
timescale	O
—	O
especially	O
where	O
very	O
large	O
or	O
small	O
timespans	O
are	O
relevant	O
--	O
logarithmic	O
timelines	B-Application
entail	O
a	O
logarithmic	O
scale	O
of	O
time	O
;	O
some	O
"	O
hurry	O
up	O
and	O
wait	O
"	O
chronologies	B-Application
are	O
depicted	O
with	O
zoom	O
lens	O
metaphors	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
,	O
chronological	B-Application
events	O
were	O
arranged	O
in	O
a	O
mostly	O
textual	O
form	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Alongside	O
them	O
,	O
the	O
table	B-Application
was	O
used	O
like	O
in	O
the	O
Greek	O
tables	O
of	O
Olympiads	O
and	O
Roman	O
lists	O
of	O
consuls	O
and	O
triumphs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
Europe	O
,	O
from	O
the	O
4th	O
century	O
,	O
the	O
dominant	O
chronological	B-Application
notation	O
was	O
the	O
table	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
table	B-Application
is	O
easy	O
to	O
produce	O
,	O
append	O
,	O
and	O
read	O
with	O
indices	O
,	O
so	O
it	O
also	O
fit	O
the	O
Renaissance	B-Application
scholars	O
 '	O
absorption	O
of	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
sources	O
with	O
its	O
focus	O
on	O
commonalities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
uses	O
made	O
the	O
table	B-Application
with	O
years	O
in	O
one	O
column	O
and	O
places	O
of	O
events	O
(	O
kingdoms	O
)	O
on	O
the	O
top	O
the	O
dominant	O
visual	O
structure	O
of	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
17th	O
century	O
,	O
historians	O
had	O
started	O
to	O
claim	O
that	O
chronology	B-Application
and	O
geography	O
were	O
the	O
two	O
sources	O
of	O
precise	O
information	O
which	O
bring	O
order	O
to	O
the	O
chaos	O
of	O
history	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
geography	O
,	O
Renaissance	B-Application
mapmakers	O
updated	O
Ptolemy	O
's	O
maps	O
and	O
the	O
map	O
became	O
a	O
symbol	O
of	O
the	O
power	O
of	O
monarchs	O
,	O
and	O
knowledge	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Likewise	O
,	O
the	O
idea	O
that	O
a	O
singular	O
chronology	B-Application
of	O
world	O
history	O
from	O
contemporary	O
sources	O
is	O
possible	O
affected	O
historians	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
want	O
for	O
precision	O
in	O
chronology	B-Application
gave	O
rise	O
to	O
adding	O
historical	O
eclipses	O
to	O
tables	O
,	O
like	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
Gerardus	O
Mercator	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Developments	O
in	O
printing	O
and	O
engraving	O
that	O
made	O
practical	O
larger	O
and	O
more	O
detailed	O
book	O
illustrations	O
allowed	O
these	O
changes	O
,	O
but	O
in	O
the	O
17th	O
century	O
,	O
the	O
table	B-Application
with	O
some	O
modifications	O
continued	O
to	O
dominate	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
modern	O
timeline	B-Application
emerged	O
in	O
Joseph	O
Priestley	O
's	O
A	O
Chart	O
of	O
Biography	O
,	O
published	O
in	O
1765	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
table	B-Application
has	O
the	O
advantage	O
in	O
that	O
it	O
can	O
present	O
many	O
of	O
these	O
intersections	O
and	O
branching	O
paths	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Regardless	O
,	O
the	O
timeline	B-Application
had	O
become	O
very	O
popular	O
during	O
the	O
18th	O
and	O
19th	O
centuries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
in	O
some	O
cases	O
,	O
filling	O
in	O
a	O
timeline	B-Application
with	O
more	O
data	O
only	O
pushed	O
it	O
towards	O
impracticality	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Charles	O
Joseph	O
Minard	O
's	O
1869	O
thematic	B-Application
map	I-Application
of	O
casualties	O
of	O
the	O
French	O
army	O
in	O
its	O
Russian	O
campaign	O
put	O
much	O
less	O
focus	O
on	O
the	O
one-directional	O
line	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
19th	O
century	O
,	O
Henri	O
Bergson	O
declared	O
the	O
metaphor	O
of	O
the	O
timeline	B-Application
to	O
be	O
deceiving	O
in	O
Time	O
and	O
Free	O
Will	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
question	O
of	O
big	O
history	O
and	O
deep	O
time	O
engendered	O
estranging	O
forms	O
of	O
the	O
timeline	B-Application
,	O
like	O
in	O
Olaf	O
Stapledon	O
's	O
1930	O
work	O
Last	O
and	O
First	O
Men	O
where	O
timelines	B-Application
are	O
drawn	O
on	O
scales	O
from	O
the	O
historical	O
to	O
the	O
cosmological	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Similar	O
techniques	O
are	O
used	O
by	O
the	O
Long	O
Now	O
Foundation	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
difficulties	O
of	O
chronological	B-Application
representation	O
have	O
been	O
presented	O
by	O
visual	O
artists	O
including	O
Francis	O
Picabia	O
,	O
On	O
Kawara	O
,	O
J	O
.	O
J	O
.	O
Grandville	O
,	O
and	O
Saul	O
Steinberg	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
timelines	B-Application
:	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
many	O
methods	O
to	O
visualize	O
timelines	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Historically	O
,	O
timelines	B-Application
were	O
static	O
images	O
and	O
were	O
generally	O
drawn	O
or	O
printed	O
on	O
paper	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Timelines	B-Application
relied	O
heavily	O
on	O
graphic	O
design	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
ability	O
of	O
the	O
artist	O
to	O
visualize	O
the	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Timelines	B-Application
are	O
often	O
used	O
in	O
education	O
to	O
help	O
students	O
and	O
researchers	O
with	O
understanding	O
the	O
order	O
or	O
chronology	B-Application
of	O
historical	O
events	O
and	O
trends	O
for	O
a	O
subject	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
show	O
time	O
on	O
a	O
specific	O
scale	O
on	O
an	O
axis	O
,	O
a	O
timeline	B-Application
can	O
visualize	O
time	O
lapses	O
between	O
events	O
,	O
durations	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
lifetimes	O
or	O
wars	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
simultaneity	O
or	O
the	O
overlap	O
of	O
spans	O
and	O
events	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Timelines	B-Application
are	O
particularly	O
useful	O
for	O
studying	O
history	O
,	O
as	O
they	O
convey	O
a	O
sense	O
of	O
change	O
over	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Wars	O
and	O
social	O
movements	O
are	O
often	O
shown	O
as	O
timelines	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Timelines	B-Application
are	O
also	O
useful	O
for	O
biographies	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Timelines	B-Application
are	O
also	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
natural	O
world	O
and	O
sciences	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
in	O
astronomy	O
,	O
biology	O
,	O
and	O
geology	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
type	O
of	O
timeline	B-Application
is	O
used	O
for	O
project	O
management	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Timelines	B-Application
help	O
team	O
members	O
know	O
what	O
milestones	O
need	O
to	O
be	O
achieved	O
and	O
under	O
what	O
time	O
schedule	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
example	O
is	O
establishing	O
a	O
project	O
timeline	B-Application
in	O
the	O
implementation	O
phase	O
of	O
the	O
life	B-General_Concept
cycle	I-General_Concept
of	I-General_Concept
a	I-General_Concept
computer	I-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Timelines	B-Application
,	O
no	O
longer	O
constrained	O
by	O
previous	O
space	O
and	O
functional	O
limitations	O
,	O
are	O
now	O
digital	O
and	O
interactive	O
,	O
generally	O
created	O
with	O
computer	O
software	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Microsoft	B-Application
Encarta	I-Application
encyclopedia	O
provided	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
earliest	O
multimedia	O
timelines	B-Application
intended	O
for	O
students	O
and	O
the	O
general	O
public	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hyperhistory	O
and	O
ChronoZoom	B-Application
are	O
other	O
examples	O
of	O
interactive	O
timeline	B-Application
software	O
.	O
</s>
