<s>
In	O
telecommunication	O
and	O
computer	B-Architecture
networking	I-Architecture
,	O
time-driven	B-Protocol
switching	I-Protocol
(	O
TDS	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
node	O
by	O
node	O
time	O
variant	O
implementation	O
of	O
circuit	B-Protocol
switching	I-Protocol
,	O
where	O
the	O
propagating	O
datagram	O
is	O
shorter	O
in	O
space	O
than	O
the	O
distance	O
between	O
source	O
and	O
destination	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TDS	O
adds	O
flexibility	O
and	O
capacity	O
to	O
circuit-switched	B-Protocol
networks	I-Protocol
but	O
requires	O
precise	O
synchronization	O
among	O
nodes	O
and	O
propagating	O
datagrams	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
respect	O
to	O
circuit	B-Protocol
switching	I-Protocol
,	O
the	O
added	O
time	O
dimension	O
introduces	O
additional	O
complexity	O
to	O
network	O
management	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Like	O
circuit	B-Protocol
switching	I-Protocol
,	O
TDS	O
operates	O
without	O
buffers	O
and	O
header	O
processing	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
pipeline	B-Protocol
forwarding	I-Protocol
principle	O
;	O
therefore	O
an	O
all	O
optical	O
implementation	O
with	O
optical	B-Architecture
fibers	I-Architecture
and	O
optical	O
switches	O
is	O
possible	O
with	O
low	O
cost	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
TDS	O
concept	O
itself	O
pervades	O
and	O
is	O
applicable	O
with	O
advantage	O
to	O
existing	O
data	O
switching	O
technologies	O
,	O
including	O
packet	B-Protocol
switching	I-Protocol
,	O
where	O
packets	O
,	O
or	O
sets	O
of	O
packets	O
become	O
the	O
datagrams	O
that	O
are	O
routed	O
through	O
the	O
network	O
.	O
</s>
