<s>
Tianhe-I	B-Device
,	O
Tianhe-1	B-Device
,	O
or	O
TH-1	O
(	O
,	O
;	O
Sky	O
River	O
Number	O
One	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
supercomputer	B-Architecture
capable	O
of	O
an	O
Rmax	O
(	O
maximum	O
range	O
)	O
of	O
2.5	O
peta	O
FLOPS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Located	O
at	O
the	O
National	B-Device
Supercomputing	I-Device
Center	I-Device
of	O
Tianjin	O
,	O
China	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
fastest	B-Operating_System
computer	I-Operating_System
in	O
the	O
world	O
from	O
October	O
2010	O
to	O
June	O
2011	O
and	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
few	O
petascale	B-General_Concept
supercomputers	B-Architecture
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2010	O
,	O
an	O
upgraded	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
machine	O
(	O
Tianhe-1A	O
)	O
overtook	O
ORNL	O
's	O
Jaguar	B-Device
to	O
become	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
fastest	B-Operating_System
supercomputer	I-Operating_System
,	O
with	O
a	O
peak	O
computing	O
rate	O
of	O
2.57	O
petaFLOPS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2011	O
the	O
Tianhe-1A	O
was	O
overtaken	O
by	O
the	O
K	B-Device
computer	I-Device
as	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
fastest	B-Operating_System
supercomputer	I-Operating_System
,	O
which	O
was	O
also	O
subsequently	O
superseded	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Both	O
the	O
original	O
Tianhe-1	B-Device
and	O
Tianhe-1A	O
use	O
a	O
Linux-based	O
operating	B-General_Concept
system	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
12	O
August	O
2015	O
,	O
Tianhe-1	B-Device
felt	O
the	O
impact	O
of	O
the	O
powerful	O
Tianjin	O
explosions	O
and	O
went	O
offline	O
for	O
some	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Xinhua	O
reports	O
that	O
"	O
the	O
office	O
building	O
of	O
Chinese	O
supercomputer	B-Architecture
Tianhe-1	B-Device
,	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
fastest	B-Operating_System
supercomputers	I-Operating_System
,	O
suffered	O
damage	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sources	O
at	O
Tianhe-1	B-Device
told	O
Xinhua	O
that	O
the	O
computer	O
was	O
not	O
damaged	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
they	O
had	O
shut	O
down	O
some	O
of	O
its	O
operations	O
as	O
a	O
precaution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tianhe-1	B-Device
was	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
Chinese	O
National	O
University	O
of	O
Defense	O
Technology	O
(	O
NUDT	O
)	O
in	O
Changsha	O
,	O
Hunan	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
first	O
revealed	O
to	O
the	O
public	O
on	O
2009	O
,	O
and	O
was	O
immediately	O
ranked	O
as	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
fifth	O
fastest	B-Operating_System
supercomputer	I-Operating_System
in	O
the	O
TOP500	B-Operating_System
list	O
released	O
at	O
the	O
2009	O
Supercomputing	B-Architecture
Conference	O
(	O
SC09	O
)	O
held	O
in	O
Portland	O
,	O
Oregon	O
,	O
on	O
2009	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tianhe	O
achieved	O
a	O
speed	O
of	O
563	O
teraflops	O
in	O
its	O
first	O
Top	B-Operating_System
500	I-Operating_System
test	O
and	O
had	O
a	O
peak	O
performance	O
of	O
1.2	O
petaflops	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Originally	O
,	O
Tianhe-1	B-Device
was	O
powered	O
by	O
4,096	O
Intel	B-Device
Xeon	I-Device
E5540	O
processors	O
and	O
1,024	O
Intel	B-Device
Xeon	I-Device
E5450	O
processors	O
,	O
with	O
5,120	O
AMD	O
graphics	B-Architecture
processing	I-Architecture
units	I-Architecture
(	O
GPUs	B-Architecture
)	O
,	O
which	O
were	O
made	O
up	O
of	O
2,560	O
dual-GPU	O
ATI	O
Radeon	O
HD	O
4870	O
X2	O
graphics	O
cards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2010	O
,	O
Tianhe-1A	O
,	O
an	O
upgraded	O
supercomputer	B-Architecture
,	O
was	O
unveiled	O
at	O
HPC	O
2010	O
China	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
now	O
equipped	O
with	O
14,336	O
Xeon	B-Device
X5670	O
processors	O
and	O
7,168	O
Nvidia	B-Device
Tesla	I-Device
M2050	O
general	B-Architecture
purpose	I-Architecture
GPUs	I-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
2,048	O
FeiTeng	B-Device
1000	I-Device
SPARC-based	O
processors	O
are	O
also	O
installed	O
in	O
the	O
system	O
,	O
but	O
their	O
computing	O
power	O
was	O
not	O
counted	O
into	O
the	O
machine	O
's	O
official	O
LINPACK	B-Application
statistics	O
as	O
of	O
October	O
2010	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
computer	O
cabinet	O
is	O
composed	O
of	O
four	O
frames	O
,	O
with	O
each	O
frame	O
containing	O
eight	O
blades	B-Architecture
,	O
plus	O
a	O
16-port	O
switching	O
board	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
blade	O
is	O
composed	O
of	O
two	O
computer	O
nodes	O
,	O
with	O
each	O
computer	O
node	O
containing	O
two	O
Xeon	B-Device
X5670	O
6-core	O
processors	O
and	O
one	O
Nvidia	O
M2050	O
GPU	B-Architecture
processor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
system	O
has	O
3584	O
total	O
blades	B-Architecture
containing	O
7168	O
GPUs	B-Architecture
,	O
and	O
14,336	O
CPUs	O
,	O
managed	O
by	O
the	O
SLURM	B-Operating_System
job	O
scheduler	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
total	O
disk	O
storage	O
of	O
the	O
systems	O
is	O
2	O
Petabytes	O
implemented	O
as	O
a	O
Lustre	B-Application
clustered	I-Application
file	I-Application
system	I-Application
,	O
and	O
the	O
total	O
memory	O
size	O
of	O
the	O
system	O
is	O
262	O
terabytes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
significant	O
reason	O
for	O
the	O
increased	O
performance	O
of	O
the	O
upgraded	O
Tianhe-1A	O
system	O
is	O
the	O
Chinese-designed	O
NUDT	O
custom	O
designed	O
proprietary	O
high-speed	O
interconnect	O
called	O
Arch	O
that	O
runs	O
at	O
160	O
Gbit/s	O
,	O
twice	O
the	O
bandwidth	O
of	O
InfiniBand	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
system	O
also	O
used	O
the	O
Chinese-made	O
FeiTeng-1000	B-Device
central	B-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
unit	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
FeiTeng-1000	B-Device
processor	O
is	O
used	O
both	O
on	O
service	O
nodes	O
and	O
to	O
enhance	O
the	O
system	O
interconnect	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
supercomputer	B-Architecture
is	O
installed	O
at	O
the	O
National	B-Device
Supercomputing	I-Device
Center	I-Device
,	O
Tianjin	O
,	O
and	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
carry	O
out	O
computations	O
for	O
petroleum	O
exploration	O
and	O
aircraft	O
design	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
supercomputer	B-Architecture
will	O
be	O
available	O
to	O
international	O
clients	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tianhe-IA	B-Device
was	O
ranked	O
as	O
the	O
world	O
's	O
fastest	B-Operating_System
supercomputer	I-Operating_System
in	O
the	O
TOP500	B-Operating_System
list	O
until	O
July	O
2011	O
when	O
the	O
K	B-Device
computer	I-Device
overtook	O
it	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2011	O
,	O
scientists	O
at	O
the	O
Institute	O
of	O
Process	O
Engineering	O
(	O
IPE	O
)	O
at	O
the	O
Chinese	O
Academy	O
of	O
Sciences	O
(	O
CAS	O
)	O
announced	O
a	O
record-breaking	O
scientific	O
simulation	O
on	O
the	O
Tianhe-1A	O
supercomputer	B-Architecture
that	O
furthers	O
their	O
research	O
in	O
solar	O
energy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CAS-IPE	O
scientists	O
ran	O
a	O
complex	O
molecular	O
dynamics	O
simulation	O
on	O
all	O
7,168	O
NVIDIA	B-Device
Tesla	I-Device
GPUs	B-Architecture
to	O
achieve	O
a	O
performance	O
of	O
1.87	O
petaflops	O
(	O
about	O
the	O
same	O
performance	O
as	O
130,000	O
laptops	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Tianhe-1A	O
supercomputer	B-Architecture
was	O
shut	O
down	O
after	O
the	O
National	B-Device
Supercomputing	I-Device
Center	I-Device
of	O
Tianjin	O
was	O
damaged	O
by	O
an	O
explosion	O
nearby	O
.	O
</s>
