<s>
TiDB	B-Application
(/’taɪdiːbi:/	O
,	O
"	O
Ti	O
"	O
stands	O
for	O
Titanium	O
)	O
is	O
an	O
open-source	O
NewSQL	B-General_Concept
database	O
that	O
supports	O
Hybrid	O
Transactional	O
and	O
Analytical	O
Processing	O
(	O
HTAP	O
)	O
workloads	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
MySQL	B-Application
compatible	O
and	O
can	O
provide	O
horizontal	O
scalability	O
,	O
strong	O
consistency	O
,	O
and	O
high	O
availability	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TiDB	B-Application
drew	O
its	O
initial	O
design	O
inspiration	O
from	O
Google	O
's	O
Spanner	O
and	O
F1	O
papers	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TiDB	B-Application
can	O
expand	O
both	O
SQL	O
processing	O
and	O
storage	O
capacity	O
by	O
adding	O
new	O
nodes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
makes	O
infrastructure	O
capacity	O
scaling	O
easier	O
and	O
more	O
flexible	O
compared	O
to	O
traditional	O
relational	B-Application
databases	I-Application
which	O
only	O
scale	O
vertically	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TiDB	B-Application
acts	O
like	O
it	O
is	O
a	O
MySQL	O
5.7	O
server	O
to	O
applications	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
user	O
can	O
continue	O
to	O
use	O
all	O
of	O
the	O
existing	O
MySQL	B-Application
client	O
libraries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Because	O
TiDB	B-Application
’s	O
SQL	O
processing	O
layer	O
is	O
built	O
from	O
scratch	O
,	O
not	O
a	O
MySQL	B-Application
fork	O
,	O
its	O
compatibility	O
is	O
not	O
100%	O
,	O
and	O
there	O
are	O
known	O
behavior	O
differences	O
between	O
MySQL	B-Application
and	O
TiDB	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
TiDB	B-Application
internally	O
shards	O
a	O
table	O
into	O
small	O
range-based	O
chunks	O
that	O
are	O
referred	O
to	O
as	O
"	O
Regions	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Each	O
Region	O
defaults	O
to	O
approximately	O
100	O
MB	O
in	O
size	O
,	O
and	O
TiDB	B-Application
uses	O
a	O
two-phase	B-General_Concept
commit	I-General_Concept
internally	O
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
regions	O
are	O
maintained	O
in	O
a	O
transactionally	O
consistent	O
way	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TiDB	B-Application
is	O
designed	O
to	O
work	O
in	O
the	O
cloud	O
to	O
make	O
deployment	O
,	O
provisioning	O
,	O
operations	O
,	O
and	O
maintenance	O
flexible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
storage	O
layer	O
of	O
TiDB	B-Application
,	O
called	O
TiKV	O
,	O
became	O
a	O
Cloud	B-Application
Native	I-Application
Computing	I-Application
Foundation	I-Application
(	O
CNCF	O
)	O
member	O
project	O
in	O
August	O
2018	O
,	O
as	O
a	O
Sandbox	O
level	O
project	O
,	O
and	O
became	O
an	O
incubation-level	O
hosted	O
project	O
in	O
May	O
2019	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
architecture	O
of	O
the	O
TiDB	B-Application
platform	O
also	O
allows	O
SQL	O
processing	O
and	O
storage	O
to	O
be	O
scaled	O
independently	O
of	O
each	O
other	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TiDB	B-Application
can	O
support	O
both	O
online	B-General_Concept
transaction	I-General_Concept
processing	I-General_Concept
(	O
OLTP	B-General_Concept
)	O
and	O
online	B-Application
analytical	I-Application
processing	I-Application
(	O
OLAP	B-Application
)	O
workloads	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TiDB	B-Application
has	O
two	O
storage	O
engines	O
:	O
TiKV	O
,	O
a	O
rowstore	O
,	O
and	O
TiFlash	O
,	O
a	O
columnstore	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TiDB	B-Application
uses	O
the	O
Raft	B-Operating_System
consensus	I-Operating_System
algorithm	I-Operating_System
to	O
ensure	O
that	O
data	O
is	O
highly	O
available	O
and	O
safely	O
replicated	O
throughout	O
storage	O
in	O
Raft	B-Operating_System
groups	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
event	O
of	O
failure	O
,	O
a	O
Raft	B-Operating_System
group	O
will	O
automatically	O
elect	O
a	O
new	O
leader	O
for	O
the	O
failed	O
member	O
,	O
and	O
self-heal	O
the	O
TiDB	B-Application
cluster	O
without	O
any	O
required	O
manual	O
intervention	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TiDB	B-Application
can	O
be	O
deployed	O
in	O
a	O
Kubernetes-enabled	O
cloud	O
environment	O
by	O
using	O
TiDB	B-Application
Operator	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
An	O
Operator	O
is	O
a	O
method	O
of	O
packaging	O
,	O
deploying	O
,	O
and	O
managing	O
a	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
application	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
designed	O
for	O
running	O
stateful	O
workloads	O
and	O
was	O
first	O
introduced	O
by	O
CoreOS	B-Application
in	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TiDB	B-Application
Operator	O
was	O
originally	O
developed	O
by	O
PingCAP	O
and	O
open-sourced	O
in	O
August	O
,	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TiDB	B-Application
Operator	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
deploy	O
TiDB	B-Application
on	O
a	O
laptop	O
,	O
Google	B-General_Concept
Cloud	I-General_Concept
Platform	I-General_Concept
’s	O
Google	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
Engine	O
,	O
and	O
Amazon	O
Web	O
Services’	O
Elastic	O
Container	O
Service	O
for	O
Kubernetes	B-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
TiDB	B-Application
4.0	O
introduces	O
,	O
a	O
cluster	O
operation	O
and	O
maintenance	O
tool	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
helps	O
users	O
quickly	O
install	O
and	O
configure	O
a	O
TiDB	B-Application
cluster	O
with	O
a	O
few	O
commands	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TiDB	B-Application
can	O
be	O
deployed	O
using	O
Ansible	B-Language
by	O
using	O
a	O
TiDB	B-Application
Ansible	B-Language
playbook	O
(	O
not	O
recommended	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Docker	B-Language
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
deploy	O
TiDB	B-Application
in	O
a	O
containerized	O
environment	O
on	O
multiple	O
nodes	O
and	O
multiple	O
machines	O
,	O
and	O
Docker	B-Language
Compose	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
deploy	O
TiDB	B-Application
with	O
a	O
single	O
command	O
for	O
testing	O
purposes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TiDB	B-Application
has	O
a	O
series	O
of	O
open-source	O
tools	O
built	O
around	O
it	O
to	O
help	O
with	O
data	O
replication	O
and	O
migration	O
for	O
existing	O
MySQL	B-Application
and	O
MariaDB	B-Application
users	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TiDB	B-Application
Data	O
Migration	O
(	O
DM	O
)	O
is	O
suited	O
for	O
replicating	O
data	O
from	O
already	O
sharded	O
MySQL	B-Application
or	O
MariaDB	B-Application
tables	O
to	O
TiDB	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
common	O
use	O
case	O
of	O
DM	O
is	O
to	O
connect	O
MySQL	B-Application
or	O
MariaDB	B-Application
tables	O
to	O
TiDB	B-Application
,	O
treating	O
TiDB	B-Application
almost	O
as	O
a	O
slave	O
,	O
then	O
directly	O
run	O
analytical	O
workloads	O
on	O
this	O
TiDB	B-Application
cluster	O
in	O
near	O
real-time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Backup	O
&	O
Restore	O
(	O
BR	O
)	O
is	O
a	O
distributed	O
backup	O
and	O
restore	O
tool	O
for	O
TiDB	B-Application
cluster	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
offers	O
high	O
backup	O
and	O
restore	O
speeds	O
for	O
large-scale	O
TiDB	B-Application
clusters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dumpling	O
is	O
a	O
data	O
export	O
tool	O
that	O
exports	O
data	O
stored	O
in	O
TiDB	B-Application
or	O
MySQL	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
lets	O
users	O
make	O
logical	O
full	O
backups	O
or	O
full	O
dumps	O
from	O
TiDB	B-Application
or	O
MySQL	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
TiDB	B-Application
Lightning	O
is	O
a	O
tool	O
that	O
supports	O
high	O
speed	O
full-import	O
of	O
a	O
large	O
MySQL	B-Application
dump	O
into	O
a	O
new	O
TiDB	B-Application
cluster	O
,	O
providing	O
a	O
faster	O
import	O
experience	O
than	O
executing	O
each	O
SQL	O
statement	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
tool	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
quickly	O
populate	O
an	O
initially	O
empty	O
TiDB	B-Application
cluster	O
with	O
much	O
data	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
speed	O
up	O
testing	O
or	O
production	O
migration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
import	O
speed	O
improvement	O
is	O
achieved	O
by	O
parsing	O
SQL	O
statements	O
into	O
key-value	O
pairs	O
,	O
then	O
directly	O
generate	O
Sorted	O
String	O
Table	O
(	O
SST	O
)	O
files	O
to	O
RocksDB	B-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
TiDB	B-Application
Binlog	O
is	O
a	O
tool	O
used	O
to	O
collect	O
the	O
logical	O
changes	O
made	O
to	O
a	O
TiDB	B-Application
cluster	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
used	O
to	O
provide	O
incremental	O
backup	O
and	O
replication	O
,	O
either	O
between	O
two	O
TiDB	B-Application
clusters	O
,	O
or	O
from	O
a	O
TiDB	B-Application
cluster	O
to	O
another	O
downstream	O
platform	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
similar	O
in	O
functionality	O
to	O
MySQL	B-Application
primary-secondary	O
replication	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
main	O
difference	O
is	O
that	O
since	O
TiDB	B-Application
is	O
a	O
distributed	O
database	O
,	O
the	O
binlog	O
generated	O
by	O
each	O
TiDB	B-Application
instance	O
needs	O
to	O
be	O
merged	O
and	O
sorted	O
according	O
to	O
the	O
time	O
of	O
the	O
transaction	O
commit	O
before	O
being	O
consumed	O
downstream	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
TiDB	B-Application
comes	O
in	O
three	O
versions	O
:	O
Enterprise	O
,	O
cloud	O
on	O
premise	O
and	O
the	O
open	O
source	O
version	O
licensed	O
under	O
the	O
Apache	O
2.0	O
license	O
.	O
</s>
