<s>
In	O
computer	B-General_Concept
science	I-General_Concept
,	O
the	O
thundering	B-Operating_System
herd	I-Operating_System
problem	I-Operating_System
occurs	O
when	O
a	O
large	O
number	O
of	O
processes	O
or	O
threads	O
waiting	O
for	O
an	O
event	O
are	O
awoken	O
when	O
that	O
event	O
occurs	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
one	O
process	O
is	O
able	O
to	O
handle	O
the	O
event	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Similarly	O
in	O
Microsoft	O
Windows	O
,	O
I/O	B-Library
completion	I-Library
ports	I-Library
can	O
mitigate	O
the	O
thundering	B-Operating_System
herd	I-Operating_System
problem	I-Operating_System
,	O
as	O
they	O
can	O
be	O
configured	O
such	O
that	O
only	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
threads	O
waiting	O
on	O
the	O
completion	B-Library
port	I-Library
is	O
woken	O
up	O
when	O
an	O
event	O
occurs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
exponential	B-Algorithm
backoff	I-Algorithm
)	O
,	O
the	O
clients	O
will	O
retry	O
failed	O
calls	O
by	O
waiting	O
a	O
specific	O
amount	O
of	O
time	O
between	O
consecutive	O
retries	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
order	O
to	O
avoid	O
the	O
thundering	B-Operating_System
herd	I-Operating_System
problem	I-Operating_System
,	O
jitter	O
can	O
be	O
purposefully	O
introduced	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
break	O
the	O
synchronization	O
across	O
the	O
clients	O
,	O
thereby	O
avoiding	O
collisions	O
.	O
</s>
