<s>
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
is	O
the	O
brand	O
name	O
of	O
a	O
hardware	B-Protocol
interface	I-Protocol
for	O
the	O
connection	O
of	O
external	O
peripherals	O
to	O
a	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
initially	O
marketed	O
under	O
the	O
name	O
Light	B-Protocol
Peak	I-Protocol
,	O
and	O
first	O
sold	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
an	O
end-user	O
product	O
on	O
24	O
February	O
2011	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
combines	O
PCI	B-Protocol
Express	O
(	O
PCIe	O
)	O
and	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
(	O
DP	O
)	O
into	O
two	O
serial	B-Protocol
signals	O
,	O
and	O
additionally	O
provides	O
DC	O
power	O
,	O
all	O
in	O
one	O
cable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Up	O
to	O
six	O
peripherals	O
may	O
be	O
supported	O
by	O
one	O
connector	B-Protocol
through	O
various	O
topologies	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
1	O
and	O
2	O
use	O
the	O
same	O
connector	B-Protocol
as	O
Mini	B-Protocol
DisplayPort	I-Protocol
(	O
MDP	O
)	O
,	O
whereas	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
and	O
4	O
reuse	O
the	O
USB-C	O
connector	B-Protocol
from	O
USB	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
controllers	O
multiplex	B-Architecture
one	O
or	O
more	O
individual	O
data	O
lanes	O
from	O
connected	O
PCIe	O
and	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
devices	O
for	O
transmission	O
via	O
two	O
duplex	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
lanes	O
,	O
then	O
de-multiplex	O
them	O
for	O
use	O
by	O
PCIe	O
and	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
devices	O
on	O
the	O
other	O
end	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
single	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
port	I-Protocol
supports	O
up	O
to	O
six	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
devices	O
via	O
hubs	O
or	O
daisy	B-Application
chains	I-Application
;	O
as	O
many	O
of	O
these	O
as	O
the	O
host	O
has	O
DP	O
sources	O
may	O
be	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
monitors	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
single	O
Mini	B-Protocol
DisplayPort	I-Protocol
monitor	O
or	O
other	O
device	O
of	O
any	O
kind	O
may	O
be	O
connected	O
directly	O
or	O
at	O
the	O
very	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
chain	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
is	O
interoperable	O
with	O
DP-1.1a	O
compatible	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
connected	O
to	O
a	O
DP-compatible	O
device	O
,	O
the	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
port	I-Protocol
can	O
provide	O
a	O
native	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
signal	O
with	O
four	O
lanes	O
of	O
output	O
data	O
at	O
no	O
more	O
than	O
5.4Gbit/s	O
per	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
lane	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
connected	O
to	O
a	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
device	O
,	O
the	O
per-lane	O
data	O
rate	O
becomes	O
10Gbit/s	O
and	O
the	O
four	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
lanes	O
are	O
configured	O
as	O
two	O
duplex	O
lanes	O
,	O
each	O
10Gbit/s	O
comprising	O
one	O
lane	O
of	O
input	O
and	O
one	O
lane	O
of	O
output	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
can	O
be	O
implemented	O
on	O
PCIe	O
graphics	B-Device
cards	I-Device
,	O
which	O
have	O
access	O
to	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
data	O
and	O
PCIe	O
connectivity	O
,	O
or	O
on	O
the	O
motherboard	B-Device
of	O
new	O
computers	O
with	O
onboard	O
video	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
MacBook	B-Device
Air	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
interface	O
was	O
originally	O
intended	O
to	O
run	O
exclusively	O
on	O
an	O
optical	B-Algorithm
physical	O
layer	O
using	O
components	O
and	O
flexible	O
optical	B-Architecture
fiber	I-Architecture
cabling	O
developed	O
by	O
Intel	O
partners	O
and	O
at	O
Intel	O
's	O
Silicon	O
Photonics	O
lab	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
initially	O
marketed	O
under	O
the	O
name	O
Light	B-Protocol
Peak	I-Protocol
,	O
and	O
after	O
2011	O
as	O
Silicon	O
Photonics	O
Link	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
copper-based	O
version	O
of	O
the	O
Light	B-Protocol
Peak	I-Protocol
concept	O
was	O
co-developed	O
by	O
Apple	O
and	O
Intel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
registered	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
as	O
a	O
trademark	O
,	O
but	O
later	O
transferred	O
the	O
mark	O
to	O
Intel	O
,	O
which	O
held	O
overriding	O
intellectual-property	O
rights	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
was	O
commercially	O
introduced	O
on	O
Apple	O
's	O
2011	O
MacBook	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
,	O
using	O
the	O
same	O
Apple-developed	O
connector	B-Protocol
as	O
Mini	B-Protocol
DisplayPort	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Certain	O
MacBook	B-Device
Air	I-Device
and	O
Macbook	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
models	O
,	O
and	O
Mac	B-Device
Studio	I-Device
,	O
downgrade	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
4	O
protocol	O
to	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
due	O
to	O
Intel	O
patents	O
and	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
Intel	O
VT-d	O
DMA	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Sumitomo	O
Electric	O
Industries	O
started	O
selling	O
up	O
to	O
optical	B-Algorithm
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
cables	O
in	O
Japan	O
in	O
January	O
2013	O
,	O
and	O
Corning	O
,	O
Inc.	O
,	O
began	O
selling	O
up	O
to	O
optical	B-Algorithm
cables	O
in	O
the	O
US	O
in	O
late	O
September	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	O
introduced	O
Light	B-Protocol
Peak	I-Protocol
at	O
the	O
2009	O
Intel	O
Developer	O
Forum	O
(	O
IDF	O
)	O
,	O
using	O
a	O
prototype	O
Mac	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
logic	B-Device
board	I-Device
to	O
run	O
two	O
1080p	O
video	O
streams	O
plus	O
LAN	B-General_Concept
and	O
storage	O
devices	O
over	O
a	O
single	O
30-meter	O
optical	B-Algorithm
cable	O
with	O
modified	O
USB	B-Protocol
ends	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
system	O
was	O
driven	O
by	O
a	O
prototype	O
PCI	B-Protocol
Express	B-Device
card	I-Device
,	O
with	O
two	O
optical	B-Algorithm
buses	O
powering	O
four	O
ports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Jason	O
Ziller	O
,	O
head	O
of	O
Intel	O
's	O
Optical	B-Algorithm
I/O	O
Program	O
Office	O
showed	O
the	O
internal	O
components	O
of	O
the	O
technology	O
under	O
a	O
microscope	O
and	O
the	O
sending	O
of	O
data	O
through	O
an	O
oscilloscope	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
technology	O
was	O
described	O
as	O
having	O
an	O
initial	O
speed	O
of	O
10Gbit/s	O
over	O
plastic	O
optical	B-Algorithm
cables	O
,	O
and	O
promising	O
a	O
final	O
speed	O
of	O
100Gbit/s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
show	O
,	O
Intel	O
said	O
Light	O
Peak-equipped	O
systems	O
would	O
begin	O
to	O
appear	O
in	O
2010	O
,	O
and	O
posted	O
a	O
YouTube	B-General_Concept
video	I-General_Concept
showing	O
Light	O
Peak-connected	O
HD	O
cameras	O
,	O
laptops	O
,	O
docking	O
stations	O
,	O
and	O
HD	O
monitors	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
4	O
May	O
2010	O
,	O
in	O
Brussels	O
,	O
Intel	O
demonstrated	O
a	O
laptop	O
with	O
a	O
Light	B-Protocol
Peak	I-Protocol
connector	B-Protocol
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	O
technology	O
had	O
shrunk	O
enough	O
to	O
fit	O
inside	O
such	O
a	O
device	O
,	O
and	O
had	O
the	O
laptop	O
send	O
two	O
simultaneous	O
HD	O
video	O
streams	O
down	O
the	O
connection	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
at	O
least	O
some	O
fraction	O
of	O
the	O
software/firmware	O
stacks	O
and	O
protocols	O
were	O
functional	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Though	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
was	O
originally	O
conceived	O
as	O
an	O
optical	B-Algorithm
technology	O
,	O
Intel	O
switched	O
to	O
electrical	B-Protocol
connections	I-Protocol
to	O
reduce	O
costs	O
and	O
to	O
supply	O
up	O
to	O
10	O
watts	O
of	O
power	O
to	O
connected	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2009	O
,	O
Intel	O
officials	O
said	O
the	O
company	O
was	O
"	O
working	O
on	O
bundling	O
the	O
optical	B-Architecture
fiber	I-Architecture
with	O
copper	O
wire	O
so	O
Light	B-Protocol
Peak	I-Protocol
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
power	O
devices	O
plugged	O
into	O
the	O
PC.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2010	O
,	O
Intel	O
said	O
the	O
original	O
intent	O
was	O
"	O
to	O
have	O
one	O
single	O
connector	B-Protocol
technology	O
"	O
that	O
would	O
let	O
"	O
electrical	O
USB	B-Protocol
0	O
...	O
and	O
piggyback	O
on	O
USB	B-Protocol
3.0	O
or	O
4.0	O
DC	O
power.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Light	B-Protocol
Peak	I-Protocol
aimed	O
to	O
make	O
great	O
strides	O
in	O
consumer-ready	O
optical	B-Algorithm
technology	O
,	O
by	O
then	O
having	O
achieved	O
"	O
[	O
connectors	O
rated ]	O
for	O
7,000	O
insertions	O
,	O
which	O
matches	O
or	O
exceeds	O
other	O
PC	O
connections	O
...	O
cables	O
[	O
that	O
were	O
tied ]	O
in	O
multiple	O
knots	O
to	O
make	O
sure	O
it	O
did	O
n't	O
break	O
and	O
the	O
loss	O
is	O
acceptable	O
,	O
"	O
and	O
,	O
"	O
You	O
can	O
almost	O
get	O
two	O
people	O
pulling	O
on	O
it	O
at	O
once	O
and	O
it	O
wo	O
n't	O
break	O
the	O
fibre.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
predicted	O
that	O
"	O
Light	B-Protocol
Peak	I-Protocol
cables	O
will	O
be	O
no	O
more	O
expensive	O
than	O
HDMI.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2011	O
,	O
Intel	O
's	O
David	O
Perlmutter	O
told	O
Computerworld	O
that	O
initial	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
implementations	O
would	O
be	O
based	O
on	O
copper	O
wires	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
final	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
standard	O
specifies	O
10WDC	O
on	O
every	O
port	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	O
and	O
industry	O
partners	O
are	O
still	O
developing	O
optical	B-Algorithm
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
hardware	O
and	O
cables	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
optical	B-Architecture
fiber	I-Architecture
cables	O
would	O
run	O
"	O
tens	O
of	O
meters	O
"	O
but	O
would	O
not	O
supply	O
power	O
,	O
at	O
least	O
not	O
initially	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
conversion	O
of	O
electrical	O
signal	O
to	O
optical	B-Algorithm
is	O
embedded	O
into	O
the	O
cable	O
itself	O
,	O
so	O
the	O
current	O
MDP	O
connector	B-Protocol
is	O
forward	O
compatible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Eventually	O
,	O
Intel	O
hopes	O
for	O
a	O
purely	O
optical	B-Algorithm
transceiver	O
assembly	O
embedded	O
in	O
the	O
PC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
such	O
optical	B-Algorithm
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
cable	O
was	O
introduced	O
by	O
Sumitomo	O
Electric	O
Industries	O
in	O
January	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
those	O
cables	O
are	O
retailed	O
almost	O
exclusively	O
in	O
Japan	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
price	O
is	O
20	O
to	O
30	O
times	O
higher	O
than	O
copper	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
cables	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
German	O
company	O
DeLock	O
also	O
released	O
optical	B-Algorithm
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
cables	O
in	O
lengths	O
of	O
,	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
2013	O
,	O
priced	O
similarly	O
to	O
the	O
Sumitomo	O
ones	O
,	O
and	O
retailed	O
only	O
in	O
Germany	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
September	O
2013	O
,	O
glass	O
company	O
Corning	O
Inc	O
.	O
released	O
the	O
first	O
range	O
of	O
optical	B-Algorithm
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
cables	O
available	O
in	O
the	O
Western	O
marketplace	O
outside	O
Japan	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
optical	B-Algorithm
USB	B-Protocol
3.0	O
cables	O
,	O
both	O
under	O
the	O
brand	O
name	O
"	O
Optical	B-Algorithm
Cables	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Half	O
the	O
diameter	O
of	O
and	O
80%	O
lighter	O
than	O
comparable	O
copper	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
cables	O
,	O
they	O
work	O
with	O
the	O
10Gbit/s	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
protocol	O
and	O
the	O
20Gbit/s	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
2	O
protocol	O
,	O
and	O
thus	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
work	O
with	O
all	O
self-powered	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
devices	O
(	O
unlike	O
copper	O
cables	O
,	O
optical	B-Algorithm
cables	O
cannot	O
provide	O
power	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
lets	O
peripheral	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
devices	O
be	O
farther	O
from	O
their	O
host	O
device(s )	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
2020	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
no	O
optical	B-Algorithm
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
cables	O
on	O
the	O
market	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
optical	B-Algorithm
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
1	O
and	O
2	O
cables	O
could	O
be	O
used	O
at	O
the	O
time	O
with	O
Apple	O
's	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
(	O
USB-C	O
)	O
to	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
2	O
adapters	O
on	O
each	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
cable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2019	O
,	O
Corning	O
showed	O
an	O
optical	B-Algorithm
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
cable	O
at	O
the	O
2019	O
NAB	O
Show	O
in	O
Las	O
Vegas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Just	O
over	O
a	O
year	O
later	O
,	O
in	O
September	O
2020	O
,	O
Corning	O
released	O
their	O
optical	B-Algorithm
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
cables	O
in	O
lengths	O
of	O
,	O
,	O
,	O
,	O
and	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
meantime	O
,	O
Taiwanese	O
company	O
Areca	O
released	O
optical	B-Algorithm
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
cables	O
in	O
April	O
2020	O
in	O
lengths	O
of	O
,	O
,	O
and	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
early	O
2021	O
,	O
copper	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
4	O
cables	O
arrived	O
from	O
many	O
companies	O
at	O
the	O
length	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Copper	O
versions	O
of	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
4	O
cables	O
offer	O
full	O
40	O
Gbit/s	O
speed	O
and	O
support	O
backward	O
compatibility	O
with	O
all	O
versions	O
of	O
USB	B-Protocol
(	O
up	O
to	O
USB4	O
)	O
,	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
Alternate	O
Mode	O
(	O
DP	B-Protocol
1.4	I-Protocol
HBR3	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Copper	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
4	O
cables	O
up	O
to	O
are	O
passive	O
cables	O
,	O
while	O
longer	O
cables	O
must	O
integrate	O
active	O
signal	O
conditioning	O
circuitry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
on	O
,	O
optical	B-Algorithm
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
4	O
cables	O
are	O
targeting	O
lengths	O
between	O
~	O
to	O
for	O
release	O
at	O
sometime	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
CNET	O
's	O
Brooke	O
Crothers	O
said	O
it	O
was	O
rumored	O
that	O
the	O
early-2011	O
,	O
MacBook	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
update	O
would	O
include	O
some	O
sort	O
of	O
new	O
data	O
port	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
speculated	O
it	O
would	O
be	O
Light	B-Protocol
Peak	I-Protocol
(	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
time	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
no	O
details	O
on	O
the	O
physical	O
implementation	O
,	O
and	O
mock-ups	O
appeared	O
showing	O
a	O
system	O
similar	O
to	O
the	O
earlier	O
Intel	O
demos	O
using	O
a	O
combined	O
USB/Light	O
Peak	O
port	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Shortly	O
before	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
new	O
machines	O
,	O
the	O
USB	B-Protocol
Implementers	O
Forum	O
(	O
USB-IF	O
)	O
announced	O
they	O
would	O
not	O
allow	O
such	O
a	O
combination	O
port	O
,	O
and	O
that	O
USB	B-Protocol
was	O
not	O
open	O
to	O
modification	O
in	O
that	O
way	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
stated	O
in	O
February	O
2011	O
that	O
the	O
port	O
was	O
based	O
on	O
Mini	B-Protocol
DisplayPort	I-Protocol
,	O
not	O
USB	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
the	O
system	O
was	O
described	O
,	O
Intel	O
's	O
solution	O
to	O
the	O
display	O
connection	O
problem	O
became	O
clear	O
:	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
controllers	O
multiplex	B-Architecture
data	O
from	O
existing	O
DP	O
systems	O
with	O
data	O
from	O
the	O
PCIe	O
port	O
into	O
a	O
single	O
cable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Older	O
displays	O
that	O
using	O
DP	O
1.1a	O
or	O
earlier	O
must	O
be	O
located	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
a	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
device	O
chain	O
,	O
but	O
native	O
displays	O
can	O
be	O
anywhere	O
along	O
the	O
line	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
devices	O
can	O
go	O
anywhere	O
on	O
the	O
chain	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
that	O
respect	O
,	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
shares	O
a	O
relationship	O
with	O
the	O
older	O
ACCESS.bus	B-Architecture
system	O
,	O
which	O
used	O
the	O
display	O
connector	B-Protocol
to	O
support	O
a	O
low-speed	O
bus	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
states	O
that	O
up	O
to	O
six	O
daisy-chained	O
peripherals	O
are	O
supported	O
per	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
port	I-Protocol
,	O
and	O
that	O
the	O
display	O
should	O
come	O
at	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
the	O
chain	O
,	O
if	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
support	O
daisy	B-Application
chaining	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2011	O
,	O
Apple	O
introduced	O
MacBook	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
(	O
13-inch	O
,	O
Early	O
2011	O
)	O
,	O
Macbook	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
(	O
15-inch	O
,	O
Early	O
2011	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
Macbook	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
(	O
17-inch	B-Operating_System
,	I-Operating_System
Early	I-Operating_System
2011	I-Operating_System
)	O
featuring	O
one	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
port	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2011	O
,	O
Apple	O
introduced	O
iMac	B-Device
(	O
21.5-inch	O
,	O
Mid	O
2011	O
)	O
featuring	O
one	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
port	I-Protocol
,	O
and	O
iMac	B-Device
(	O
27-inch	O
,	O
Mid	O
2011	O
)	O
featuring	O
two	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
ports	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2011	O
,	O
Apple	O
introduced	O
Mac	B-Device
mini	I-Device
(	O
Mid	O
2011	O
)	O
,	O
MacBook	B-Device
Air	I-Device
(	O
11-inch	O
,	O
Mid	O
2011	O
)	O
,	O
MacBook	B-Device
Air	I-Device
(	O
13-inch	O
,	O
Mid	O
2011	O
)	O
and	O
Apple	B-Device
Thunderbolt	I-Device
Display	I-Device
featuring	O
one	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
port	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2011	O
,	O
Apple	O
announced	O
a	O
new	O
line	O
of	O
iMacs	B-Device
that	O
include	O
the	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
interface	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
port	I-Protocol
on	O
the	O
new	O
Macs	B-Device
is	O
in	O
the	O
same	O
location	O
relative	O
to	O
other	O
ports	O
and	O
maintains	O
the	O
same	O
physical	O
dimensions	O
and	O
pinout	O
as	O
the	O
prior	O
MDP	O
connector	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
main	O
visible	O
difference	O
on	O
Thunderbolt-equipped	O
Macs	B-Device
is	O
a	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
symbol	O
next	O
to	O
the	O
port	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
standard	O
is	O
partially	O
compatible	O
with	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
,	O
as	O
the	O
two	O
share	O
Apple	O
's	O
physically	O
compatible	O
MDP	O
connector	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Target	O
Display	O
mode	O
on	O
iMacs	B-Device
requires	O
a	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
cable	O
to	O
accept	O
a	O
video-in	O
signal	O
from	O
another	O
Thunderbolt-capable	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
DP	O
monitor	O
must	O
be	O
the	O
last	O
(	O
or	O
only	O
)	O
device	O
in	O
a	O
chain	O
of	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	O
announced	O
they	O
would	O
release	O
a	O
developer	B-Application
kit	I-Application
in	O
the	O
second	O
quarter	O
of	O
2011	O
,	O
while	O
manufacturers	O
of	O
hardware-development	O
equipment	O
have	O
indicated	O
they	O
will	O
add	O
support	O
for	O
the	O
testing	O
and	O
development	O
of	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
developer	B-Application
kit	I-Application
is	O
being	O
provided	O
only	O
on	O
request	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2011	O
,	O
Sony	O
released	O
its	O
Vaio	B-Device
Z21	I-Device
line	O
of	O
notebook	O
computers	O
that	O
had	O
a	O
"	O
Power	O
Media	O
Dock	O
"	O
that	O
uses	O
optical	B-Algorithm
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
(	O
Light	B-Protocol
Peak	I-Protocol
)	O
to	O
connect	O
to	O
an	O
external	O
graphics	B-Device
card	I-Device
using	O
a	O
combination	O
port	O
that	O
behaves	O
like	O
USB	B-Protocol
electrically	O
,	O
but	O
that	O
also	O
includes	O
the	O
optical	B-Algorithm
interconnect	B-General_Concept
required	O
for	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2013	O
,	O
Intel	O
announced	O
that	O
the	O
next	O
version	O
of	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
controller	O
code-named	O
"	O
Falcon	O
Ridge	O
"	O
(	O
running	O
at	O
20Gbit/s	O
)	O
,	O
is	O
officially	O
named	O
"	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
2	O
"	O
and	O
entered	O
production	O
in	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2013	O
,	O
Apple	O
announced	O
Mac	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
(	O
Late	O
2013	O
)	O
featuring	O
six	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
2	O
ports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2013	O
,	O
Apple	O
announced	O
MacBook	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
(	O
Retina	O
,	O
13-inch	O
,	O
Late	O
2013	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
MacBook	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
(	O
Retina	O
,	O
15-inch	O
,	O
Late	O
2013	O
)	O
featuring	O
two	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
2	O
ports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2014	O
,	O
Apple	O
announced	O
Mac	B-Device
mini	I-Device
(	O
Late	O
2014	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
iMac	B-Device
(	O
Retina	O
5K	O
,	O
27-inch	O
,	O
Late	O
2014	O
)	O
featuring	O
two	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
2	O
ports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2015	O
,	O
Apple	O
announced	O
MacBook	B-Device
Air	I-Device
(	O
11-inch	O
,	O
Early	O
2015	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
MacBook	B-Device
Air	I-Device
(	O
13-inch	O
,	O
Early	O
2015	O
)	O
featuring	O
one	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
2	O
port	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
physical	O
level	O
,	O
the	O
bandwidth	O
of	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
1	O
and	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
2	O
are	O
identical	O
,	O
and	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
1	O
cabling	O
is	O
thus	O
compatible	O
with	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
2	O
interfaces	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
logical	O
level	O
,	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
2	O
enables	O
channel	O
aggregation	O
,	O
whereby	O
the	O
two	O
previously	O
separate	O
10Gbit/s	O
channels	O
can	O
be	O
combined	O
into	O
a	O
single	O
logical	O
20Gbit/s	O
channel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	O
says	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
2	O
will	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
transfer	O
a	O
4K	B-Architecture
video	I-Architecture
while	O
simultaneously	O
displaying	O
it	O
on	O
a	O
discrete	O
monitor	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
2	O
incorporates	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
1.2	O
support	O
,	O
which	O
allows	O
for	O
video	O
streaming	O
to	O
a	O
single	O
4K	B-Architecture
video	I-Architecture
monitor	O
or	O
dual	O
QHD	O
monitors	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
2	O
is	O
backwards	O
compatible	O
,	O
which	O
means	O
that	O
all	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
cables	O
and	O
connectors	O
are	O
compatible	O
with	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
2	O
product	O
for	O
the	O
consumer	O
market	O
was	O
Asus	O
's	O
Z87-Deluxe/Quad	O
motherboard	B-Device
,	O
announced	O
on	O
19	O
August	O
2013	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
first	O
system	O
released	O
with	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
2	O
was	O
Apple	O
's	O
late	O
2013	O
Retina	O
MacBook	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
,	O
on	O
22	O
October	O
2013	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
is	O
a	O
hardware	B-Protocol
interface	I-Protocol
developed	O
by	O
Intel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
shares	O
USB-C	O
connectors	O
with	O
USB	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
can	O
require	O
special	O
"	O
active	O
"	O
cables	O
for	O
maximum	O
performance	O
for	O
cable	O
lengths	O
over	O
0.5	O
meters	O
(	O
1.5	O
feet	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Compared	O
to	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
2	O
,	O
it	O
doubles	O
the	O
bandwidth	O
to	O
40	O
Gbit/s	O
(	O
5	O
GB/s	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
allows	O
up	O
to	O
4	O
lanes	O
of	O
PCI	B-Protocol
Express	O
3.0	O
(	O
32.4	O
Gbit/s	O
)	O
for	O
general-purpose	O
data	O
transfer	O
,	O
and	O
4	O
lanes	O
of	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
1.4	O
HBR3	O
(	O
32.40	O
Gbit/s	O
before	O
8/10	O
encoding	O
removal	O
,	O
and	O
25.92	O
Gbit/s	O
after	O
)	O
for	O
video	O
,	O
but	O
the	O
maximum	O
combined	O
data	O
rate	O
cannot	O
exceed	O
40Gbit/s	O
;	O
video	O
data	O
will	O
be	O
using	O
all	O
needed	O
speed	O
,	O
limiting	O
PCIe	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DP	O
1.2	O
support	O
is	O
mandatory	O
,	O
while	O
DP	B-Protocol
1.4	I-Protocol
is	O
optional	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
overheads	O
are	O
possible	O
on	O
PCIe	O
data	O
(	O
1.5	O
%	O
of	O
128b/130b	O
is	O
also	O
removed	O
)	O
and	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
protocol	O
(	O
you	O
either	O
optimise	O
for	O
speed	O
or	O
for	O
latency	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
last	O
one	O
gives	O
only	O
21.6	O
Gbit/s	O
to	O
25	O
Gbit/s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
uses	O
64b/66b	O
encoding	O
after	O
that	O
,	O
which	O
means	O
the	O
real	O
rate	O
is	O
bigger	O
than	O
40	O
Gbit/s	O
,	O
2	O
times	O
20.625	O
Gbit/s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	O
's	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
controller	O
(	O
codenamed	O
Alpine	O
Ridge	O
,	O
or	O
the	O
new	O
Titan	O
Ridge	O
)	O
halves	O
power	O
consumption	O
,	O
and	O
simultaneously	O
drives	O
two	O
external	O
4K	B-Architecture
displays	I-Architecture
at	O
60Hz	O
(	O
or	O
a	O
single	O
external	O
4K	B-Architecture
display	I-Architecture
at	O
120Hz	O
,	O
or	O
a	O
5K	O
display	O
at	O
60Hz	O
when	O
using	O
Apple	O
's	O
implementation	O
for	O
the	O
late-2016	O
MacBook	B-Device
Pros	I-Device
)	O
instead	O
of	O
just	O
the	O
single	O
display	O
previous	O
controllers	O
can	O
drive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
new	O
controller	O
supports	O
PCIe	O
3.0	O
and	O
other	O
protocols	O
,	O
including	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
1.2	O
(	O
allowing	O
for	O
4K	B-Architecture
resolutions	I-Architecture
at	O
60Hz	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
has	O
up	O
to	O
15	O
watts	O
of	O
power	O
delivery	O
on	O
copper	O
cables	O
and	O
no	O
power	O
delivery	O
capability	O
on	O
optical	B-Algorithm
cables	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Using	O
USB-C	O
on	O
copper	O
cables	O
,	O
it	O
can	O
incorporate	O
USB	B-Protocol
power	O
delivery	O
,	O
allowing	O
the	O
ports	O
to	O
source	O
or	O
sink	O
up	O
to	O
100	O
watts	O
of	O
power	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
allows	O
backwards	O
compatibility	O
with	O
the	O
first	O
two	O
versions	O
by	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
adapters	O
or	O
transitional	O
cables	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Low	O
Power	O
(	O
LP	O
)	O
uses	O
a	O
PCIe	O
3.0	O
×2	O
link	O
to	O
provide	O
one	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
port	O
(	O
JHL6240	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
follows	O
previous	O
practice	O
,	O
where	O
higher-end	O
devices	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
second-generation	O
Mac	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
,	O
iMac	B-Device
,	O
Retina	O
MacBook	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
,	O
and	O
Mac	B-Device
Mini	I-Device
use	O
two-port	O
controllers	O
;	O
while	O
lower-end	O
,	O
lower-power	O
devices	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
MacBook	B-Device
Air	I-Device
use	O
the	O
one-port	O
version	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
was	O
added	O
to	O
Intel	O
's	O
Skylake	B-Architecture
architecture	O
chipsets	O
,	O
shipping	O
during	O
late	O
2015	O
into	O
early	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Devices	O
with	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
ports	O
began	O
shipping	O
at	O
the	O
beginning	O
of	O
December	O
2015	O
,	O
including	O
notebooks	O
running	O
Microsoft	B-Application
Windows	I-Application
(	O
from	O
Acer	O
,	O
Asus	O
,	O
Clevo	O
,	O
HP	O
,	O
Dell	O
,	O
Dell	O
Alienware	O
,	O
Lenovo	O
,	O
MSI	O
,	O
Razer	O
,	O
and	O
Sony	O
)	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
motherboards	B-Device
(	O
from	O
Gigabyte	O
Technology	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
0.5	O
m	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
passive	O
USB-C	O
cable	O
(	O
from	O
Lintes	O
Technology	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2016	O
,	O
Apple	O
announced	O
MacBook	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
(	O
13-inch	O
,	O
2016	O
,	O
2	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
Ports	O
)	O
which	O
,	O
as	O
the	O
name	O
indicates	O
,	O
features	O
two	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
ports	O
,	O
MacBook	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
(	O
13-inch	O
,	O
2016	O
,	O
4	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
Ports	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
MacBook	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
(	O
15-inch	O
,	O
2016	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
features	O
four	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
ports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2017	O
,	O
Apple	O
announced	O
iMac	B-Device
(	O
21.5-inch	O
,	O
2017	O
)	O
,	O
iMac	B-Device
(	O
Retina	O
4K	B-Architecture
,	O
21.5-inch	O
,	O
2017	O
)	O
,	O
iMac	B-Device
(	O
Retina	O
5K	O
,	O
27-inch	O
,	O
2017	O
)	O
which	O
feature	O
two	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
ports	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
the	O
iMac	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
,	O
which	O
featured	O
four	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
ports	O
and	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
December	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2018	O
,	O
Apple	O
announced	O
MacBook	B-Device
Air	I-Device
(	O
Retina	O
,	O
13-inch	O
,	O
2018	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
Mac	B-Device
mini	I-Device
(	O
2018	O
)	O
both	O
featuring	O
two	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
ports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2019	O
,	O
Apple	O
unveils	O
Mac	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
(	O
2019	O
)	O
and	O
Mac	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
(	O
Rack	O
,	O
2019	O
)	O
featuring	O
up	O
to	O
twelve	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
ports	O
,	O
and	O
Pro	B-Device
Display	I-Device
XDR	I-Device
with	O
features	O
one	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
port	O
,	O
both	O
released	O
in	O
December	O
2019	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2021	O
,	O
Apple	O
announced	O
iPad	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
11-inch	O
(	O
3rd	O
generation	O
)	O
and	O
iPad	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
12.9-inch	O
(	O
5th	O
generation	O
)	O
featuring	O
one	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
port	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2022	O
,	O
Apple	O
released	O
Studio	B-Device
Display	I-Device
featuring	O
one	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
port	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
8	O
January	O
2018	O
,	O
Intel	O
announced	O
a	O
product	O
refresh	O
(	O
codenamed	O
Titan	O
Ridge	O
)	O
with	O
"	O
enhanced	O
robustness	O
"	O
and	O
support	O
for	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
1.4	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	O
offers	O
a	O
single	O
port	O
(	O
JHL7340	O
)	O
and	O
double	O
port	O
(	O
JHL7540	O
)	O
version	O
of	O
this	O
host	O
controller	O
and	O
a	O
peripheral	O
controller	O
supporting	O
two	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
ports	O
(	O
JHL7440	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
new	O
peripheral	O
controller	O
can	O
now	O
act	O
as	O
a	O
USB	B-Protocol
sink	O
(	O
compatible	O
with	O
regular	O
USB-C	O
ports	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Apple	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
Display	I-Device
XDR	I-Device
,	O
which	O
macOS	O
allows	O
to	O
connect	O
using	O
two	O
HBR3	O
connections	O
to	O
a	O
Mac	O
,	O
does	O
n't	O
support	O
DSC	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
That	O
would	O
be	O
51.84	O
Gbit/s	O
,	O
impossible	O
for	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
works	O
because	O
the	O
two	O
3008×3384	O
10bpc	O
60Hz	O
648.91MHz	O
signals	O
of	O
the	O
XDR	O
display	O
only	O
require	O
38.9	O
Gbit/s	O
total	O
and	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
does	O
not	O
transmit	O
the	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
stuffing	O
symbols	O
used	O
to	O
fill	O
the	O
HBR3	O
bandwidth	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
USB4	O
specification	O
was	O
released	O
on	O
29	O
August	O
2019	O
by	O
USB	B-Protocol
Implementers	O
Forum	O
,	O
based	O
on	O
the	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
protocol	O
specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
supports	O
40	O
Gbit/s	O
(	O
5	O
GB/s	O
)	O
throughput	O
,	O
is	O
compatible	O
with	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
,	O
and	O
backwards	O
compatible	O
with	O
USB	B-Protocol
3.2	O
and	O
USB	B-Protocol
2.0	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
USB4	O
supports	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
2.0	O
over	O
its	O
alternative	O
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
November	O
2020	O
,	O
Apple	O
announced	O
MacBook	B-Device
Air	I-Device
(	O
M1	O
,	O
2020	O
)	O
,	O
MacBook	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
(	O
13-inch	O
,	O
M1	O
,	O
2020	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
Mac	B-Device
mini	I-Device
(	O
M1	O
,	O
2020	O
)	O
featuring	O
USB4	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
April	O
2021	O
,	O
Apple	O
announced	O
iMac	B-Device
(	O
24-inch	O
,	O
M1	O
,	O
2021	O
)	O
featuring	O
two	O
USB4	O
ports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
USB4	O
makes	O
the	O
PCIe	O
aspects	O
of	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
"	O
open	O
source	O
"	O
–	O
PCIe	O
USB	B-Protocol
devices	I-Protocol
can	O
be	O
released	O
without	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
certification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
notably	O
,	O
those	O
devices	O
will	O
not	O
be	O
allowed	O
to	O
use	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
branding	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
4	O
devices	O
use	O
PCIe	O
Mode	O
with	O
added	O
certification	O
labeling	O
,	O
and	O
promoting	O
backwards	O
compatibility	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
USB4	O
PCIe	O
devices	O
can	O
be	O
backwards	O
compatible	O
with	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
1	O
–	O
3	O
,	O
but	O
are	O
not	O
required	O
to	O
do	O
so	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
4	O
was	O
announced	O
at	O
CES2020	O
and	O
the	O
final	O
specification	O
was	O
released	O
in	O
July	O
2020	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
key	O
differences	O
between	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
4	O
and	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
are	O
a	O
minimum	O
bandwidth	O
requirement	O
of	O
32	O
Gbit/s	O
for	O
PCIe	O
link	O
,	O
support	O
for	O
dual	O
4K	B-Architecture
displays	I-Architecture
(	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
1.4	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
Intel	O
VT-d-based	O
direct	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
access	I-General_Concept
protection	O
to	O
prevent	O
physical	O
DMA	O
attacks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Another	O
major	O
improvement	O
is	O
that	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
4	O
now	O
supports	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
Alternate	O
Mode	O
USB	B-Protocol
hubs	O
(	O
"	O
Multi-port	O
Accessory	O
Architecture	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
not	O
just	O
daisy	B-Application
chaining	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Those	O
hubs	O
are	O
backwards	O
compatible	O
with	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
devices	O
and	O
can	O
be	O
backwards	O
compatible	O
with	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
hosts	O
(	O
Titan	O
Ridge	O
only	O
,	O
with	O
Alpine	O
Ridge	O
the	O
additional	O
downstream	O
ports	O
get	O
downgraded	O
to	O
USB	B-Protocol
3	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
maximum	O
bandwidth	O
remains	O
at	O
40	O
Gbit/s	O
,	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
and	O
four	O
times	O
faster	O
than	O
USB	B-Protocol
3.2	O
Gen2x1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Supporting	O
products	O
began	O
arriving	O
in	O
late	O
2020	O
and	O
included	O
Tiger	B-Device
Lake	I-Device
mobile	O
processors	O
for	O
Project	B-Device
Athena	I-Device
notebooks	O
and	O
8000-series	O
standalone	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
controllers	O
(	O
codenamed	O
Goshen	O
Ridge	O
for	O
devices	O
and	O
Maple	O
Ridge	O
for	O
hosts	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
USB4	O
supports	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
2.0	O
over	O
its	O
alternative	O
mode	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
2.0	O
can	O
support	O
higher	O
than	O
8K	B-Architecture
resolution	I-Architecture
at	O
60Hz	O
losslessly	O
due	O
to	O
new	O
UHBR	O
10	O
,	O
13.5	O
,	O
and	O
20	O
signaling	O
standards	O
(	O
DSC	O
1.2	O
used	O
in	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
1.4	O
for	O
that	O
resolution	O
is	O
not	O
lossless	O
)	O
in	O
8	O
bit	O
and	O
8K	B-Architecture
60Hz	O
with	O
10	O
bit	O
color	O
and	O
use	O
up	O
to	O
80	O
Gbit/s	O
(	O
effective	O
bandwidth	O
77.37	O
Gbit/s	O
)	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
double	O
the	O
amount	O
available	O
to	O
USB	B-Protocol
data	O
,	O
because	O
(	O
just	O
as	O
previously	O
in	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
1.4	O
)	O
it	O
sends	O
almost	O
all	O
the	O
data	O
in	O
one	O
direction	O
(	O
to	O
the	O
monitor	O
)	O
and	O
can	O
thus	O
use	O
all	O
four	O
data	O
lanes	O
at	O
once	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Resolutions	O
up	O
to	O
16K	B-Device
(	O
15360×8640	O
)	O
60Hz	O
display	O
with	O
10	O
bit	O
Y'CbCr	O
4:4:4	O
or	O
RGB	O
are	O
possible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
October	O
2021	O
,	O
Apple	O
announced	O
MacBook	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
(	O
14-inch	O
,	O
2021	O
)	O
and	O
MacBook	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
(	O
16-inch	O
,	O
2021	O
)	O
featuring	O
three	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
4	O
ports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
March	O
2022	O
,	O
Apple	O
announced	O
Mac	B-Device
Studio	I-Device
(	O
2022	O
)	O
featuring	O
up	O
to	O
six	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
4	O
ports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
October	O
19	O
,	O
2022	O
,	O
Intel	O
previewed	O
the	O
next	O
generation	O
of	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
,	O
aligned	O
to	O
the	O
USB	B-Protocol
Implementers	O
Forum	O
's	O
(	O
USB-IF	O
)	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
USB4	O
2.0	O
specification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
delivers	O
up	O
to	O
80	O
Gbit/s	O
of	O
bi-directional	O
bandwidth	O
,	O
allowing	O
for	O
up	O
to	O
two	O
times	O
faster	O
data	O
transfer	B-Device
speeds	I-Device
between	O
future	O
host	O
device	O
and	O
external	O
storage	O
drives	O
that	O
support	O
the	O
standard	O
,	O
compared	O
to	O
current	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
4	O
speeds	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
will	O
also	O
have	O
a	O
mode	O
allowing	O
up	O
to	O
120	O
Gbit/s	O
bandwidth	O
for	O
external	O
displays	O
(	O
three	O
times	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
4	O
speed	O
)	O
,	O
allowing	O
a	O
host	O
device	O
to	O
support	O
up	O
to	O
dual	O
8K	B-Architecture
displays	O
at	O
60Hz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
a	O
release	O
date	O
is	O
not	O
available	O
,	O
Intel	O
advised	O
those	O
interested	O
to	O
"	O
look	O
for	O
more	O
detail	O
on	O
next-generation	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
's	O
official	O
brand	O
name	O
,	O
features	O
,	O
and	O
capabilities	O
in	O
2023.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
On	O
24	O
May	O
2017	O
,	O
Intel	O
announced	O
that	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
would	O
become	O
a	O
royalty-free	O
standard	O
to	O
OEMs	O
and	O
chip	O
manufacturers	O
in	O
2018	O
,	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
an	O
effort	O
to	O
boost	O
the	O
adoption	O
of	O
the	O
protocol	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
specification	O
was	O
later	O
released	O
to	O
the	O
USB-IF	O
on	O
4	O
March	O
2019	O
,	O
making	O
it	O
royalty-free	O
,	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
form	O
USB4	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	O
says	O
it	O
will	O
retain	O
control	O
over	O
certification	O
of	O
all	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel	O
also	O
states	O
it	O
employs	O
"	O
mandatory	O
certification	O
for	O
all	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
products	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Before	O
March	O
2019	O
,	O
there	O
were	O
no	O
AMD	O
chipsets	O
or	O
computers	O
with	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
support	O
released	O
or	O
announced	O
due	O
to	O
the	O
certification	O
requirements	O
(	O
Intel	O
did	O
not	O
certify	O
non-Intel	O
platforms	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
the	O
YouTuber	O
Wendell	O
Wilson	O
from	O
Level1Techs	O
was	O
able	O
to	O
get	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
support	O
on	O
an	O
AMD	O
computer	O
with	O
a	O
Threadripper	O
CPU	O
and	O
Titan	O
Ridge	O
add-in	O
card	O
working	O
by	O
modifying	O
the	O
firmware	O
,	O
indicating	O
that	O
the	O
lack	O
of	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
support	O
on	O
non-Intel	O
systems	O
is	O
not	O
due	O
to	O
any	O
hardware	O
limitations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
May	O
2019	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
have	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
support	O
on	O
AMD	O
using	O
add-in	O
cards	O
without	O
any	O
problems	O
,	O
and	O
motherboards	B-Device
like	O
ASRock	O
X570	O
Creator	O
already	O
have	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
port	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
2020	O
Intel	O
certified	O
ASRock	O
X570	O
Phantom	O
Gaming	O
ITX/TB3	O
and	O
now	O
vendors	O
are	O
freely	O
allowed	O
to	O
produce	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
controller	O
silicon	O
(	O
even	O
though	O
those	O
ASRock	O
motherboards	B-Device
used	O
Intel	O
Titan	O
Ridge	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Asus	O
currently	O
supports	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
on	O
AMD	O
with	O
the	O
add-in	O
card	O
Thunderboltex	O
3-TR	O
,	O
being	O
compatible	O
with	O
AMD	O
motherboards	B-Device
and	O
Ryzen	O
3	O
,	O
5	O
(	O
56xx	O
)	O
:	O
ROG	O
Strix	O
B550-E	O
Gaming	O
,	O
ROG	O
Strix	O
B550-F	O
Gaming	O
,	O
Prime	O
B550-PLUS	O
,	O
TUF	O
Gaming	O
B550-Plus	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ASUS	O
ProArt	O
B550-Creator	O
has	O
2	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
4	O
ports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
first	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
peripheral	O
devices	O
appeared	O
in	O
retail	O
stores	O
only	O
in	O
late	O
2011	O
,	O
following	O
Apple	O
's	O
release	O
of	O
its	O
first	O
Thunderbolt-equipped	O
computer	O
in	O
early	O
2011	O
with	O
MacBook	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
,	O
with	O
the	O
relatively	O
expensive	O
Pegasus	O
R4	O
(	O
4-drive	O
)	O
and	O
Pegasus	O
R6	O
(	O
6-drive	O
)	O
RAID	B-Architecture
enclosures	O
by	O
Promise	O
Technology	O
aimed	O
at	O
the	O
prosumer	O
and	O
professional	O
market	O
,	O
initially	O
offering	O
up	O
to	O
12TB	O
of	O
storage	O
,	O
later	O
increased	O
to	O
18TB	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
companies	O
have	O
offered	O
interface	O
products	O
that	O
can	O
route	O
multiple	O
older	O
,	O
usually	O
slower	O
,	O
connections	O
through	O
a	O
single	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
port	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
2011	O
,	O
Apple	O
released	O
its	O
Apple	B-Device
Thunderbolt	I-Device
Display	I-Device
,	O
whose	O
gigabit	O
Ethernet	O
and	O
other	O
older	O
connector	B-Protocol
types	O
made	O
it	O
the	O
first	O
hub	O
of	O
its	O
type	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
,	O
companies	O
such	O
as	O
Belkin	O
,	O
,	O
Other	O
World	O
Computing	O
,	O
Matrox	B-Application
,	O
StarTech	O
,	O
and	O
Elgato	B-Device
have	O
all	O
released	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
docks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Exceptions	O
included	O
Sonnet	O
Technologies	O
 '	O
highly	O
priced	O
professional	O
units	O
,	O
and	O
Drobo	B-Application
's	O
4	O
-	O
and	O
5-drive	O
enclosures	O
,	O
the	O
latter	O
featuring	O
their	O
own	O
BeyondRAID	O
proprietary	O
data-handling	O
system	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Backwards	O
compatibility	O
with	O
non-Thunderbolt-equipped	O
computers	O
was	O
a	O
problem	O
,	O
as	O
most	O
storage	O
devices	O
featured	O
only	O
two	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
ports	I-Protocol
,	O
for	O
daisy-chaining	O
up	O
to	O
six	O
devices	O
from	O
each	O
one	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
mid-2012	O
,	O
LaCie	O
,	O
Drobo	B-Application
,	O
and	O
other	O
device	O
makers	O
started	O
to	O
swap	O
out	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
two	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
ports	I-Protocol
for	O
a	O
USB	B-Protocol
3.0	O
connection	O
on	O
some	O
of	O
their	O
low-to-mid	O
end	O
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
models	O
had	O
the	O
USB	B-Protocol
3.0	O
added	O
in	O
addition	O
to	O
the	O
two	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
ports	I-Protocol
,	O
including	O
those	O
from	O
LaCie	O
on	O
their	O
2big	O
range	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
released	O
its	O
first	O
Thunderbolt-equipped	O
computer	O
in	O
early	O
2011	O
with	O
MacBook	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
,	O
and	O
have	O
continued	O
to	O
immediately	O
update	O
their	O
devices	O
with	O
newer	O
generations	O
of	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
as	O
soon	O
as	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
List	O
of	O
Apple	O
devices	O
featuring	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
ports	I-Protocol
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
late	O
2013	O
Retina	O
MacBook	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
was	O
the	O
first	O
product	O
to	O
have	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
2	O
ports	O
,	O
following	O
which	O
manufacturers	O
started	O
to	O
update	O
their	O
model	O
offerings	O
to	O
those	O
featuring	O
the	O
newer	O
,	O
faster	O
,	O
20	O
Gbit/s	O
connection	O
throughout	O
2014	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Again	O
,	O
among	O
the	O
first	O
was	O
Promise	O
Technology	O
,	O
who	O
released	O
updated	O
Pegasus	O
2	O
versions	O
of	O
their	O
R4	O
and	O
R6	O
models	O
along	O
with	O
an	O
even	O
larger	O
R8	O
(	O
8-drive	O
)	O
RAID	B-Architecture
unit	O
,	O
offering	O
up	O
to	O
32TBs	O
of	O
storage	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
,	O
other	O
brands	O
similarly	O
introduced	O
high	O
capacity	O
models	O
with	O
the	O
newer	O
connection	O
type	O
,	O
including	O
SanDisk	O
Professional	O
(	O
with	O
their	O
G-RAID	O
Studio	O
models	O
offering	O
up	O
to	O
24TB	O
)	O
and	O
LaCie	O
(	O
with	O
their	O
5big	O
,	O
and	O
rack	B-Application
mounted	I-Application
8big	O
models	O
,	O
offering	O
up	O
to	O
48TB	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
List	O
of	O
Apple	O
devices	O
featuring	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
2	O
ports	O
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
was	O
introduced	O
in	O
late	O
2015	O
,	O
with	O
several	O
motherboard	B-Device
manufacturers	O
and	O
OEM	O
laptop	O
manufacturers	O
including	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
with	O
their	O
products	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gigabyte	O
and	O
MSI	O
,	O
large	O
computer	O
component	O
manufacturers	O
,	O
entered	O
the	O
market	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
with	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
compatible	O
components	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dell	O
was	O
the	O
first	O
to	O
include	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
ports	O
in	O
laptops	O
with	O
their	O
XPS	B-Device
Series	I-Device
and	O
their	O
Dell	O
Alienware	O
range	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
first	O
included	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
on	O
Mac	O
in	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
has	O
initially	O
had	O
poor	O
hardware	O
support	O
outside	O
of	O
Apple	O
devices	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
been	O
relegated	O
to	O
a	O
niche	O
gadget	O
port	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
adoption	O
of	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
that	O
uses	O
the	O
USB-C	O
connector	B-Protocol
standard	O
,	O
meant	O
that	O
a	O
much	O
wider	O
array	O
of	O
hardware	O
was	O
accepting	O
of	O
the	O
market	O
acceptance	O
of	O
the	O
standard	O
,	O
especially	O
when	O
it	O
later	O
became	O
part	O
of	O
USB4	O
standard	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
List	O
of	O
Apple	O
devices	O
featuring	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
ports	O
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Apple	O
started	O
to	O
include	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
4	O
on	O
some	O
of	O
their	O
devices	O
,	O
starting	O
in	O
2021	O
with	O
MacBook	B-Device
Pro	I-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
List	O
of	O
Apple	O
devices	O
featuring	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
4	O
ports	O
include	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
–	O
like	O
many	O
high-speed	O
expansion	O
buses	O
,	O
including	O
PCI	B-Protocol
Express	O
,	O
PC	B-Architecture
Card	I-Architecture
,	O
ExpressCard	B-Device
,	O
FireWire	B-Protocol
,	O
PCI	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
PCI-X	O
—	O
is	O
potentially	O
vulnerable	O
to	O
a	O
direct	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
access	I-General_Concept
(	O
DMA	O
)	O
attack	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
users	O
extend	O
the	O
PCI	B-Protocol
Express	O
bus	O
(	O
the	O
most	O
common	O
high-speed	O
expansion	O
bus	O
in	O
systems	O
)	O
with	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
,	O
it	O
allows	O
very	O
low-level	O
access	O
to	O
the	O
computer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Such	O
attacks	O
have	O
been	O
demonstrated	O
,	O
modifying	O
inexpensive	O
commodity	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
hardware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
IOMMU	B-General_Concept
virtualization	O
,	O
if	O
present	O
,	O
and	O
configured	O
by	O
the	O
BIOS	O
and	O
the	O
operating	O
system	O
,	O
can	O
close	O
a	O
computer	O
's	O
vulnerability	O
to	O
DMA	O
attacks	O
,	O
but	O
only	O
if	O
a	O
malicious	O
device	O
ca	O
n't	O
alter	O
the	O
code	O
that	O
configures	O
the	O
IOMMU	B-General_Concept
before	O
the	O
code	O
is	O
executed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Intel®	O
VT-d-based	O
direct	B-General_Concept
memory	I-General_Concept
access	I-General_Concept
(	O
DMA	O
)	O
protection	O
is	O
a	O
requirement	O
for	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
4	O
Certification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
vulnerability	O
is	O
not	O
present	O
when	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
is	O
used	O
as	O
a	O
system	O
interconnection	O
(	O
supported	O
on	O
OS	B-Operating_System
X	I-Operating_System
Mavericks	I-Operating_System
)	O
,	O
because	O
the	O
IP	B-Protocol
implementation	O
runs	O
on	O
the	O
underlying	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
low-latency	O
packet-switching	O
fabric	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
PCI	B-Protocol
Express	O
protocol	O
is	O
not	O
present	O
on	O
the	O
cable	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
a	O
system	O
with	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
boots	O
,	O
it	O
loads	O
and	O
executes	O
Option	O
ROMs	O
from	O
attached	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
malicious	O
Option	B-Device
ROM	I-Device
can	O
allow	O
malware	O
to	O
execute	O
before	O
an	O
operating	O
system	O
is	O
started	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
ease	O
of	O
connecting	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
devices	O
to	O
portable	O
computers	O
makes	O
them	O
ideal	O
for	O
evil-maid	O
attacks	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Some	O
systems	O
load	O
Option	O
ROMs	O
during	O
firmware	O
updates	O
,	O
allowing	O
the	O
malware	O
in	O
a	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
device	O
's	O
Option	B-Device
ROM	I-Device
to	O
potentially	O
overwrite	O
the	O
SPI	O
flash	O
ROM	O
containing	O
the	O
system	O
's	O
boot	O
firmware	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
February	O
2015	O
,	O
Apple	O
issued	O
a	O
Security	O
Update	O
to	O
Mac	O
OS	O
X	O
to	O
eliminate	O
the	O
vulnerability	O
of	O
loading	O
Option	O
ROMs	O
during	O
firmware	O
updates	O
,	O
although	O
the	O
system	O
is	O
still	O
vulnerable	O
to	O
Option	B-Device
ROM	I-Device
attacks	O
during	O
normal	O
boots	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
May	O
2020	O
,	O
the	O
Thunderspy	O
seven	O
major	O
security	O
flaws	O
were	O
discovered	O
in	O
the	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
protocol	O
,	O
which	O
allow	O
a	O
malicious	O
party	O
to	O
access	O
all	O
data	O
stored	O
in	O
a	O
computer	O
,	O
even	O
if	O
the	O
device	O
is	O
locked	O
,	O
password-protected	O
,	O
and	O
has	O
an	O
encrypted	O
hard	O
drive	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
vulnerabilities	O
affect	O
all	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
1	O
,	O
2	O
and	O
3	O
ports	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2011	O
,	O
the	O
first	O
length	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
cable	O
was	O
released	O
from	O
Apple	O
,	O
costing	O
US$49	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
June	O
2012	O
,	O
Apple	O
began	O
selling	O
a	O
Thunderbolt-to-gigabit	O
Ethernet	O
adaptor	O
cable	O
for	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
third	O
quarter	O
of	O
2012	O
,	O
other	O
manufacturers	O
started	O
providing	O
cables	O
of	O
varying	O
lengths	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
maximum	O
supported	O
length	O
of	O
,	O
while	O
some	O
storage-enclosure	O
builders	O
began	O
including	O
a	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
cable	O
with	O
their	O
devices	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Several	O
other	O
brands	O
have	O
released	O
copper	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
cables	O
,	O
with	O
some	O
going	O
up	O
to	O
the	O
maximum	O
allowable	O
for	O
copper	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
1	O
&	O
2	O
cables	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Initially	O
,	O
most	O
devices	O
did	O
not	O
come	O
with	O
an	O
included	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
cable	O
to	O
keep	O
selling	O
cost	O
lower	O
,	O
hence	O
the	O
mass	O
usage	O
of	O
Apple	O
's	O
cables	O
or	O
third-party	O
cables	O
,	O
especially	O
if	O
a	O
user	O
wanted	O
length	O
,	O
but	O
most	O
devices	O
eventually	O
began	O
including	O
some	O
length	O
of	O
copper	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
cable	O
with	O
the	O
product	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
introduction	O
of	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
,	O
Intel	O
announced	O
that	O
otherwise-standard	O
passive	O
USB-C	O
cables	O
would	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
connect	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
devices	O
at	O
lower	O
speeds	O
than	O
full	O
active	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
cables	O
,	O
but	O
still	O
faster	O
than	O
USB	B-Protocol
3.1	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
allows	O
for	O
cheaper	O
connections	O
to	O
new	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
devices	O
,	O
with	O
inexpensive	O
USB-C	O
cables	O
costing	O
significantly	O
less	O
than	O
active	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
cables	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Released	O
from	O
mid-2016	O
,	O
copper	O
versions	O
of	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
cables	O
were	O
released	O
at	O
lengths	O
up	O
to	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
only	O
the	O
passive	O
cables	O
are	O
able	O
to	O
offer	O
compatibility	O
with	O
up	O
to	O
USB	B-Protocol
3	O
(	O
)	O
ports	O
,	O
while	O
active	O
ones	O
only	O
support	O
up	O
to	O
USB	B-Protocol
2.0	O
(	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Much	O
later	O
on	O
,	O
from	O
April	O
2020	O
,	O
optical	B-Algorithm
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
cables	O
were	O
finally	O
released	O
(	O
see	O
Copper	O
vs.	O
optical	B-Algorithm
section	O
above	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Copper	O
versions	O
of	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
4	O
cables	O
offer	O
full	O
speed	O
and	O
support	O
backward	O
compatibility	O
with	O
all	O
versions	O
of	O
USB	B-Protocol
(	O
up	O
to	O
USB4	O
)	O
,	O
DisplayPort	B-Protocol
Alternate	O
Mode	O
(	O
DP	B-Protocol
1.4	I-Protocol
HBR3	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Copper	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
4	O
cables	O
up	O
to	O
are	O
passive	O
cables	O
,	O
while	O
longer	O
cables	O
must	O
integrate	O
active	O
signal	O
conditioning	O
circuitry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
some	O
unspecified	O
time	O
in	O
the	O
future	O
,	O
optical	B-Algorithm
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
4	O
cables	O
are	O
targeting	O
lengths	O
between	O
~	O
to	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
+	O
Intel	B-Protocol
Thunderbolt	I-Protocol
controllers	O
Ver	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Size(mm )	O
Power(W )	O
Family	O
Releasedate	O
Features	O
1	O
82523EF	O
4	O
15	O
×	O
15	O
3.8	O
Light	O
Ridge	O
Q4	O
2010	O
82523EFL	O
3.2	O
DSL2510	O
2	O
Eagle	O
Ridge	O
Q1	O
2011	O
DSL2310	O
8	O
×	O
9	O
1.85	O
SFF	O
DSL2210	O
1	O
5	O
×	O
6	O
0.7	O
Port	O
Ridge	O
Q4	O
2011	O
Device	O
only	O
DSL3510H	O
4	O
12	O
×	O
12	O
3.4	O
Cactus	O
Ridge	O
Cancelled	O
DSL3510L	O
2.8	O
Q2	O
2012	O
DSL3310	O
2	O
2.1	O
Host	O
only	O
DSL4510	O
4	O
Redwood	O
Ridge	O
2013	O
DSL4410	O
2	O
10	O
×	O
10	O
Host	O
only	O
2	O
DSL5520	O
4	O
Falcon	O
Ridge	O
Q3	O
2013	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
2	O
,	O
20	O
Gbit/s	O
speed+DP	O
1.2	O
DSL5320	O
2	O
3	O
DSL6540	O
10.7	O
×	O
10.7	O
2.2	O
Alpine	O
Ridge	O
Q4	O
2015	O
40	O
Gbit/s	O
speed	O
,	O
PCIe	O
3.0	O
,	O
HDMI	B-Protocol
2.0	O
LSPCon	O
(	O
DP	O
Protocol	O
Converter	O
)	O
,	O
DP	O
1.2	O
,	O
USB	B-Protocol
3.1	O
,	O
100	O
W	O
power	O
delivery	O
(	O
compatible	O
with	O
USB	B-Protocol
Power	O
Delivery	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
DSL6340	O
1	O
1.7	O
Q1	O
2015	O
40	O
Gbit/s	O
speed	O
,	O
DP	O
1.2	O
JHL6240	O
1.2	O
Q2	O
2016	O
40	O
Gbit/s	O
speed	O
,	O
DP	O
1.2	O
,	O
lead-free	O
JHL6340	O
1.7	O
JHL6540	O
2	O
2.2	O
JHL7340	O
1	O
1.9	O
Titan	O
Ridge	O
Q1	O
2018	O
40	O
Gbit/s	O
speed	O
,	O
DP	B-Protocol
1.4	I-Protocol
JHL7540	O
2	O
2.4	O
JHL7440	O
2.4	O
Q1	O
2018	O
40	O
Gbit/s	O
speed	O
,	O
DP	B-Protocol
1.4	I-Protocol
,	O
optional	O
USB-C	O
port	O
compatibility	O
,	O
backwards	O
compatibility	O
when	O
a	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
3	O
docking	O
station	O
is	O
connected	O
to	O
a	O
non-Thunderbolt	O
3	O
computer	O
4	O
JHL8340†	O
1	O
Maple	O
Ridge	O
2H	O
2020	O
40	O
Gbit/s	O
speed	O
,	O
USB4	O
compliant	O
JHL8540†	O
2	O
10.7	O
×	O
10.7	O
Q4	O
2020	O
JHL8440*	O
4	O
10.7	O
×	O
10.7	O
Goshen	O
Ridge	O
Q3	O
2020	O
40	O
Gbit/s	O
speed	O
,	O
USB4	O
compliant	O
(	O
peripheral	O
only	O
)	O
,	O
with	O
4x	O
Thunderbolt	B-Protocol
4	O
ports	O
for	O
branching	O
hub	O
topology	B-Architecture
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tunnelling	O
of	O
DP1.4	O
,	O
USB	B-Protocol
3	O
(	O
10G	O
)	O
,	O
PCIe	O
(	O
32G	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Has	O
PCIe	O
3.0	O
x1	O
and	O
USB	B-Protocol
3	O
(	O
10G	O
)	O
native	O
interfaces	O
.	O
</s>
