<s>
Thrustmaster	B-Device
is	O
an	O
American	O
designer	O
,	O
developer	O
and	O
manufacturer	O
of	O
joysticks	B-Device
,	O
game	B-Device
controllers	I-Device
,	O
and	O
steering	O
wheels	O
for	O
PCs	B-Device
and	O
video	O
gaming	O
consoles	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
has	O
licensing	O
agreements	O
with	O
third	O
party	O
brands	O
as	O
Airbus	O
,	O
Boeing	O
,	O
Ferrari	O
,	O
Gran	O
Turismo	O
and	O
U.S.	O
Air	O
Force	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
licensing	O
some	O
products	O
under	O
Sony	O
's	O
PlayStation	B-Device
and	O
Microsoft	O
's	O
Xbox	B-Protocol
licenses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Norm	O
Winningstad	O
helped	O
found	O
Thrustmaster	B-Device
in	O
1990	O
in	O
Hillsboro	O
,	O
Oregon	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
early	O
1991	O
the	O
company	O
began	O
advertising	O
the	O
Thrustmaster	B-Device
Weapons	O
Control	O
System	O
in	O
computer	O
magazines	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
has	O
utilized	O
the	O
HOTAS	B-Algorithm
system	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
computer	O
flight	O
simulation	O
and	O
has	O
modeled	O
some	O
controllers	O
after	O
flight	O
controls	O
of	O
real	O
aircraft	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
company	O
made	O
its	O
name	O
in	O
making	O
expensive	O
but	O
high-quality	O
HOTAS	B-Algorithm
controllers	O
in	O
the	O
mid-1990s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
July	O
1999	O
,	O
the	O
gaming	O
peripherals	O
operations	O
and	O
brand	O
name	O
was	O
acquired	O
from	O
Thrustmaster	B-Device
for	O
$15	O
million	O
by	O
the	O
Guillemot	O
Corporation	O
Group	O
of	O
France	O
(	O
which	O
also	O
bought	O
Hercules	O
Computer	O
Technology	O
that	O
same	O
year	O
and	O
merged	O
the	O
two	O
companies	O
in	O
a	O
company	O
called	O
Hercules	O
Thrustmaster	B-Device
,	O
with	O
headquarters	O
in	O
Carentoir	O
,	O
France	O
,	O
while	O
keeping	O
the	O
2	O
brands	O
separate	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
new	O
Thrustmaster	B-Device
company	O
gradually	O
extended	O
the	O
product	O
portfolio	O
beyond	O
flight	O
simulation	O
to	O
other	O
simulation	O
peripherals	O
for	O
PC	B-Device
,	O
PlayStation	B-Device
and	O
Xbox	B-Protocol
consoles	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
gamepads	B-Device
as	O
GPX	O
,	O
Score-A	O
,	O
T-Wireless	O
,	O
Dual	O
Analog	O
,	O
eSwap	O
,	O
DualShock	O
controller	O
,	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2019	O
,	O
Thrustmaster	B-Device
turnover	O
is	O
€59	O
million	O
(	O
US$66	O
million	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Formerly	O
one	O
of	O
their	O
most	O
expensive	O
joysticks	B-Device
is	O
the	O
HOTAS	B-Algorithm
Cougar	O
,	O
a	O
close	O
but	O
not	O
exact	O
reproduction	O
of	O
both	O
the	O
throttle	O
and	O
stick	O
that	O
is	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
real	O
F-16	O
block	O
52	O
fighter	O
aircraft	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
product	O
features	O
all-metal	O
construction	O
and	O
numerous	O
programming	O
possibilities	O
but	O
is	O
hampered	O
by	O
low-quality	O
potentiometers	B-Device
,	O
leading	O
to	O
a	O
thriving	O
replacement	O
industry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
These	O
include	O
redesigned	O
gimbals	O
that	O
center	O
more	O
firmly	O
,	O
contactless	O
potentiometers	B-Device
to	O
replace	O
worn	O
originals	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
several	O
force-controlled	B-Algorithm
mods	O
that	O
make	O
the	O
stick	O
sense	O
pressure	O
without	O
moving	O
(	O
similar	O
to	O
an	O
F-16	O
stick	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Besides	O
fixing	O
complaints	O
with	O
the	O
original	O
product	O
,	O
these	O
aftermarket	O
parts	O
have	O
the	O
potential	O
to	O
extend	O
the	O
life	O
of	O
the	O
Cougar	O
well	O
past	O
the	O
time	O
when	O
Thrustmaster	B-Device
stops	O
supporting	O
it	O
,	O
but	O
usually	O
at	O
double	O
,	O
even	O
triple	O
the	O
price	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
purchase	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
HOTAS	B-Algorithm
Cougar	O
was	O
replaced	O
by	O
the	O
HOTAS	B-Algorithm
Warthog	O
in	O
2010	O
,	O
which	O
replicates	O
the	O
flight	O
controls	O
used	O
in	O
the	O
A-10	O
Thunderbolt	O
II	O
,	O
using	O
Hall	O
effect	O
sensors	O
for	O
the	O
joystick	B-Device
and	O
throttle	O
axes	O
instead	O
of	O
potentiometers	B-Device
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1999	O
,	O
Thrustmaster	B-Device
made	O
their	O
first	O
ever	O
replica	O
wheel	O
of	O
the	O
Ferrari	O
360	O
Modena	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
three	O
years	O
,	O
Thrustmaster	B-Device
came	O
out	O
with	O
the	O
Enzo	O
racing	O
wheel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Later	O
in	O
2011	O
with	O
Ferrari	O
make	O
two	O
Thrustmaster	B-Device
Gamepads	B-Device
under	O
the	O
colors	O
of	O
the	O
Ferrari	O
150th	O
Italia	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
were	O
the	O
F1	O
Wireless	O
Gamepad	B-Device
Ferrari	O
150th	O
Italia	O
Alonso	O
Edition	O
and	O
the	O
F1	O
Dual	O
Analog	O
Gamepad	B-Device
Ferrari	O
150th	O
Italia	O
Exclusive	O
Edition	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2018	O
saw	O
the	O
last	O
Ferrari	O
product	O
with	O
Thrustmaster	B-Device
for	O
now	O
with	O
a	O
Bundle	O
of	O
the	O
T.Racing	O
Scuderia	O
Ferrari	O
Edition	O
headset	O
and	O
the	O
599xx	O
Evo	O
wheel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2021	O
,	O
Thrustmaster	B-Device
unveiled	O
a	O
sim	O
racing	O
replica	O
of	O
the	O
Ferrari	O
SF1000	O
wheel	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2020	O
,	O
Thrustmaster	B-Device
launched	O
the	O
Thrustmaster	B-Device
Civil	O
Aviation	O
(	O
TCA	O
)	O
line	O
with	O
the	O
TCA	O
Sidestick	O
Airbus	O
Edition	O
,	O
a	O
1:1	O
replica	O
of	O
the	O
sidestick	O
on	O
an	O
Airbus	O
A320	O
,	O
followed	O
by	O
the	O
miniaturized	O
TCA	O
Quadrant	O
Airbus	O
Edition	O
,	O
which	O
replicates	O
the	O
throttle	O
,	O
and	O
finally	O
the	O
TCA	O
Throttle	O
Quadrant	O
Add-On	O
Airbus	O
Edition	O
,	O
which	O
replicated	O
the	O
flaps	O
,	O
speed	O
brake	O
,	O
landing	O
gear	O
,	O
and	O
parking	O
brake	O
controls	O
,	O
among	O
others	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
2015	O
saw	O
the	O
release	O
of	O
the	O
T150	O
RS	O
racing	O
wheel	O
with	O
1080	O
degree	O
angle	O
of	O
rotation	O
and	O
potentiometer	B-Device
sensors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Linux	B-Operating_System
kernel	I-Operating_System
support	O
for	O
various	O
steering	O
wheel	O
models	O
was	O
added	O
in	O
March	O
2021	O
.	O
</s>
