<s>
The	B-Application
Open	I-Application
Group	I-Application
is	O
a	O
global	O
consortium	O
that	O
seeks	O
to	O
"	O
enable	O
the	O
achievement	O
of	O
business	O
objectives	O
"	O
by	O
developing	O
"	O
open	O
,	O
vendor-neutral	O
technology	O
standards	O
and	O
certifications.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
was	O
established	O
in	O
1996	O
when	O
X/Open	O
merged	O
with	O
the	O
Open	B-Application
Software	I-Application
Foundation	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Application
Open	I-Application
Group	I-Application
is	O
the	O
certifying	O
body	O
for	O
the	O
UNIX	B-Application
trademark	O
,	O
and	O
publishes	O
the	O
Single	O
UNIX	B-Application
Specification	O
technical	O
standard	O
,	O
which	O
extends	O
the	O
POSIX	O
standards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Application
Open	I-Application
Group	I-Application
also	O
develops	O
and	O
manages	O
the	O
TOGAF	O
standard	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
an	O
industry	O
standard	O
enterprise	B-Library
architecture	I-Library
framework	I-Library
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
the	O
early	O
1990s	O
,	O
the	O
major	O
UNIX	B-Application
system	I-Application
vendors	O
had	O
begun	O
to	O
realize	O
that	O
the	O
standards	O
rivalries	O
(	O
often	O
called	O
the	O
"	O
Unix	B-Application
wars	O
"	O
)	O
were	O
causing	O
all	O
participants	O
more	O
harm	O
than	O
good	O
,	O
leaving	O
the	O
UNIX	B-Application
industry	O
open	O
to	O
emerging	O
competition	O
from	O
Microsoft	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
COSE	B-Operating_System
initiative	O
in	O
1993	O
can	O
be	O
considered	O
to	O
be	O
the	O
first	O
unification	O
step	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
merger	O
of	O
the	O
Open	B-Application
Software	I-Application
Foundation	I-Application
(	O
OSF	O
)	O
and	O
X/Open	O
in	O
1996	O
as	O
the	O
ultimate	O
step	O
,	O
in	O
the	O
end	O
of	O
those	O
skirmishes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
OSF	O
had	O
previously	O
merged	O
with	O
UNIX	B-Application
International	O
in	O
1994	O
,	O
meaning	O
that	O
the	O
new	O
entity	O
effectively	O
represented	O
all	O
elements	O
of	O
the	O
Unix	B-Application
community	O
of	O
the	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
January	O
1997	O
,	O
the	O
responsibility	O
for	O
the	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
was	O
transferred	O
to	O
The	B-Application
Open	I-Application
Group	I-Application
from	O
the	O
defunct	O
X	B-Operating_System
Consortium	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
1999	O
,	O
X.Org	O
was	O
formed	O
to	O
manage	O
the	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
,	O
with	O
management	O
services	O
provided	O
by	O
The	B-Application
Open	I-Application
Group	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
X.Org	O
members	O
made	O
a	O
number	O
of	O
releases	O
up	O
to	O
and	O
including	O
X11R6.8	O
while	O
The	B-Application
Open	I-Application
Group	I-Application
provided	O
management	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2004	O
,	O
X.Org	O
and	O
The	B-Application
Open	I-Application
Group	I-Application
worked	O
together	O
to	O
establish	O
the	O
newly	O
formed	O
X.Org	B-Application
Foundation	I-Application
which	O
then	O
took	O
control	O
of	O
the	O
x.org	O
domain	O
name	O
,	O
and	O
the	O
stewardship	O
of	O
the	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
See	O
history	O
of	O
the	O
X	B-Operating_System
Window	I-Operating_System
System	I-Operating_System
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
Key	O
services	O
of	O
The	B-Application
Open	I-Application
Group	I-Application
are	O
certification	O
programs	O
,	O
including	O
certification	O
for	O
products	O
and	O
best	O
practices	O
:	O
POSIX	O
,	O
UNIX	B-Application
,	O
and	O
O-TTPS	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Application
Open	I-Application
Group	I-Application
offers	O
certifications	O
for	O
technology	O
professionals	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
to	O
TOGAF	O
certification	O
which	O
covers	O
tools	O
,	O
services	O
and	O
people	O
certification	O
,	O
The	B-Application
Open	I-Application
Group	I-Application
also	O
administers	O
the	O
following	O
experience-based	O
Professional	O
Certifications	O
:	O
Certified	O
Architect	O
(	O
Open	O
CA	O
)	O
,	O
Certification	O
Program	O
Accreditation	O
,	O
Certified	O
Data	O
Scientist	O
(	O
Open	O
CDS	O
)	O
,	O
Certified	O
Technical	O
Specialist	O
(	O
Open	O
CTS	O
)	O
,	O
and	O
Certified	O
Trusted	O
Technology	O
Practitioner	O
(	O
Open	O
CTTP	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Application
Open	I-Application
Group	I-Application
also	O
offers	O
certification	O
for	O
ArchiMate	B-Architecture
tools	O
and	O
people	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
people	O
certification	O
for	O
Open	O
FAIR	O
and	O
IT4IT	O
,	O
standards	O
of	O
The	B-Application
Open	I-Application
Group	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Application
Open	I-Application
Group	I-Application
provides	O
a	O
platform	O
for	O
its	O
members	O
to	O
discuss	O
their	O
requirements	O
,	O
and	O
work	O
jointly	O
on	O
development	O
and	O
adoption	O
of	O
industry	O
standards	O
,	O
to	O
facilitate	O
enterprise	O
integration	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
Note	O
:	O
Some	O
of	O
The	B-Application
Open	I-Application
Group	I-Application
documents	O
are	O
only	O
available	O
to	O
members	O
,	O
especially	O
when	O
they	O
are	O
under	O
development	O
.	O
)	O
</s>
<s>
Members	O
come	O
together	O
at	O
The	B-Application
Open	I-Application
Group	I-Application
quarterly	O
,	O
regionals	O
,	O
and	O
industry	O
events	O
,	O
and	O
member	O
meetings	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	B-Application
Open	I-Application
Group	I-Application
also	O
provides	O
a	O
range	O
of	O
services	O
,	O
from	O
initial	O
setup	O
and	O
ongoing	O
operational	O
support	O
to	O
collaboration	O
,	O
standards	O
and	O
best	O
practices	O
development	O
,	O
and	O
assistance	O
with	O
market	O
impact	O
activities	O
.	O
</s>
