<s>
Text	B-General_Concept
normalization	I-General_Concept
is	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
transforming	O
text	O
into	O
a	O
single	O
canonical	O
form	O
that	O
it	O
might	O
not	O
have	O
had	O
before	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Text	B-General_Concept
normalization	I-General_Concept
requires	O
being	O
aware	O
of	O
what	O
type	O
of	O
text	O
is	O
to	O
be	O
normalized	O
and	O
how	O
it	O
is	O
to	O
be	O
processed	O
afterwards	O
;	O
there	O
is	O
no	O
all-purpose	O
normalization	O
procedure	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Text	B-General_Concept
normalization	I-General_Concept
is	O
frequently	O
used	O
when	O
converting	O
text	B-Application
to	I-Application
speech	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
"	O
vi	B-Application
"	O
could	O
be	O
pronounced	O
as	O
"	O
vie	O
,	O
"	O
"	O
vee	B-Application
,	O
"	O
or	O
"	O
the	O
sixth	O
"	O
depending	O
on	O
the	O
surrounding	O
words	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
prepare	O
text	O
for	O
searching	O
,	O
it	O
might	O
also	O
be	O
stemmed	B-General_Concept
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
converting	O
"	O
flew	O
"	O
and	O
"	O
flying	O
"	O
both	O
into	O
"	O
fly	O
"	O
)	O
,	O
canonicalized	B-General_Concept
(	O
e.g.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
simple	O
,	O
context-independent	O
normalization	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
removing	O
non-alphanumeric	O
characters	O
or	O
diacritical	O
marks	O
,	O
regular	B-Language
expressions	I-Language
would	O
suffice	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
the	O
sed	B-Application
script	O
sed	B-Application
‑e	O
"	O
s/	O
\s+/	O
/g	O
"	O
inputfile	O
would	O
normalize	O
runs	O
of	O
whitespace	O
characters	O
into	O
a	O
single	O
space	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Among	O
other	O
approaches	O
,	O
text	B-General_Concept
normalization	I-General_Concept
has	O
been	O
modeled	O
as	O
a	O
problem	O
of	O
tokenizing	O
and	O
tagging	O
streams	O
of	O
text	O
and	O
as	O
a	O
special	O
case	O
of	O
machine	O
translation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
field	O
of	O
textual	O
scholarship	O
and	O
the	O
editing	O
of	O
historic	O
texts	O
,	O
the	O
term	O
"	O
normalization	O
"	O
implies	O
a	O
degree	O
of	O
modernization	O
and	O
standardization	O
–	O
for	O
example	O
in	O
the	O
extension	O
of	O
scribal	O
abbreviations	O
and	O
the	O
transliteration	O
of	O
the	O
archaic	O
glyphs	B-Application
typically	O
found	O
in	O
manuscript	O
and	O
early	O
printed	O
sources	O
.	O
</s>
