<s>
Text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
,	O
text	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
(	O
TDM	O
)	O
or	O
text	B-Algorithm
analytics	I-Algorithm
is	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
deriving	O
high-quality	O
information	O
from	O
text	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
(	O
2005	O
)	O
we	O
can	O
distinguish	O
between	O
three	O
different	O
perspectives	O
of	O
text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
:	O
information	B-General_Concept
extraction	I-General_Concept
,	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
,	O
and	O
a	O
knowledge	B-Application
discovery	I-Application
in	I-Application
databases	I-Application
(	O
KDD	O
)	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
usually	O
involves	O
the	O
process	O
of	O
structuring	O
the	O
input	O
text	O
(	O
usually	O
parsing	B-Language
,	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
addition	O
of	O
some	O
derived	O
linguistic	O
features	O
and	O
the	O
removal	O
of	O
others	O
,	O
and	O
subsequent	O
insertion	O
into	O
a	O
database	O
)	O
,	O
deriving	O
patterns	O
within	O
the	O
structured	B-Application
data	I-Application
,	O
and	O
finally	O
evaluation	O
and	O
interpretation	O
of	O
the	O
output	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
'	O
High	O
quality	O
 '	O
in	O
text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
usually	O
refers	O
to	O
some	O
combination	O
of	O
relevance	O
,	O
novelty	O
,	O
and	O
interest	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Typical	O
text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
tasks	O
include	O
text	B-Algorithm
categorization	I-Algorithm
,	O
text	O
clustering	O
,	O
concept/entity	O
extraction	O
,	O
production	O
of	O
granular	O
taxonomies	O
,	O
sentiment	O
analysis	O
,	O
document	B-Application
summarization	I-Application
,	O
and	O
entity	B-Architecture
relation	I-Architecture
modeling	I-Architecture
(	O
i.e.	O
,	O
learning	O
relations	O
between	O
named	B-General_Concept
entities	I-General_Concept
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Text	O
analysis	O
involves	O
information	B-Library
retrieval	I-Library
,	O
lexical	B-Application
analysis	I-Application
to	O
study	O
word	O
frequency	O
distributions	O
,	O
pattern	O
recognition	O
,	O
tagging/annotation	O
,	O
information	B-General_Concept
extraction	I-General_Concept
,	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
techniques	O
including	O
link	O
and	O
association	O
analysis	O
,	O
visualization	B-Application
,	O
and	O
predictive	B-General_Concept
analytics	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
overarching	O
goal	O
is	O
,	O
essentially	O
,	O
to	O
turn	O
text	O
into	O
data	O
for	O
analysis	O
,	O
via	O
the	O
application	O
of	O
natural	B-Language
language	I-Language
processing	I-Language
(	O
NLP	B-Language
)	O
,	O
different	O
types	O
of	O
algorithms	O
and	O
analytical	O
methods	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
typical	O
application	O
is	O
to	O
scan	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
documents	O
written	O
in	O
a	O
natural	O
language	O
and	O
either	O
model	O
the	O
document	O
set	O
for	O
predictive	B-General_Concept
classification	I-General_Concept
purposes	O
or	O
populate	O
a	O
database	O
or	O
search	O
index	O
with	O
the	O
information	O
extracted	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
document	O
is	O
the	O
basic	O
element	O
when	O
starting	O
with	O
text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Text	B-Algorithm
analytics	I-Algorithm
describes	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
linguistic	O
,	O
statistical	O
,	O
and	O
machine	O
learning	O
techniques	O
that	O
model	O
and	O
structure	O
the	O
information	O
content	O
of	O
textual	O
sources	O
for	O
business	B-General_Concept
intelligence	I-General_Concept
,	O
exploratory	B-General_Concept
data	I-General_Concept
analysis	I-General_Concept
,	O
research	O
,	O
or	O
investigation	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
is	O
roughly	O
synonymous	O
with	O
text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
;	O
indeed	O
,	O
Ronen	O
Feldman	O
modified	O
a	O
2000	O
description	O
of	O
"	O
text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
"	O
in	O
2004	O
to	O
describe	O
"	O
text	B-Algorithm
analytics	I-Algorithm
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
latter	O
term	O
is	O
now	O
used	O
more	O
frequently	O
in	O
business	O
settings	O
while	O
"	O
text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
"	O
is	O
used	O
in	O
some	O
of	O
the	O
earliest	O
application	O
areas	O
,	O
dating	O
to	O
the	O
1980s	O
,	O
notably	O
life-sciences	O
research	O
and	O
government	O
intelligence	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
term	O
text	B-Algorithm
analytics	I-Algorithm
also	O
describes	O
that	O
application	O
of	O
text	B-Algorithm
analytics	I-Algorithm
to	O
respond	O
to	O
business	O
problems	O
,	O
whether	O
independently	O
or	O
in	O
conjunction	O
with	O
query	B-Library
and	O
analysis	O
of	O
fielded	O
,	O
numerical	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
a	O
truism	O
that	O
80	O
percent	O
of	O
business-relevant	O
information	O
originates	O
in	O
unstructured	B-Application
form	O
,	O
primarily	O
text	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Dimensionality	B-Algorithm
reduction	I-Algorithm
is	O
important	O
technique	O
for	O
pre-processing	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Information	B-Library
retrieval	I-Library
or	O
identification	O
of	O
a	O
corpus	O
is	O
a	O
preparatory	O
step	O
:	O
collecting	O
or	O
identifying	O
a	O
set	O
of	O
textual	O
materials	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
Web	O
or	O
held	O
in	O
a	O
file	B-Application
system	I-Application
,	O
database	O
,	O
or	O
content	O
corpus	O
manager	O
,	O
for	O
analysis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Although	O
some	O
text	B-Algorithm
analytics	I-Algorithm
systems	O
apply	O
exclusively	O
advanced	O
statistical	O
methods	O
,	O
many	O
others	O
apply	O
more	O
extensive	O
natural	B-Language
language	I-Language
processing	I-Language
,	O
such	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
speech	O
tagging	B-General_Concept
,	O
syntactic	B-Language
parsing	I-Language
,	O
and	O
other	O
types	O
of	O
linguistic	O
analysis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Named	B-General_Concept
entity	I-General_Concept
recognition	I-General_Concept
is	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
gazetteers	O
or	O
statistical	O
techniques	O
to	O
identify	O
named	O
text	O
features	O
:	O
people	O
,	O
organizations	O
,	O
place	O
names	O
,	O
stock	O
ticker	O
symbols	O
,	O
certain	O
abbreviations	O
,	O
and	O
so	O
on	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Recognition	O
of	O
Pattern	O
Identified	O
Entities	O
:	O
Features	O
such	O
as	O
telephone	O
numbers	O
,	O
e-mail	O
addresses	O
,	O
quantities	O
(	O
with	O
units	O
)	O
can	O
be	O
discerned	O
via	O
regular	O
expression	O
or	O
other	O
pattern	B-Language
matches	I-Language
.	O
</s>
<s>
Text	B-Algorithm
analytics	I-Algorithm
techniques	O
help	O
analyze	O
sentiment	O
at	O
the	O
entity	O
,	O
concept	O
,	O
or	O
topic	O
level	O
and	O
distinguish	O
opinion	O
holders	O
and	O
objects	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
technology	O
is	O
now	O
broadly	O
applied	O
to	O
a	O
wide	O
variety	O
of	O
government	O
,	O
research	O
,	O
and	O
business	O
needs	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
All	O
these	O
groups	O
may	O
use	O
text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
for	O
records	O
management	O
and	O
searching	O
documents	O
relevant	O
to	O
their	O
daily	O
activities	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Legal	O
professionals	O
may	O
use	O
text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
for	O
e-discovery	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Governments	O
and	O
military	O
groups	O
use	O
text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
for	O
national	O
security	O
and	O
intelligence	O
purposes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Scientific	O
researchers	O
incorporate	O
text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
approaches	O
into	O
efforts	O
to	O
organize	O
large	O
sets	O
of	O
text	O
data	O
(	O
i.e.	O
,	O
addressing	O
the	O
problem	O
of	O
unstructured	B-Application
data	I-Application
)	O
,	O
to	O
determine	O
ideas	O
communicated	O
through	O
text	O
(	O
e.g.	O
,	O
sentiment	O
analysis	O
in	O
social	O
media	O
)	O
and	O
to	O
support	O
scientific	O
discovery	O
in	O
fields	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
life	O
sciences	O
and	O
bioinformatics	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
software	O
packages	O
are	O
marketed	O
for	O
security	B-Application
applications	I-Application
,	O
especially	O
monitoring	O
and	O
analysis	O
of	O
online	O
plain	O
text	O
sources	O
such	O
as	O
Internet	B-Application
news	I-Application
,	O
blogs	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
range	O
of	O
text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
applications	O
in	O
the	O
biomedical	O
literature	O
has	O
been	O
described	O
,	O
including	O
computational	O
approaches	O
to	O
assist	O
with	O
studies	O
in	O
protein	O
docking	O
,	O
protein	O
interactions	O
,	O
and	O
protein-disease	O
associations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
with	O
large	O
patient	O
textual	O
datasets	O
in	O
the	O
clinical	O
field	O
,	O
datasets	O
of	O
demographic	O
information	O
in	O
population	O
studies	O
and	O
adverse	O
event	O
reports	O
,	O
text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
can	O
facilitate	O
clinical	O
studies	O
and	O
precision	O
medicine	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
algorithms	O
can	O
facilitate	O
the	O
stratification	O
and	O
indexing	B-Data_Structure
of	O
specific	O
clinical	O
events	O
in	O
large	O
patient	O
textual	O
datasets	O
of	O
symptoms	O
,	O
side	O
effects	O
,	O
and	O
comorbidities	O
from	O
electronic	O
health	O
records	O
,	O
event	O
reports	O
,	O
and	O
reports	O
from	O
specific	O
diagnostic	O
tests	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
online	O
text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
application	O
in	O
the	O
biomedical	O
literature	O
is	O
PubGene	O
,	O
a	O
publicly	O
accessible	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
that	O
combines	O
biomedical	O
text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
with	O
network	O
visualization	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
GoPubMed	O
is	O
a	O
knowledge-based	O
search	B-Application
engine	I-Application
for	O
biomedical	O
texts	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
methods	O
and	O
software	O
is	O
also	O
being	O
researched	O
and	O
developed	O
by	O
major	O
firms	O
,	O
including	O
IBM	O
and	O
Microsoft	O
,	O
to	O
further	O
automate	O
the	O
mining	O
and	O
analysis	O
processes	O
,	O
and	O
by	O
different	O
firms	O
working	O
in	O
the	O
area	O
of	O
search	O
and	O
indexing	B-Data_Structure
in	O
general	O
as	O
a	O
way	O
to	O
improve	O
their	O
results	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
study	O
purposes	O
,	O
Weka	B-Language
software	I-Language
is	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
most	O
popular	O
options	O
in	O
the	O
scientific	O
world	O
,	O
acting	O
as	O
an	O
excellent	O
entry	O
point	O
for	O
beginners	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
Python	O
programmers	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
an	O
excellent	O
toolkit	O
called	O
NLTK	B-General_Concept
for	O
more	O
general	O
purposes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
more	O
advanced	O
programmers	O
,	O
there	O
's	O
also	O
the	O
Gensim	B-Application
library	O
,	O
which	O
focuses	O
on	O
word	O
embedding-based	O
text	O
representations	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
is	O
being	O
used	O
by	O
large	O
media	O
companies	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Tribune	O
Company	O
,	O
to	O
clarify	O
information	O
and	O
to	O
provide	O
readers	O
with	O
greater	O
search	O
experiences	O
,	O
which	O
in	O
turn	O
increases	O
site	O
"	O
stickiness	O
"	O
and	O
revenue	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Text	B-Algorithm
analytics	I-Algorithm
is	O
being	O
used	O
in	O
business	O
,	O
particularly	O
,	O
in	O
marketing	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
in	O
customer	O
relationship	O
management	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Coussement	O
and	O
Van	O
den	O
Poel	O
(	O
2008	O
)	O
apply	O
it	O
to	O
improve	O
predictive	B-General_Concept
analytics	I-General_Concept
models	O
for	O
customer	O
churn	O
(	O
customer	O
attrition	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
is	O
also	O
being	O
applied	O
in	O
stock	O
returns	O
prediction	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Resources	O
for	O
affectivity	O
of	O
words	O
and	O
concepts	O
have	O
been	O
made	O
for	O
WordNet	B-General_Concept
and	O
ConceptNet	O
,	O
respectively	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
issue	O
of	O
text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
is	O
of	O
importance	O
to	O
publishers	O
who	O
hold	O
large	O
databases	O
of	O
information	O
needing	O
indexing	B-Data_Structure
for	O
retrieval	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Therefore	O
,	O
initiatives	O
have	O
been	O
taken	O
such	O
as	O
Nature	O
's	O
proposal	O
for	O
an	O
Open	O
Text	B-Algorithm
Mining	I-Algorithm
Interface	O
(	O
OTMI	O
)	O
and	O
the	O
National	O
Institutes	O
of	O
Health	O
's	O
common	O
Journal	O
Publishing	O
Document	B-Language
Type	I-Language
Definition	I-Language
(	O
DTD	O
)	O
that	O
would	O
provide	O
semantic	O
cues	O
to	O
machines	O
to	O
answer	O
specific	O
queries	B-Library
contained	O
within	O
the	O
text	O
without	O
removing	O
publisher	O
barriers	O
to	O
public	O
access	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Academic	O
institutions	O
have	O
also	O
become	O
involved	O
in	O
the	O
text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
initiative	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
National	O
Centre	O
for	O
Text	B-Algorithm
Mining	I-Algorithm
(	O
NaCTeM	O
)	O
,	O
is	O
the	O
first	O
publicly	O
funded	O
text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
centre	O
in	O
the	O
world	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
an	O
initial	O
focus	O
on	O
text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
in	O
the	O
biological	O
and	O
biomedical	O
sciences	O
,	O
research	O
has	O
since	O
expanded	O
into	O
the	O
areas	O
of	O
social	O
sciences	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
,	O
the	O
School	O
of	O
Information	O
at	O
University	O
of	O
California	O
,	O
Berkeley	O
is	O
developing	O
a	O
program	O
called	O
BioText	O
to	O
assist	O
biology	O
researchers	O
in	O
text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
and	O
analysis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Computational	O
methods	O
have	O
been	O
developed	O
to	O
assist	O
with	O
information	B-Library
retrieval	I-Library
from	O
scientific	O
literature	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Key	O
enabling	O
technologies	O
have	O
been	O
parsing	B-Language
,	O
machine	B-Application
translation	I-Application
,	O
topic	O
categorization	O
,	O
and	O
machine	O
learning	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
automatic	O
parsing	B-Language
of	O
textual	O
corpora	O
has	O
enabled	O
the	O
extraction	O
of	O
actors	O
and	O
their	O
relational	O
networks	O
on	O
a	O
vast	O
scale	O
,	O
turning	O
textual	O
data	O
into	O
network	O
data	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
automation	O
of	O
content	O
analysis	O
has	O
allowed	O
a	O
"	O
big	B-Application
data	I-Application
"	O
revolution	O
to	O
take	O
place	O
in	O
that	O
field	O
,	O
with	O
studies	O
in	O
social	O
media	O
and	O
newspaper	O
content	O
that	O
include	O
millions	O
of	O
news	O
items	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Gender	O
bias	O
,	O
readability	O
,	O
content	O
similarity	O
,	O
reader	O
preferences	O
,	O
and	O
even	O
mood	O
have	O
been	O
analyzed	O
based	O
on	O
text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
methods	O
over	O
millions	O
of	O
documents	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
computer	O
programs	O
are	O
available	O
from	O
many	O
commercial	B-Application
and	O
open	B-License
source	I-License
companies	O
and	O
sources	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
See	O
List	B-Algorithm
of	I-Algorithm
text	I-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
software	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
Under	O
European	O
copyright	O
and	O
database	O
laws	O
,	O
the	O
mining	O
of	O
in-copyright	O
works	O
(	O
such	O
as	O
by	O
web	B-Application
mining	I-Application
)	O
without	O
the	O
permission	O
of	O
the	O
copyright	O
owner	O
is	O
illegal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
UK	O
in	O
2014	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
recommendation	O
of	O
the	O
Hargreaves	O
review	O
,	O
the	O
government	O
amended	O
copyright	O
law	O
to	O
allow	O
text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
as	O
a	O
limitation	O
and	O
exception	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
owing	O
to	O
the	O
restriction	O
of	O
the	O
Information	O
Society	O
Directive	O
(	O
2001	O
)	O
,	O
the	O
UK	O
exception	O
only	O
allows	O
content	O
mining	O
for	O
non-commercial	O
purposes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
European	O
Commission	O
facilitated	O
stakeholder	O
discussion	O
on	O
text	B-Algorithm
and	I-Algorithm
data	I-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
in	O
2013	O
,	O
under	O
the	O
title	O
of	O
Licenses	O
for	O
Europe	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
US	O
copyright	O
law	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
particular	O
its	O
fair	O
use	O
provisions	O
,	O
means	O
that	O
text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
in	O
America	O
,	O
as	O
well	O
as	O
other	O
fair	O
use	O
countries	O
such	O
as	O
Israel	O
,	O
Taiwan	O
and	O
South	O
Korea	O
,	O
is	O
viewed	O
as	O
being	O
legal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
is	O
transformative	O
,	O
meaning	O
that	O
it	O
does	O
not	O
supplant	O
the	O
original	O
work	O
,	O
it	O
is	O
viewed	O
as	O
being	O
lawful	O
under	O
fair	O
use	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
example	O
,	O
as	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Google	O
Book	O
settlement	O
the	O
presiding	O
judge	O
on	O
the	O
case	O
ruled	O
that	O
Google	O
's	O
digitization	O
project	O
of	O
in-copyright	O
books	O
was	O
lawful	O
,	O
in	O
part	O
because	O
of	O
the	O
transformative	O
uses	O
that	O
the	O
digitization	O
project	O
displayed	O
—	O
one	O
such	O
use	O
being	O
text	B-Algorithm
and	I-Algorithm
data	I-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
is	O
no	O
exception	O
in	O
Australian	O
copyright	O
law	O
for	O
text	O
or	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
within	O
the	O
Copyright	O
Act	O
1968	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Now	O
,	O
through	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
semantic	O
web	O
,	O
text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
can	O
find	O
content	O
based	O
on	O
meaning	O
and	O
context	O
(	O
rather	O
than	O
just	O
by	O
a	O
specific	O
word	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additionally	O
,	O
text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
software	O
can	O
be	O
used	O
to	O
build	O
large	O
dossiers	O
of	O
information	O
about	O
specific	O
people	O
and	O
events	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
effect	O
,	O
the	O
text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
software	O
may	O
act	O
in	O
a	O
capacity	O
similar	O
to	O
an	O
intelligence	O
analyst	O
or	O
research	O
librarian	O
,	O
albeit	O
with	O
a	O
more	O
limited	O
scope	O
of	O
analysis	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
is	O
also	O
used	O
in	O
some	O
email	O
spam	O
filters	O
as	O
a	O
way	O
of	O
determining	O
the	O
characteristics	O
of	O
messages	O
that	O
are	O
likely	O
to	O
be	O
advertisements	O
or	O
other	O
unwanted	O
material	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Text	B-Algorithm
mining	I-Algorithm
plays	O
an	O
important	O
role	O
in	O
determining	O
financial	O
market	O
sentiment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Increasing	O
interest	O
is	O
being	O
paid	O
to	O
multilingual	O
data	B-Application
mining	I-Application
:	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
gain	O
information	O
across	O
languages	O
and	O
cluster	O
similar	O
items	O
from	O
different	O
linguistic	O
sources	O
according	O
to	O
their	O
meaning	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
challenge	O
of	O
exploiting	O
the	O
large	O
proportion	O
of	O
enterprise	O
information	O
that	O
originates	O
in	O
"	O
unstructured	B-Application
"	O
form	O
has	O
been	O
recognized	O
for	O
decades	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
recognized	O
in	O
the	O
earliest	O
definition	O
of	O
business	B-General_Concept
intelligence	I-General_Concept
(	O
BI	O
)	O
,	O
in	O
an	O
October	O
1958	O
IBM	O
Journal	O
article	O
by	O
H.P.	O
</s>
<s>
Luhn	O
,	O
A	O
Business	B-General_Concept
Intelligence	I-General_Concept
System	I-General_Concept
,	O
which	O
describes	O
a	O
system	O
that	O
will	O
:	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
is	O
not	O
surprising	O
:	O
text	O
in	O
"	O
unstructured	B-Application
"	O
documents	O
is	O
hard	O
to	O
process	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
emergence	O
of	O
text	B-Algorithm
analytics	I-Algorithm
in	O
its	O
current	O
form	O
stems	O
from	O
a	O
refocusing	O
of	O
research	O
in	O
the	O
late	O
1990s	O
from	O
algorithm	O
development	O
to	O
application	O
,	O
as	O
described	O
by	O
Prof	O
.	O
Marti	O
A	O
.	O
Hearst	O
in	O
the	O
paper	O
Untangling	O
Text	O
Data	B-Application
Mining	I-Application
:	O
</s>
<s>
I	O
suggest	O
that	O
to	O
make	O
progress	O
we	O
do	O
not	O
need	O
fully	O
artificial	O
intelligent	B-Algorithm
text	I-Algorithm
analysis	I-Algorithm
;	O
rather	O
,	O
a	O
mixture	O
of	O
computationally-driven	O
and	O
user-guided	O
analysis	O
may	O
open	O
the	O
door	O
to	O
exciting	O
new	O
results	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Hearst	O
's	O
1999	O
statement	O
of	O
need	O
fairly	O
well	O
describes	O
the	O
state	O
of	O
text	B-Algorithm
analytics	I-Algorithm
technology	O
and	O
practice	O
a	O
decade	O
later	O
.	O
</s>
