<s>
A	O
text	B-Device
display	I-Device
is	O
an	O
electronic	O
alphanumeric	O
display	B-Device
device	I-Device
that	O
is	O
mainly	O
or	O
only	O
capable	O
of	O
showing	O
text	O
,	O
or	O
extremely	O
limited	O
graphic	O
characters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
includes	O
electromechanical	O
split-flap	B-Device
displays	I-Device
,	O
vane	B-General_Concept
displays	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
flip-disc	O
displays	O
;	O
all-electronic	O
liquid-crystal	B-Device
displays	I-Device
,	O
incandescent	O
eggcrate	O
displays	O
,	O
LED	O
displays	O
,	O
and	O
vacuum	B-General_Concept
fluorescent	I-General_Concept
displays	I-General_Concept
;	O
and	O
even	O
electric	O
nixie	B-Application
tubes	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
segment	B-Device
display	I-Device
uses	O
lines	O
,	O
while	O
a	O
dot-matrix	B-General_Concept
display	I-General_Concept
uses	O
a	O
grid	B-General_Concept
of	I-General_Concept
dots	I-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
both	O
of	O
these	O
are	O
seen	O
in	O
LCD	B-Device
,	O
LED	O
,	O
VFD	B-General_Concept
,	O
and	O
vane/disc	O
types	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
split-flap	B-Device
displays	I-Device
,	O
the	O
characters	O
or	O
words	O
are	O
pre-printed	O
,	O
and	O
for	O
nixie	B-Application
tubes	I-Application
the	O
shapes	O
are	O
also	O
pre-formed	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Text	B-Device
displays	I-Device
are	O
used	O
in	O
everything	O
from	O
clocks	O
(	O
clock	O
radios	O
,	O
wristwatches	O
)	O
to	O
variable-message	O
signs	O
(	O
departure	B-Device
boards	I-Device
,	O
intelligent	O
transportation	O
systems	O
)	O
,	O
because	O
until	O
the	O
late	O
2000s	O
,	O
they	O
were	O
(	O
and	O
in	O
many	O
cases	O
still	O
are	O
)	O
the	O
least	O
expensive	O
for	O
their	O
purpose	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
LED	O
text	B-Device
displays	I-Device
refer	O
to	O
types	O
that	O
are	O
specialized	O
and	O
limited	O
to	O
display	O
of	O
alpha-numeric	O
characters	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
liquid-crystal	B-Device
display	I-Device
(	O
LCD	B-Device
)	O
is	O
a	O
flat	B-General_Concept
panel	I-General_Concept
display	I-General_Concept
,	O
electronic	B-Device
visual	I-Device
display	I-Device
,	O
video	O
display	O
that	O
uses	O
the	O
light	O
modulating	O
or	O
polarizing	O
properties	O
of	O
liquid	B-Device
crystals	I-Device
(	O
LCs	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
are	O
used	O
in	O
a	O
wide	O
range	O
of	O
applications	O
,	O
including	O
computer	B-Device
monitors	I-Device
,	O
television	O
,	O
instrument	O
panels	O
,	O
aircraft	O
cockpit	O
displays	O
,	O
signage	O
,	O
etc	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
are	O
common	O
in	O
consumer	O
devices	O
such	O
as	O
video	O
players	O
,	O
gaming	O
devices	O
,	O
clocks	O
,	O
watches	O
,	O
calculators	B-Application
,	O
and	O
telephones	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
low	O
electrical	O
power	O
consumption	O
of	O
LCDs	B-Device
enables	O
them	O
to	O
be	O
used	O
in	O
battery-powered	O
electronic	O
equipment	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
is	O
an	O
electronically	O
modulated	O
optical	O
device	O
made	O
up	O
of	O
any	O
number	O
of	O
pixels	B-Algorithm
filled	O
with	O
liquid	B-Device
crystals	I-Device
and	O
arrayed	O
in	O
front	O
of	O
a	O
light	O
source	O
(	O
backlight	O
)	O
or	O
reflector	O
to	O
produce	O
images	O
in	O
color	O
or	O
monochrome	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
earliest	O
discovery	O
leading	O
to	O
the	O
development	O
of	O
LCD	B-Device
technology	O
,	O
the	O
discovery	O
of	O
liquid	B-Device
crystals	I-Device
,	O
dates	O
from	O
1888	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
By	O
2008	O
,	O
worldwide	O
sales	O
of	O
televisions	O
with	O
LCD	B-Device
screens	I-Device
had	O
surpassed	O
the	O
sale	O
of	O
CRT	O
units	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Eggcrate	O
displays	O
have	O
been	O
used	O
on	O
many	O
game	O
shows	O
to	O
display	O
contestants	O
 '	O
scores	O
and/or	O
for	O
countdown	O
clocks	O
because	O
other	O
types	O
of	O
displays	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
LED	O
seven-segment	B-General_Concept
displays	I-General_Concept
,	O
were	O
prone	O
to	O
being	O
washed	O
out	O
by	O
bright	O
studio	O
lights	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Though	O
they	O
continued	O
to	O
see	O
extensive	O
use	O
well	O
into	O
the	O
late	O
1990s	O
,	O
many	O
shows	O
began	O
adopting	O
LCDs	B-Device
in	O
the	O
2000s	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
vane	B-General_Concept
display	I-General_Concept
is	O
an	O
electro-mechanical	O
type	O
of	O
7-segment	B-General_Concept
display	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Unlike	O
LED	O
and	O
VFD	B-General_Concept
segmented	O
displays	O
,	O
vane	B-General_Concept
displays	I-General_Concept
are	O
composed	O
of	O
seven	O
physical	O
surfaces	O
,	O
typically	O
painted	O
white	O
,	O
but	O
occasionally	O
other	O
colors	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
yellow	O
or	O
fluorescent	O
green	O
.	O
</s>
