<s>
Terabit	B-Protocol
Ethernet	I-Protocol
or	O
TbE	B-Protocol
is	O
Ethernet	O
with	O
speeds	O
above	O
100	B-Protocol
Gigabit	I-Protocol
Ethernet	I-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
400	O
Gigabit	O
Ethernet	O
(	O
400G	B-Protocol
,	O
400GbE	B-Protocol
)	O
and	O
200	O
Gigabit	O
Ethernet	O
(	O
200G	B-Protocol
,	O
200GbE	B-Protocol
)	O
standards	O
developed	O
by	O
the	O
IEEE	O
P802.3bs	O
Task	O
Force	O
using	O
broadly	O
similar	O
technology	O
to	O
100Gigabit	O
Ethernet	O
were	O
approved	O
on	O
December	O
6	O
,	O
2017	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2016	O
,	O
several	O
networking	O
equipment	O
suppliers	O
were	O
already	O
offering	O
proprietary	O
solutions	O
for	O
200G	B-Protocol
and	O
400G	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Ethernet	B-Protocol
Alliance	I-Protocol
's	O
2022	O
technology	O
roadmap	O
expects	O
speeds	O
of	O
800Gbit/s	O
and	O
1.6Tbit/s	O
to	O
become	O
an	O
IEEE	O
standard	O
between	O
about	O
2023	O
and	O
2025	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
Optical	O
Internetworking	O
Forum	O
(	O
OIF	O
)	O
has	O
already	O
announced	O
five	O
new	O
projects	O
at	O
112Gbit/s	O
which	O
would	O
also	O
make	O
4th	O
generation	O
(	O
single-lane	O
)	O
100GbE	B-Protocol
links	O
possible	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Facebook	B-Application
and	O
Google	B-Application
,	O
among	O
other	O
companies	O
,	O
have	O
expressed	O
a	O
need	O
for	O
TbE	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Accordingly	O
,	O
at	O
the	O
IEEE	O
Industry	O
Connections	O
Higher	O
Speed	O
Ethernet	O
Consensus	O
group	O
meeting	O
in	O
September	O
2012	O
,	O
400GbE	B-Protocol
was	O
chosen	O
as	O
the	O
next	O
generation	O
goal	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Additional	O
200GbE	B-Protocol
objectives	O
were	O
added	O
in	O
January	O
2016	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
University	O
of	O
California	O
,	O
Santa	O
Barbara	O
(	O
UCSB	O
)	O
attracted	O
help	O
from	O
Agilent	O
Technologies	O
,	O
Google	B-Application
,	O
Intel	O
,	O
Rockwell	O
Collins	O
,	O
and	O
Verizon	O
Communications	O
to	O
help	O
with	O
research	O
into	O
next	O
generation	O
Ethernet	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
,	O
two	O
and	O
four	O
port	O
100GbE	B-Protocol
and	O
one	O
port	O
400GbE	B-Protocol
line	O
cards	O
are	O
presently	O
available	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
early	O
2019	O
,	O
200GbE	B-Protocol
line	O
cards	O
became	O
available	O
after	O
802.3cd	O
standard	O
ratification	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
200G	B-Protocol
Ethernet	O
uses	O
PAM4	B-Device
signaling	O
which	O
allows	O
2	O
bits	O
to	O
be	O
transmitted	O
per	O
clock	O
cycle	O
,	O
but	O
at	O
a	O
higher	O
implementation	O
cost	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
IEEE	B-Protocol
802.3cd	I-Protocol
standard	O
was	O
approved	O
on	O
December	O
5	O
,	O
2018	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
a	O
bit	O
error	O
ratio	O
(	O
BER	O
)	O
of	O
10−13	O
,	O
which	O
is	O
an	O
improvement	O
over	O
the	O
10−12	O
BER	O
that	O
was	O
specified	O
for	O
10GbE	O
,	O
40GbE	B-Protocol
,	O
and	O
100GbE	B-Protocol
.	O
</s>
<s>
Support	O
for	O
OTN	B-Protocol
(	O
transport	O
of	O
Ethernet	O
across	O
optical	B-Protocol
transport	I-Protocol
networks	I-Protocol
)	O
,	O
and	O
optional	O
support	O
for	O
Energy-Efficient	O
Ethernet	O
(	O
EEE	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Define	O
200	O
Gbit/s	O
PHYs	O
for	O
operation	O
over	O
MMF	B-Device
with	O
lengths	O
up	O
to	O
at	O
least	O
100	O
m	O
(	O
200GBASE-SR4	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
