<s>
Tennis	B-Application
for	I-Application
Two	I-Application
(	O
also	O
known	O
as	O
Computer	B-Application
Tennis	I-Application
)	O
is	O
a	O
sports	O
video	O
game	O
that	O
simulates	O
a	O
game	O
of	O
tennis	B-Device
,	O
and	O
was	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
first	O
games	O
developed	O
in	O
the	O
early	B-Application
history	I-Application
of	I-Application
video	I-Application
games	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Its	O
visuals	O
show	O
a	O
representation	O
of	O
a	O
tennis	B-Device
court	O
viewed	O
from	O
the	O
side	O
,	O
and	O
players	O
adjust	O
the	O
angle	O
of	O
their	O
shots	O
with	O
a	O
knob	O
on	O
their	O
controller	O
and	O
try	O
to	O
hit	O
the	O
ball	O
over	O
the	O
net	O
by	O
pressing	O
a	O
button	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Since	O
then	O
,	O
it	O
has	O
been	O
celebrated	O
as	O
one	O
of	O
the	O
earliest	B-Application
video	I-Application
games	I-Application
,	O
and	O
Brookhaven	O
has	O
made	O
recreations	O
of	O
the	O
original	O
device	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Under	O
some	O
definitions	O
Tennis	B-Application
for	I-Application
Two	I-Application
is	O
considered	O
the	B-Application
first	I-Application
video	I-Application
game	I-Application
,	O
as	O
while	O
it	O
did	O
not	O
include	O
any	O
technological	O
innovations	O
over	O
prior	O
games	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
the	O
first	B-Application
computer	I-Application
game	I-Application
to	O
be	O
created	O
purely	O
as	O
an	O
entertainment	O
product	O
rather	O
than	O
for	O
academic	O
research	O
or	O
commercial	O
technology	O
promotion	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
exhibition	O
largely	O
consisted	O
of	O
tours	O
and	O
static	O
displays	O
,	O
with	O
some	O
attempts	O
at	O
making	O
displays	O
with	O
"	O
action	O
"	O
,	O
so	O
for	O
the	O
1958	O
exhibition	O
Higinbotham	O
decided	O
to	O
make	O
an	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
display	O
to	O
entertain	O
the	O
visitors	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
reading	O
the	O
instruction	O
manual	O
for	O
one	O
of	O
Brookhaven	O
's	O
computers	O
,	O
a	O
Donner	O
Model	O
30	O
analog	O
computer	O
,	O
he	O
learned	O
that	O
the	O
computer	O
could	O
calculate	O
ballistic	O
missile	O
trajectories	O
or	O
a	O
bouncing	B-Application
ball	I-Application
with	O
wind	O
resistance	O
,	O
and	O
he	O
decided	O
to	O
use	O
this	O
ability	O
to	O
form	O
the	O
foundation	O
of	O
a	O
game	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Higinbotham	O
designed	O
a	O
game	O
that	O
used	O
an	O
oscilloscope	O
to	O
display	O
the	O
path	O
of	O
a	O
simulated	O
ball	O
on	O
a	O
tennis	B-Device
court	O
viewed	O
from	O
the	O
side	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
While	O
most	O
of	O
the	O
circuitry	O
was	O
based	O
on	O
vacuum	O
tubes	O
and	O
relays	O
,	O
the	O
circuits	O
to	O
display	O
the	O
graphics	O
on	O
the	O
oscilloscope	O
used	O
transistors	B-Application
,	O
then	O
beginning	O
to	O
replace	O
vacuum	O
tubes	O
in	O
the	O
electronics	O
industry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tennis	B-Application
for	I-Application
Two	I-Application
was	O
first	O
shown	O
on	O
October	O
18	O
,	O
1958	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
game	O
was	O
rendered	O
as	O
a	O
horizontal	O
line	O
,	O
representing	O
the	O
tennis	B-Device
court	O
,	O
and	O
a	O
short	O
vertical	O
line	O
in	O
the	O
center	O
,	O
representing	O
the	O
tennis	B-Device
net	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Higinbotham	O
referred	O
to	O
the	O
game	O
as	O
Tennis	B-Application
for	I-Application
Two	I-Application
,	O
though	O
a	O
placard	O
attached	O
to	O
the	O
1959	O
version	O
titled	O
it	O
"	O
Computer	B-Application
Tennis	I-Application
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
After	O
being	O
dismantled	O
,	O
Tennis	B-Application
for	I-Application
Two	I-Application
was	O
largely	O
forgotten	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Having	O
discovered	O
the	O
game	O
,	O
the	O
lawyers	O
for	O
the	O
defense	O
unsuccessfully	O
attempted	O
to	O
have	O
the	O
game	O
declared	O
prior	O
art	O
to	O
invalidate	O
Baer	O
's	O
patents	O
on	O
television	O
video	O
games	O
,	O
resulting	O
in	O
attention	O
being	O
given	O
to	O
the	O
nearly	O
20-year-old	O
game	O
as	O
possibly	O
the	B-Application
first	I-Application
video	I-Application
game	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
It	O
received	O
further	O
attention	O
as	O
the	O
subject	O
of	O
articles	O
in	O
Creative	B-General_Concept
Computing	I-General_Concept
and	O
Video	O
Replay	O
in	O
1982	O
and	O
1983	O
highlighting	O
its	O
possible	O
status	O
as	O
the	B-Application
first	I-Application
video	I-Application
game	I-Application
;	O
the	O
editor	O
of	O
Creative	B-General_Concept
Computing	I-General_Concept
,	O
David	O
H	O
.	O
Ahl	O
,	O
had	O
played	O
Tennis	B-Application
for	I-Application
Two	I-Application
at	O
Brookhaven	O
in	O
1958	O
,	O
and	O
dubbed	O
Higinbotham	O
the	O
"	O
Grandfather	O
of	O
Video	O
Games	O
"	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Higinbotham	O
himself	O
felt	O
that	O
the	O
game	O
was	O
an	O
obvious	O
extension	O
of	O
the	O
Donner	O
Model	O
30	O
's	O
bouncing	B-Application
ball	I-Application
program	O
and	O
therefore	O
not	O
worthy	O
of	O
patenting	O
or	O
a	O
large	O
part	O
of	O
his	O
legacy	O
;	O
he	O
preferred	O
to	O
be	O
remembered	O
for	O
his	O
post-World	O
War	O
II	O
nuclear	O
non-proliferation	O
work	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
2011	O
,	O
Stony	O
Brook	O
University	O
founded	O
the	O
William	O
A	O
.	O
Higinbotham	O
Game	O
Studies	O
Collection	O
,	O
dedicated	O
to	O
"	O
documenting	O
the	O
material	O
culture	O
of	O
screen-based	O
game	O
media	O
"	O
,	O
and	O
"	O
collecting	O
and	O
preserving	O
the	O
texts	O
,	O
ephemera	O
,	O
and	O
artifacts	O
that	O
document	O
the	O
history	O
and	O
work	O
of	O
early	O
game	O
innovator	O
and	O
Brookhaven	O
National	O
Laboratory	O
scientist	O
William	O
A	O
.	O
Higinbotham	O
,	O
who	O
in	O
1958	O
invented	O
the	O
first	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
analog	O
computer	O
game	O
,	O
Tennis	O
for	O
Two.	O
"	O
</s>
<s>
Tennis	B-Application
for	I-Application
Two	I-Application
is	O
considered	O
under	O
some	O
definitions	O
to	O
be	O
the	B-Application
first	I-Application
video	I-Application
game	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Other	O
candidates	O
include	O
the	O
1947	O
cathode-ray	B-Application
tube	I-Application
amusement	I-Application
device	I-Application
,	O
the	O
earliest	O
known	O
interactive	B-General_Concept
electronic	O
game	O
,	O
though	O
it	O
did	O
not	O
run	O
on	O
a	O
computing	O
device	O
;	O
the	O
1950	O
Bertie	B-Application
the	I-Application
Brain	I-Application
,	O
the	O
earliest	O
known	O
game	O
to	O
run	O
on	O
a	O
computer	O
,	O
though	O
it	O
used	O
light	O
bulbs	O
for	O
a	O
display	O
;	O
and	O
OXO	B-Application
and	O
a	O
draughts	O
game	O
by	O
Christopher	O
Strachey	O
in	O
1952	O
,	O
the	O
earliest	O
digital	O
computer	O
games	O
to	O
display	O
visuals	O
on	O
an	O
electronic	O
screen	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Tennis	B-Application
for	I-Application
Two	I-Application
,	O
though	O
it	O
contained	O
no	O
technological	O
developments	O
to	O
separate	O
it	O
from	O
earlier	O
games	O
,	O
has	O
the	O
distinction	O
of	O
being	O
the	O
earliest	O
known	O
computer	O
game	O
with	O
visuals	O
created	O
purely	O
for	O
entertainment	O
purposes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Prior	O
games	O
were	O
created	O
primarily	O
for	O
academic	O
research	O
purposes	O
or	O
to	O
demonstrate	O
the	O
computing	O
power	O
of	O
the	O
underlying	O
machine	O
,	O
with	O
the	O
exception	O
of	O
the	O
non-computer	O
based	O
cathode-ray	B-Application
tube	I-Application
amusement	I-Application
device	I-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
,	O
therefore	O
,	O
makes	O
Tennis	B-Application
for	I-Application
Two	I-Application
the	B-Application
first	I-Application
video	I-Application
game	I-Application
under	O
some	O
definitions	O
from	O
a	O
philosophical	O
viewpoint	O
rather	O
than	O
a	O
technical	O
one	O
and	O
a	O
distinctive	O
moment	O
in	O
the	O
early	B-Application
history	I-Application
of	I-Application
video	I-Application
games	I-Application
.	O
</s>
