<s>
Temporal	B-General_Concept
resolution	I-General_Concept
(	O
TR	O
)	O
refers	O
to	O
the	O
discrete	O
resolution	O
of	O
a	O
measurement	O
with	O
respect	O
to	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Often	O
there	O
is	O
a	O
trade-off	O
between	O
the	O
temporal	B-General_Concept
resolution	I-General_Concept
of	O
a	O
measurement	O
and	O
its	O
spatial	O
resolution	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
Heisenberg	O
's	O
uncertainty	O
principle	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
some	O
contexts	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
particle	O
physics	O
,	O
this	O
trade-off	O
can	O
be	O
attributed	O
to	O
the	O
finite	O
speed	O
of	O
light	O
and	O
the	O
fact	O
that	O
it	O
takes	O
a	O
certain	O
period	O
of	O
time	O
for	O
the	O
photons	B-Application
carrying	O
information	O
to	O
reach	O
the	O
observer	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Thus	O
,	O
the	O
longer	O
the	O
light	O
has	O
to	O
travel	O
,	O
the	O
lower	O
the	O
temporal	B-General_Concept
resolution	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
another	O
context	O
,	O
there	O
is	O
often	O
a	O
tradeoff	O
between	O
temporal	B-General_Concept
resolution	I-General_Concept
and	O
computer	B-General_Concept
storage	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
transducer	B-Algorithm
may	O
be	O
able	O
to	O
record	O
data	O
every	O
millisecond	O
,	O
but	O
available	O
storage	O
may	O
not	O
allow	O
this	O
,	O
and	O
in	O
the	O
case	O
of	O
4D	O
PET	B-Application
imaging	I-Application
the	O
resolution	O
may	O
be	O
limited	O
to	O
several	O
minutes	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
some	O
applications	O
,	O
temporal	B-General_Concept
resolution	I-General_Concept
may	O
instead	O
be	O
equated	O
to	O
the	O
sampling	B-Algorithm
period	I-Algorithm
,	O
or	O
its	O
inverse	O
,	O
the	O
refresh	O
rate	O
,	O
or	O
update	O
frequency	O
in	O
Hertz	O
,	O
of	O
a	O
TV	O
,	O
for	O
example	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
temporal	B-General_Concept
resolution	I-General_Concept
is	O
distinct	O
from	O
temporal	O
uncertainty	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
This	O
would	O
be	O
analogous	O
to	O
conflating	O
image	B-Algorithm
resolution	I-Algorithm
with	O
optical	O
resolution	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
temporal	B-General_Concept
resolution	I-General_Concept
is	O
a	O
resolution	O
somewhat	O
the	O
'	O
time	O
 '	O
dual	O
to	O
the	O
'	O
space	O
 '	O
resolution	O
of	O
an	O
image	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Note	O
that	O
both	O
this	O
form	O
of	O
image	O
space	O
and	O
time	O
resolutions	O
are	O
orthogonal	B-Application
to	O
measurement	O
resolution	O
,	O
even	O
though	O
space	O
and	O
time	O
are	O
also	O
orthogonal	B-Application
to	O
each	O
other	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
digital	O
sampling	B-Algorithm
oscilloscope	O
has	O
also	O
a	O
limitation	O
analogous	O
to	O
image	B-Algorithm
resolution	I-Algorithm
,	O
which	O
is	O
the	O
sample	O
rate	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
A	O
non-digital	O
non-sampling	O
oscilloscope	O
is	O
still	O
limited	O
by	O
temporal	O
uncertainty	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
temporal	O
uncertainty	O
can	O
be	O
related	O
to	O
the	O
maximum	O
frequency	O
of	O
continuous	O
signal	O
the	O
oscilloscope	O
could	O
respond	O
to	O
,	O
called	O
the	O
bandwidth	B-Algorithm
and	O
given	O
in	O
Hertz	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
But	O
for	O
oscilloscopes	O
,	O
this	O
figure	O
is	O
not	O
the	O
temporal	B-General_Concept
resolution	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
To	O
reduce	O
confusion	O
,	O
oscilloscope	O
manufacturers	O
use	O
'	O
Sa/s	O
'	O
instead	O
of	O
'	O
Hz	O
 '	O
to	O
specify	O
the	O
temporal	B-General_Concept
resolution	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
Two	O
cases	O
for	O
oscilloscopes	O
exist	O
:	O
either	O
the	O
probe	O
settling	B-Algorithm
time	I-Algorithm
is	O
much	O
shorter	O
than	O
the	O
real	O
time	O
sampling	B-Algorithm
rate	O
,	O
or	O
it	O
is	O
much	O
larger	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
case	O
where	O
the	O
settling	B-Algorithm
time	I-Algorithm
is	O
the	O
same	O
as	O
the	O
sampling	B-Algorithm
time	I-Algorithm
is	O
usually	O
undesirable	O
in	O
an	O
oscilloscope	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
case	O
where	O
it	O
is	O
much	O
longer	O
,	O
the	O
most	O
typical	O
case	O
,	O
it	O
dominates	O
the	O
temporal	B-General_Concept
resolution	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
shape	O
of	O
the	O
response	O
during	O
the	O
settling	B-Algorithm
time	I-Algorithm
also	O
has	O
as	O
strong	O
effect	O
on	O
the	O
temporal	B-General_Concept
resolution	I-General_Concept
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
this	O
reason	O
probe	O
leads	O
usually	O
offer	O
an	O
arrangement	O
to	O
'	O
compensate	O
 '	O
the	O
leads	O
to	O
alter	O
the	O
trade	O
off	O
between	O
minimal	O
settling	B-Algorithm
time	I-Algorithm
,	O
and	O
minimal	O
overshoot	B-Algorithm
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
it	O
is	O
much	O
shorter	O
,	O
the	O
oscilloscope	O
may	O
be	O
prone	O
to	O
aliasing	O
from	O
radio	O
frequency	O
interference	O
,	O
but	O
this	O
can	O
be	O
removed	O
by	O
repeatedly	O
sampling	B-Algorithm
a	O
repetitive	O
signal	O
and	O
averaging	O
the	O
results	O
together	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
If	O
the	O
relationship	O
between	O
the	O
'	O
trigger	O
 '	O
time	O
and	O
the	O
sample	O
clock	O
can	O
be	O
controlled	O
with	O
greater	O
accuracy	O
than	O
the	O
sampling	B-Algorithm
time	I-Algorithm
,	O
then	O
it	O
is	O
possible	O
to	O
make	O
a	O
measurement	O
of	O
a	O
repetitive	O
waveform	O
with	O
much	O
higher	O
temporal	B-General_Concept
resolution	I-General_Concept
than	O
the	O
sample	O
period	O
by	O
upsampling	B-Algorithm
each	O
record	O
before	O
averaging	O
.	O
</s>
