<s>
Telepsychiatry	B-Application
or	O
telemental	O
health	O
refers	O
to	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
telecommunications	O
technology	O
(	O
mostly	O
videoconferencing	B-Application
and	O
phone	O
calls	O
)	O
to	O
deliver	O
psychiatric	O
care	O
remotely	O
for	O
people	O
with	O
mental	O
health	O
conditions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Telepsychiatry	B-Application
can	O
be	O
effective	O
in	O
treating	O
people	O
with	O
mental	O
health	O
conditions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Telepsychiatry	B-Application
or	O
telemental	O
health	O
means	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
telecommunications	O
(	O
videoconferencing	B-Application
,	O
voice	O
call	O
,	O
text	O
messages	O
)	O
to	O
provide	O
mental	O
health	O
services	O
from	O
a	O
distance	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Telepsychiatry	B-Application
is	O
most	O
successful	O
when	O
it	O
is	O
provided	O
in	O
a	O
personalised	O
and	O
flexible	O
way	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Conversely	O
,	O
telemental	O
health	O
may	O
exacerbate	O
some	O
mental	O
health	O
symptoms	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
paranoia	B-Application
and	O
anxiety	O
,	O
and	O
therefore	O
may	O
not	O
be	O
suitable	O
for	O
everyone	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
user-friendliness	B-General_Concept
of	O
the	O
digital	O
platform	O
is	O
also	O
an	O
important	O
factor	O
in	O
how	O
inclusive	O
a	O
telemental	O
health	O
service	O
is	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
When	O
video	B-Application
calls	I-Application
are	O
not	O
acceptable	O
or	O
feasible	O
phone	O
calls	O
or	O
text	O
messaging	O
may	O
be	O
options	O
but	O
tend	O
to	O
result	O
in	O
more	O
limited	O
conversations	O
and	O
briefer	O
interactions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
use	O
of	O
video	B-Application
calls	I-Application
often	O
results	O
in	O
a	O
change	O
in	O
visual	O
and	O
auditory	O
cues	O
,	O
which	O
can	O
be	O
disruptive	O
for	O
service	O
users	O
(	O
especially	O
those	O
engaging	O
with	O
mental	O
health	O
care	O
for	O
the	O
first	O
time	O
)	O
and	O
staff	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Providing	O
mental	O
health	O
care	O
via	O
video	B-Application
calls	I-Application
is	O
largely	O
seen	O
as	O
beneficial	O
among	O
mental	O
health	O
staff	O
,	O
due	O
to	O
its	O
ability	O
to	O
improve	O
access	O
to	O
care	O
and	O
increase	O
efficiency	O
of	O
services	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
addition	O
,	O
some	O
mental	O
health	O
staff	O
express	O
concerns	O
regarding	O
safety	O
,	O
security	O
,	O
liability	O
,	O
and	O
confidentiality	O
when	O
using	O
video	B-Application
calls	I-Application
to	O
provide	O
mental	O
health	O
care	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Telepsychiatry	B-Application
includes	O
a	O
variety	O
of	O
sub-specialties	O
based	O
on	O
different	O
contexts	O
of	O
service	O
delivery	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Psychiatric	O
support	O
of	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
at	O
home	O
or	O
in	O
another	O
private	O
setting	O
is	O
called	O
home-based	O
telepsychiatry	B-Application
or	O
direct-to-consumer	O
telepsychiatry	B-Application
,	O
and	O
it	O
can	O
be	O
delivered	O
with	O
only	O
a	O
webcam	B-Protocol
and	O
high-speed	O
internet	O
service	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
The	O
growth	O
in	O
home-based	O
telepsychiatry	B-Application
is	O
attributed	O
to	O
a	O
shortage	O
of	O
psychiatrists	O
and	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
reach	O
people	O
in	O
rural	O
areas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
They	O
must	O
receive	O
informed	O
consent	O
and	O
guarantee	O
that	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
telepsychiatry	B-Application
is	O
safe	O
for	O
the	O
patient	O
,	O
use	O
secure	O
videoconferencing	B-Application
platforms	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
protect	O
the	O
patient	O
's	O
privacy	O
and	O
provide	O
the	O
same	O
standard	O
of	O
care	O
as	O
in	O
a	O
traditional	O
office	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Telepsychiatry	B-Application
produces	O
similar	O
treatment	O
outcomes	O
and	O
has	O
similar	O
reliability	O
of	O
diagnosis	O
compared	O
to	O
face-to-face	O
therapy	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Patient	O
satisfaction	O
with	O
telepsychiatry	B-Application
is	O
generally	O
high	O
,	O
although	O
providers	O
report	O
lower	O
levels	O
of	O
satisfaction	O
than	O
patients	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Despite	O
a	O
higher	O
up-front	O
cost	O
,	O
telepsychiatry	B-Application
is	O
more	O
cost-effective	O
in	O
the	O
long	O
run	O
due	O
to	O
savings	O
in	O
travel	O
expenses	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
patients	O
may	O
lack	O
access	O
to	O
privacy	O
in	O
their	O
homes	O
to	O
attend	O
telepsychiatry	B-Application
appointments	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Forensic	O
telepsychiatry	B-Application
is	O
the	O
use	O
of	O
a	O
remote	O
psychiatrist	O
or	O
nurse	O
practitioner	O
for	O
psychiatry	O
in	O
a	O
prison	O
or	O
correctional	O
facility	O
,	O
including	O
psychiatric	O
assessment	O
,	O
medication	O
consultation	O
,	O
suicide	O
watch	O
,	O
pre-parole	O
evaluations	O
and	O
more	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Telepsychiatry	B-Application
can	O
deliver	O
significant	O
cost	O
savings	O
to	O
correctional	O
facilities	O
by	O
eliminating	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
prisoners	O
to	O
be	O
escorted	O
to	O
off-site	O
appointments	O
and	O
psychiatric	O
interventions	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
As	O
of	O
2008	O
,	O
guidelines	O
are	O
being	O
developed	O
for	O
the	O
provision	O
of	O
telepsychiatric	O
consultation	O
for	O
emergency	O
psychiatric	O
patients	O
,	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
evaluation	O
of	O
people	O
who	O
are	O
distressed	O
and	O
feeling	O
suicidal	O
,	O
depressed	O
,	O
manic	O
,	O
or	O
experience	O
psychosis	B-Application
,	O
acute	O
anxiety	O
patients	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
However	O
,	O
emergency	O
telepsychiatry	B-Application
services	O
are	O
already	O
being	O
provided	O
to	O
hospital	O
emergency	O
departments	O
,	O
jails	O
,	O
community	O
mental	O
health	O
centers	O
,	O
substance	O
abuse	O
treatment	O
facilities	O
,	O
and	O
schools	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Emergency	O
telepsychiatry	B-Application
can	O
ease	O
staff	O
shortages	O
in	O
overworked	O
hospital	O
emergency	O
departments	O
and	O
increase	O
the	O
number	O
of	O
people	O
with	O
mental	O
health	O
conditions	O
who	O
can	O
receive	O
care	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Rather	O
than	O
employ	O
expensive	O
,	O
short-term	O
locum	O
tenens	O
doctors	O
or	O
have	O
emergency	O
department	O
physicians	O
evaluate	O
the	O
psychiatric	O
stability	O
of	O
their	O
patients	O
,	O
hospitals	O
can	O
use	O
telepsychiatry	B-Application
to	O
decrease	O
costs	O
and	O
increase	O
patient	O
access	O
to	O
behavioral	O
health	O
evaluations	O
by	O
psychiatric	O
specialists	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Crisis	O
telepsychiatry	B-Application
is	O
also	O
an	O
efficient	O
means	O
of	O
reducing	O
the	O
need	O
for	O
psychiatric	O
boarding	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
the	O
increased	O
throughput	O
offered	O
by	O
telepsychiatry	B-Application
,	O
psychiatric	O
consumers	O
enjoy	O
reduced	O
wait	O
times	O
and	O
faster	O
access	O
to	O
care	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Many	O
facilities	O
that	O
offer	O
behavioral	O
health	O
care	O
are	O
turning	O
to	O
telepsychiatry	B-Application
providers	O
to	O
allow	O
for	O
an	O
increased	O
care	O
capacity	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
With	O
routine	O
telepsychiatry	B-Application
,	O
a	O
consistent	O
provider	O
or	O
small	O
group	O
of	O
providers	O
serve	O
a	O
regular	O
caseload	O
of	O
service	O
users	O
in	O
previously	O
scheduled	O
blocks	O
of	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
One	O
of	O
the	O
drivers	O
behind	O
telepsychiatry	B-Application
's	O
growth	O
in	O
the	O
United	O
States	O
has	O
been	O
a	O
national	O
shortage	O
of	O
psychiatrists	O
,	O
particularly	O
in	O
specialty	O
areas	O
such	O
as	O
child	O
and	O
adolescent	O
psychiatry	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Telepsychiatry	B-Application
can	O
allow	O
fewer	O
doctors	O
to	O
serve	O
more	O
patients	O
by	O
improving	O
utilization	O
of	O
the	O
psychiatrist	O
's	O
time	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
For	O
2014	O
,	O
the	O
Center	O
for	O
Medicare	O
(	O
CMS	O
)	O
services	O
does	O
cover	O
telemedicine	O
services	O
,	O
including	O
telepsychiatry	B-Application
in	O
many	O
areas	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
order	O
to	O
comply	O
with	O
HIPAA	O
guidelines	O
,	O
many	O
providers	O
develop	O
their	O
own	O
specialized	O
videoconferencing	B-Application
services	O
,	O
since	O
common	O
third-party	O
consumer	O
solutions	O
do	O
not	O
include	O
sufficient	O
security	O
and	O
privacy	O
safeguards	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
There	O
are	O
also	O
a	O
growing	O
number	O
of	O
HIPAA-compliant	O
technologies	O
available	O
for	O
telepsychiatry	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
Digital	O
advertising	O
spending	O
by	O
telehealth	O
companies	O
increased	O
from	O
approximately	O
$10	O
million	O
in	O
2020	O
to	O
$100	O
million	O
in	O
2021	O
(	O
while	O
$23	O
million	O
in	O
telehealth	O
digital	O
advertising	O
was	O
spent	O
on	O
TikTok	B-Application
alone	O
from	O
January	O
to	O
November	O
2022	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
December	O
2022	O
,	O
The	O
Wall	O
Street	O
Journal	O
published	O
an	O
analysis	O
it	O
conducted	O
in	O
October	O
and	O
November	O
of	O
that	O
year	O
of	O
telehealth	O
digital	O
advertisements	O
that	O
found	O
that	O
20	O
companies	O
ran	O
more	O
than	O
2,100	O
advertisements	O
on	O
Facebook	B-Application
and	O
Instagram	B-Application
that	O
described	O
prescription	O
drug	O
benefits	O
without	O
citing	O
risks	O
(	O
including	O
for	O
ketamine	O
and	O
testosterone	O
)	O
,	O
that	O
promoted	O
unapproved	O
usages	O
of	O
drugs	O
,	O
or	O
that	O
featured	O
testimonials	O
without	O
disclosing	O
the	O
speaker	O
's	O
relationship	O
with	O
the	O
company	O
,	O
while	O
15	O
telehealth	O
companies	O
ran	O
more	O
than	O
1,800	O
other	O
social	O
media	O
advertisements	O
without	O
prescription	O
drug	O
warnings	O
or	O
risks	O
(	O
including	O
at	O
least	O
800	O
that	O
promoted	O
controlled	O
substances	O
)	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
Telepsychiatry	B-Application
in	O
India	O
is	O
still	O
a	O
young	O
industry	O
,	O
but	O
it	O
is	O
gradually	O
growing	O
,	O
led	O
by	O
institutes	O
such	O
as	O
the	O
Post	O
Graduate	O
Institute	O
of	O
Medical	O
Education	O
and	O
Research	O
in	O
Chandigarh	O
and	O
the	O
Schizophrenia	O
Research	O
Foundation	O
in	O
Chennai	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
In	O
the	O
years	O
before	O
the	O
COVID-19	O
pandemic	O
the	O
National	O
Health	O
Service	O
(	O
NHS	O
)	O
has	O
been	O
slow	O
at	O
implementing	O
telepsychiatry	B-Application
.	O
</s>
<s>
At	O
the	O
same	O
time	O
there	O
are	O
concerns	O
around	O
data	B-General_Concept
security	I-General_Concept
and	O
challenges	O
regarding	O
proper	O
infrastructure	O
,	O
capacity	O
,	O
access	O
and	O
skills	O
.	O
</s>
<s>
During	O
the	O
pandemic	O
telemental	O
health	O
care	O
(	O
mostly	O
phone	O
and	O
video	B-Application
calls	I-Application
)	O
was	O
effective	O
and	O
viewed	O
as	O
acceptable	O
by	O
the	O
majority	O
of	O
clinicians	O
and	O
service	O
users	O
for	O
use	O
in	O
an	O
emergency	O
situation	O
.	O
</s>
